32,413 research outputs found

    XWeB: the XML Warehouse Benchmark

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    With the emergence of XML as a standard for representing business data, new decision support applications are being developed. These XML data warehouses aim at supporting On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) operations that manipulate irregular XML data. To ensure feasibility of these new tools, important performance issues must be addressed. Performance is customarily assessed with the help of benchmarks. However, decision support benchmarks do not currently support XML features. In this paper, we introduce the XML Warehouse Benchmark (XWeB), which aims at filling this gap. XWeB derives from the relational decision support benchmark TPC-H. It is mainly composed of a test data warehouse that is based on a unified reference model for XML warehouses and that features XML-specific structures, and its associate XQuery decision support workload. XWeB's usage is illustrated by experiments on several XML database management systems

    Civil Recourse Defended: A Reply to Posner, Calabresi, Rustad, Chamallas, and Robinette

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    As part of a symposium issue of the Indiana Law Journal devoted to our Civil Recourse Theory of Tort Law, we respond to criticisms by Judge Calabresi, Judge Posner, and Professors Chamallas, Robinette, and Rustad. Calabresi and Posner criticize Civil Recourse Theory as a bit of glib moralism that fails to generate useful answers to the difficult questions that courts face when applying Tort Law. We show with several examples, both old and new, that the glibness is all on their side. From duty to causation to punitive damages, from products liability to fraud to privacy, our scholarship has had a great deal to say on pressing questions in tort. Posner and Calabresi seem to assume that, because our work engages rather than deconstructs concepts such as \u27duty\u27, it cannot address the ‘practical’ issues raised by tort cases. They have things exactly backwards. Civil Recourse Theory engages Tort Law’s concepts precisely in order to address those issues; that is, to a great extent, the point of the enterprise. In a similar vein, Professors Chamallas, Rustad, and Robinette allege that Civil Recourse Theory is blind to various ‘realities\u27; including that Tort Law’s value resides in part in its furtherance of certain policies, that it sometimes operates as an agent of injustice, and that it departs in practice from theory. Of course we have never denied any of these obvious truths. Rather, we have argued that, if Tort Law’s instrumental value is to be appreciated and enhanced, its content as a body of common law cannot be treated in a facile manner. If its discriminatory impact is to be grasped and eliminated, the particular way in which it empowers injury victims must be made clear. If the behavior of legal actors in the shadow of the law is be understood and evaluated, the structure and content of Tort Law’s rules must be rendered more transparent

    Rights, Wrongs, and Recourse in the Law of Torts

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    Cardozo\u27s opinion in Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co.\u27 hinges on a stark assertion about rights and wrongs: A plaintiff has no right of action unless she can show \u27a wrong\u27 to herself; i.e., a violation of her own right. Cardozo himself made this principle the core of his analysis, yet scholars typically regard it as impenetrable, circular, vacuous, or, as Posner put it, eloquent bluff. Small wonder, then, that readers typically turn to reasonable foreseeability as the essence of the case. Leading scholars treat Palsgraf as a proximate cause case, despite Cardozo\u27s pronouncement that W[the law of causation, remote or proximate, is thus foreign to the case before us., Though Palsgraf is widely regarded as the most famous case in American tort law, Cardozo\u27s own reasoning in Palsgraf is typically ignored or derided, but not explained. The facts of Palsgraf may be peculiar, but its core principle is pervasive: For all torts, courts reject a plaintiffs claim when the defendant\u27s conduct, even if a wrong to a third party, was not a wrong to the plaintiff herself. For example, an injured plaintiff can win in fraud only if she was defrauded, in defamation only if she was defamed, in trespass only if her land rights were violated, and so on. Courts reach these results even where the defendant acted tortiously, the plaintiff suffered a real injury, and the plaintiffs injury was reasonably foreseeable. The legal rule upon which these cases rely is that which our scholarly tradition treats so ambivalently in Palsgraf: A plaintiff cannot win unless the defendant\u27s conduct was a wrong relative to her, i.e., unless her right was violated. I shall call this principle the substantive standing rule and shall show that it is a fundamental feature of tort law

    Rethinking Visitation: From a Parental to a Relational Right

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    [...] visitation rights are considered to arise from the very fact of parenthood, so that parents are entitled to this right simply by being legally recognized as parents. [...] visitation rights are subject to the general rule of parental exclusivity: only a child\u27s legal parents have rights considered parental, and non-parents cannot acquire them

    Hierarchy and assortativity as new tools for affinity investigation: the case of the TBA aptamer-ligand complex

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    Aptamers are single stranded DNA, RNA or peptide sequences having the ability to bind a variety of specific targets (proteins, molecules as well as ions). Therefore, aptamer production and selection for therapeutic and diagnostic applications is very challenging. Usually they are in vitro generated, but, recently, computational approaches have been developed for the in silico selection, with a higher affinity for the specific target. Anyway, the mechanism of aptamer-ligand formation is not completely clear, and not obvious to predict. This paper aims to develop a computational model able to describe aptamer-ligand affinity performance by using the topological structure of the corresponding graphs, assessed by means of numerical tools such as the conventional degree distribution, but also the rank-degree distribution (hierarchy) and the node assortativity. Calculations are applied to the thrombin binding aptamer (TBA), and the TBA-thrombin complex, produced in the presence of Na+ or K+. The topological analysis reveals different affinity performances between the macromolecules in the presence of the two cations, as expected by previous investigations in literature. These results nominate the graph topological analysis as a novel theoretical tool for testing affinity. Otherwise, starting from the graphs, an electrical network can be obtained by using the specific electrical properties of amino acids and nucleobases. Therefore, a further analysis concerns with the electrical response, which reveals that the resistance sensitively depends on the presence of sodium or potassium thus posing resistance as a crucial physical parameter for testing affinity.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

    Polyhedral Analysis using Parametric Objectives

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    The abstract domain of polyhedra lies at the heart of many program analysis techniques. However, its operations can be expensive, precluding their application to polyhedra that involve many variables. This paper describes a new approach to computing polyhedral domain operations. The core of this approach is an algorithm to calculate variable elimination (projection) based on parametric linear programming. The algorithm enumerates only non-redundant inequalities of the projection space, hence permits anytime approximation of the output
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