Towards using a physio-cognitive model in tutoring for psychomotor tasks.

We report our exploratory research of psychomotor task training in intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) that are generally limited to tutoring in the desktop learning environment where the learner acquires cognitively oriented knowledge and skills. It is necessary to support computer-guided training in a psychomotor task domain that is beyond the desktop environment. In this study, we seek to extend the current capability of GIFT (Generalized Intelligent Frame-work for Tutoring) to address these psychomotor task training needs. Our ap-proach is to utilize heterogeneous sensor data to identify physical motions through acceleration data from a smartphone and to monitor respiratory activity through a BioHarness, while interacting with GIFT simultaneously. We also uti-lize a computational model to better understand the learner and domain. We focus on a precision-required psychomotor task (i.e., golf putting) and create a series of courses in GIFT that instruct how to do putting with tactical breathing. We report our implementation of a physio-cognitive model that can account for the process of psychomotor skill development, the GIFT extension, and a pilot study that uses the extension. The physio-cognitive model is based on the ACT-R/Φ architecture to model and predict the process of learning, and how it can be used for improving the fundamental understanding of the domain and learner model. Our study contributes to the use of cognitive modeling with physiological con-straints to support adaptive training of psychomotor tasks in ITSs

Self-Regulated Learning and Psychomotor Skill Development in Second-Year Veterinary Students

Previous studies have shown that students who use self-regulated learning strategies have demonstrated improved academic, sport, and medical psychomotor skill mastery. In veterinary education, deliberate practice is currently the educational model for psychomotor skill development in veterinary students. However, with the advent of clinical skills labs, students are expected to self-direct their own development of psychomotor skills, such as suturing, intravenous (IV) catheter placement, and physical exams. Self-directed learning requires the use of self-regulated learning strategies. This research study demonstrates the effect of introducing self-regulated learning theory and deliberate practice theory versus introducing only deliberate theory on the suturing abilities of second-year veterinary students at the Ontario Veterinary College in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. It was theorized that students who use self-regulated learning strategies and deliberate practice to master their skills would out-perform those students who only used deliberate practice. This was not demonstrated with this research and may have been due to the intervention which involved the introduction of these theories to both the test and control group, or to the small group size that resulted from attrition from this research project

Prediction and Situational Option Generation in Soccer

Paul Ward, Michigan Technological University Naturalistic models of decision making, such as the Recognition- Primed Decision (RPD) model (e.g., Klein, Calderwood, & Clinton-Cirocco, 1986; Klein, 1997), suggest that as individuals become more experienced within a domain they automatically recognize situational patterns as familiar which, in turn, activates an associated situational response. Typically, this results in a workable course of action being generated first, and subsequent options generated only if the initial option proves ineffective

Older Adults and Technology-Based Instruction: Optimizing Learning Outcomes and Transfer

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the cognitive and socio-emotional changes associated with aging and to propose ways in which these changes can be accommodated in a technology-based training environment. We recommend that technology-based training for older adults should: 1) be highly structured, 2) provide feedback and adaptive guidance, 3) include meta-cognitive prompts, 4) incorporate principles derived from cognitive load theory and cognitive theory of multimedia learning, and 5) include a user interface that is simple and consistent throughout the course. With a focus on organizations as well as business schools, we then discuss contextual variables that are expected to enhance older learners\u27 training motivation or improve their transfer of training. Finally, we will recommend areas worthy of exploration that might reveal age-specific differences in TBI design

The Effectiveness of Inquiry Based Instructions Module on Excretory System Material to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in 11th Grade Science Senior High School

Learning outcomes have three domains that consist of cognitive, affective and psychomotor, important part of a learning process to determine the level of learning objectives. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of inquiry based instructions module on the material excretion system on student learning outcomes consist of cognitive, affective and psychomotor in 11th Grade Science Class of Senior High School. This research uses a learning model that has never been used, namely by using the syntax of the inquiry based instruction model. Researcher used quasi experimental research and pre-test and post-test control group design for the research design in this paper. The samples of this study are 36 students of 11th Grade Science Class 4 as experimental class using module and 36 students of 11th Grade Science Class 6 as control class using lecture method. Data were collected using a 30-item multiple-choice test technique and they were analyzed by t-test using SPSS. The results show that the t-test in the experimental class was obtained by probability (p) 0.00 (p <0.05), so H0 was rejected. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest score of the students using a module with gain scoring of 0.45. The learning outcomes in the control class also improved but not as large as the gain scoring in the experimental class of 0.24. It can be concluded that the inquiry based instruction module on the effective excretion system material improves students' learning outcomes in 11th Grade Science Class of Senior High School

