592,083 research outputs found
Improving statistical skills through students’ participation in the development of resources
This paper summarizes the evaluation of a project that involved undergraduate mathematics students in the development of teaching and learning resources for statistics modules taught in various departments of a university. This evaluation regards students’ participation in the project and its impact on their learning of statistics, as characterized in terms of statistical reasoning, statistical thinking, and skills for statistical consultancy. The participation of students is evaluated from the viewpoint of communities of practice. The evaluation resulted in a characterization of the benefits of such a project and suggestions for implementations of future projects, and in addition brought to light new theoretical elements both as regards the learning of statistics and as regards communities of practice. In particular, the analysis highlighted contributions of the students involved to resource development practice in the community of university statistics teachers, as well as contributions to students’ learning as a result of participation in this community
Caveats for using statistical significance tests in research assessments
This paper raises concerns about the advantages of using statistical
significance tests in research assessments as has recently been suggested in
the debate about proper normalization procedures for citation indicators.
Statistical significance tests are highly controversial and numerous criticisms
have been leveled against their use. Based on examples from articles by
proponents of the use statistical significance tests in research assessments,
we address some of the numerous problems with such tests. The issues
specifically discussed are the ritual practice of such tests, their dichotomous
application in decision making, the difference between statistical and
substantive significance, the implausibility of most null hypotheses, the
crucial assumption of randomness, as well as the utility of standard errors and
confidence intervals for inferential purposes. We argue that applying
statistical significance tests and mechanically adhering to their results is
highly problematic and detrimental to critical thinking. We claim that the use
of such tests do not provide any advantages in relation to citation indicators,
interpretations of them, or the decision making processes based upon them. On
the contrary their use may be harmful. Like many other critics, we generally
believe that statistical significance tests are over- and misused in the social
sciences including scientometrics and we encourage a reform on these matters.Comment: Accepted version for Journal of Informetric
Comment: Boosting Algorithms: Regularization, Prediction and Model Fitting
The authors are doing the readers of Statistical Science a true service with
a well-written and up-to-date overview of boosting that originated with the
seminal algorithms of Freund and Schapire. Equally, we are grateful for
high-level software that will permit a larger readership to experiment with, or
simply apply, boosting-inspired model fitting. The authors show us a world of
methodology that illustrates how a fundamental innovation can penetrate every
nook and cranny of statistical thinking and practice. They introduce the reader
to one particular interpretation of boosting and then give a display of its
potential with extensions from classification (where it all started) to least
squares, exponential family models, survival analysis, to base-learners other
than trees such as smoothing splines, to degrees of freedom and regularization,
and to fascinating recent work in model selection. The uninitiated reader will
find that the authors did a nice job of presenting a certain coherent and
useful interpretation of boosting. The other reader, though, who has watched
the business of boosting for a while, may have quibbles with the authors over
details of the historic record and, more importantly, over their optimism about
the current state of theoretical knowledge. In fact, as much as ``the
statistical view'' has proven fruitful, it has also resulted in some ideas
about why boosting works that may be misconceived, and in some recommendations
that may be misguided. [arXiv:0804.2752]Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-STS242B the Statistical
Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Revealing the Extent of Kindergarten Teachers' practicing of some Activities to Develop
The study aimed at identifying the extent to which kindergarten teachers practiced some of the activities of developing sensory and creative thinking on the kindergarten children in the city of Amman, and knowing the level of practice of teachers in kindergartens of the activities of the development of sensory and creative thinking which was prepared by the researchers according to "the number of years of experience, and the type of qualification and academic degree. For this purpose, the researchers designed a questionnaire consisted of (47) items in which two types of activities were chosen, which develop thinking patterns: sensory (24) activities and creative (23) activities and applied them to (78) kindergarten teachers in the regions of Amman City. The researchers relied on the SPSS statistical program and the Kruskal-Walls test was used to determine the significance of the differences in the sample responses. The study has reached the following conclusions: The practice of kindergarten teachers for some activities of the development of motor sensory thinking among the kindergarten children in the city of Amman was high, the arithmetic mean reached (2.53) for some sensory thinking activities, which was slightly more than the creativity that reached (2.39). The results also showed that there are no differences in the implementation of activities related to the development of sensory thinking and creative thinking in research by kindergarten teachers due to the number of years of experience variable. The views of kindergarten teachers are similar in the application of activities related to the development of sensory thinking and creative thinking, whatever their scientific qualifications. Keywords: activities for the development of sensory thinking, activities for the development of creative thinking, kindergartens