The Evaluation of Arabic Learning based on Multiple Intelligences Classroom

Evaluation is an integral part of the curriculum component. Evaluation of language learning in general can provide an overview of student learning outcomes that have been done. The need for evaluation of Multiple Intelligences class-based learning evaluation techniques in order to expand the evaluation holistically according to the provisions of globalization. This study aims to analyze evaluation techniques based on Multiple Intelligences class at SD Plus Al-Kautsar Malang. This research using a qualitative approach through case study methods with data techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. This research shows evaluation techniques that can be developed in multiple intelligence classroom through several various techniques; portofolio services, personal expenses, projects. The research findings show that authority in authentic evaluation based on Multiple Intelligence classroom management can provide a concrete picture of students from the language skills system.Evaluation is an integral part of the curriculum component. Evaluation of language learning in general can provide an overview of student learning outcomes that have been done. The need for evaluation of Multiple Intelligences class-based learning evaluation techniques in order to expand the evaluation holistically according to the provisions of globalization. This study aims to analyze evaluation techniques based on Multiple Intelligences class at SD Plus Al-Kautsar Malang. This research using a qualitative approach through case study methods with data techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. This research shows evaluation techniques that can be developed in multiple intelligence classroom through several various techniques; portofolio services, personal expenses, projects. The research findings show that authority in authentic evaluation based on Multiple Intelligence classroom management can provide a concrete picture of students from the language skills system. &nbsp

Arabic Learning for Elementary School during COVID-19 Emergency in Indonesia

Arabic language learning in the era of the COVID-19 emergency requires a good learning design. This research aims to ascertain how the Arabic learning process is done online at SDIT Al-Azhar Padang; how the students' responses; and the obstacles faced by teachers when teaching Arabic by online in the COVID-19 emergency. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study research design. The data collection included observation, interviews, and documentation with data analysis techniques by using data triangulation. The results showed that; 1) the Arabic learning model in the era of COVID-19 emergency can be done by integrating media, material, and evaluation based on online 2) the improvement of students' motivation and their interest in learning online can be seen with the indications that students were fast in responding and they got the maximal results in Arabic learning, 3) some of the obstacles faced by teachers when the online learning is done are the limited ability of teachers to design the material, unlimited time allocation, lack of communication to explain the detailed instruction. The findings found that Arabic learning online can encourage creativity, critical thinking skills, good communication, and the ability to process information based on technology

Developing perspectives on ‘the demonstration’ as a signature pedagogy in design and technology

This paper builds on a previous study of the ‘demonstration’ as a signature pedagogy in design and technology (D&T). The demonstration is a fundamental pedagogical tool in practical subjects, for the development of learners’ procedural knowledge, from observation and imitation to autonomy and adaption of a technique. As such, it tends to align itself at the restrictive end of an expansive-restrictive pedagogical continuum. In the preceding study, a dialogue emerged around the role of the teacher as a “competent management of the learning experience”, including teachers’ competency and clarity of subject knowledge. The findings of this study highlight two similar, yet distinct, perspectives of the teacher as an expert and the teacher as a facilitator. This study continues a developing professional conversation around the nature of the demonstration, exploring a snapshot of teacher educators’ subjective beliefs and values. The responses of the participants to a set of 62 statements, representing a range of potential opinions and perspectives, were deployed and analysed using Q Methodology. The sample is purposive and comprised of D&T teacher educators based in England. The study draws parallels with direct instruction and demonstration, and concludes that there different approaches to and ways of viewing demonstration. In addition, further consideration of the expansive-restrictive continuum as a framework for planning and evaluating learning in D&T may support theorisation of the subject, inculcation of theory and research informed practice

Evidence-Based Best Practices in Physical Activity for Children with Serious Disabilities A Synthesis of the Research Literature

Serious disabilities are diagnosed in approximately 1 in 100 of children who have serious disabilities (Jasma, 1988). The development of the psychomotor domain in children with serious disabilities is typically below the development of their peers without special needs (Jasma, 1988). Generally, children with serious disabilities tend to be sedentary or lack opportunities to participate in physical activity compared with their peers without disabilities (Jasma, 1988). Traditional assessments such as TGMD-3 (Test of Gross Motor Development) or Brockport Physical Fitness Test, are not designed or do not have accommodations for children with serious disabilities (Grenier, & Miller, 2018). The purpose of this synthesis is to identify, based on research the best practices and programing recommendations in physical education for children with serious disabilities. In addition, facilitators and barriers to this process will be explored. The intent of this synthesis is to determine how to best increase physical activity performance in students with serious disabilities. The results of this synthesis indicated Aquatic environment is the most appropriate environment for physical activity for individuals with serious disabilities. Literature reveals that the main barriers are people’s perceptions of disability and level of support needed. Adequate professional preparation when working with and modifying activities for children with serious disabilities is extremely important for teachers and paraprofessionals

Effects of a Visual Distracter Task on the Gait of Elderly versus Young Persons

Seniors show deficits of dual-task walking when the second task has high visual-processing requirements. Here, we evaluate whether similar deficits emerge when the second task is discrete rather than continuous, as is often the case in everyday life. Subjects walked in a hallway, while foot proprioception was either perturbed by vibration or unperturbed. At unpredictable intervals, they were prompted to turn their head and perform a mental-rotation task. We found that locomotion of young subjects was not affected by this distracter task with or without vibration. In contrast, seniors moved their legs after the distraction at a slower pace through smaller angles and with a higher spatiotemporal variability; the magnitude of these changes was vibration independent. We conclude that the visual distracter task degraded the gait of elderly subjects but completely spared young ones, that this effect is not due to degraded proprioception, and that it rather might reflect the known decline of executive functions in the elderly