The Impact of High-Fidelity Simulation on Nursing Students’ Flexible and Reflective Thinking in Higher Education
This study evaluated the effect of high-fidelity simulation with both mannequins and live actors on flexible and reflective thinking of nursing students. Students enrolled in an undergraduate nursing program were recruited to participate in this study. Ninety students, all female, completed both pre- and post-surveys. The researchers conducted a paired samples t-test to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in students’ level of flexible thinking before and after they experienced the high-fidelity simulation. Moreover, we conducted multivariate correlational analysis to examine the relationships between flexible thinking and reflective thinking. In general, statistical results in this study provide empirical support for the values of clinical simulation and debriefing on nursing students’ flexible and reflective thinking. High-fidelity simulation can expose students to controlled and dynamic clinical environments, allowing them to attempt the transfer of theory to practice, learn from collaborative and active learning tasks, and be open-minded to multiple perspectives and in diverse situations. We conclude that critical reflection is an important piece of development in flexible thinking and reflective learning. During the time of post-simulation interactions, students are encouraged to reflect objectively on their performance in each scenario. The input from peers and instructors provides students with the opportunity to assess their personal ability to transfer theory to practice and evaluate if the theory design of the course is providing them with the needed information to care for the clients presented in the clinical simulation scenarios
The diagnosis of mental disorders: the problem of reification
A pressing need for interrater reliability in the diagnosis of mental disorders
emerged during the mid-twentieth century, prompted in part by
the development of diverse new treatments. The Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), third edition answered this need
by introducing operationalized diagnostic criteria that were field-tested
for interrater reliability. Unfortunately, the focus on reliability came at a
time when the scientific understanding of mental disorders was embryonic
and could not yield valid disease definitions. Based on accreting
problems with the current DSM-fourth edition (DSM-IV) classification,
it is apparent that validity will not be achieved simply by refining
criteria for existing disorders or by the addition of new disorders. Yet
DSM-IV diagnostic criteria dominate thinking about mental disorders
in clinical practice, research, treatment development, and law. As a result,
the modernDSMsystem, intended to create a shared language, also
creates epistemic blinders that impede progress toward valid diagnoses.
Insights that are beginning to emerge from psychology, neuroscience,
and genetics suggest possible strategies for moving forward
Was regression to the mean really the solution to Darwin's problem with heredity?
Statistical reasoning is an integral part of modern scientific practice. In The Seven Pillars of Statistical Wisdom Stephen Stigler presents seven core ideas, or pillars, of statistical thinking and the historical developments of each of these pillars, many of which were concurrent with developments in biology. Here we focus on Stigler's fifth pillar, regression, and his discussion of how regression to the mean came to be thought of as a solution to a challenge for the theory of natural selection. Stigler argues that the purely mathematical phenomenon of regression to the mean provides a resolution to a problem for Darwin's evolutionary theory. Thus, he argues that the resolution to the problem for Darwin's theory is purely mathematical, rather than causal. We show why this argument is problematic
Relationship between Transformational Leadership Style and Leadership Thinking of Provincial Administration Leaders
Objectives: The transformational leadership style is accepted as suitable for leading administrative agencies to achieve outstanding results and help organizations cope with challenges. Besides, leadership thinking is also considered to have a very important role in leadership performance in administrative agencies. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to explore the relationship between transformational leadership style and leader thinking to organization's performance. Methods: The article focuses on explaining the views on transformational leadership style, healthy thinking, and the relationship between transformational leadership style and leadership thinking, and at the same time points out the current status of transformational leadership style, transformational leadership, leadership thinking as well as this relationship in practice among the leaders of provincial agencies in Vietnam. Descriptive, inductive, deductive, synthetic, and quantitative statistical methods were applied to interpret the results. Findings: Research results show that transformational leadership style, leadership thinking in the team of leaders of provincial agencies is quite average, there is a strong positive correlation between transformational leadership style. In contrast to leadership thinking, a more transformative leadership style means that it requires an innovative leadership thinking. Novelty:The results achieved when applying a transformational leadership style are quite closely related to the application of leadership thinking to solve leadership challenges. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01307 Full Text: PD
- …