2,156 research outputs found

    State-of-The-Art and Applications of 3D Imaging Sensors in Industry, Cultural Heritage, Medicine, and Criminal Investigation

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    3D imaging sensors for the acquisition of three dimensional (3D) shapes have created, in recent years, a considerable degree of interest for a number of applications. The miniaturization and integration of the optical and electronic components used to build them have played a crucial role in the achievement of compactness, robustness and flexibility of the sensors. Today, several 3D sensors are available on the market, even in combination with other sensors in a “sensor fusion” approach. An importance equal to that of physical miniaturization has the portability of the measurements, via suitable interfaces, into software environments designed for their elaboration, e.g., CAD-CAM systems, virtual renders, and rapid prototyping tools. In this paper, following an overview of the state-of-art of 3D imaging sensors, a number of significant examples of their use are presented, with particular reference to industry, heritage, medicine, and criminal investigation applications

    Roman portraiture and biometric identification

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    This project utilised three-dimensional scanning technology in the study of ancient Roman art and archaeology: Roman representations of faces executed in marble. In the cultural heritage sector, three-dimensional (3D) scanning finds its primary application in documenting and reconstructing objects and structures mostly of simple geometry: bones, pottery, architecture or the imprint of whole archaeological sites (Adolf 2011). In forensic science, the face is interesting from investigative and probative perspectives, including both recognition and identification. Biometric methods of facial recognition have been part of a plethora of computer science-based applications used in the verification of identity (Davy et al. 2005, Goodwin, Evison and Schofield 2010). The aim of this initial project is to provide objective relevant measurements of key facial features from the two ancient Roman portrait statue three-dimensional scans, which will allow the delineation of relationships between individual portraits including formal and stylistics aspects. The work described in this paper proposal is truly multidisciplinary, it touches on many fields including : Classical archaeologies (specifically ancient art history in the period of the Roman Empire 31BC - AD400), Forensic Anthropology (specifically physical anthropology and human osteology, Facial Biometrics (specifically uniquely recognising humans based upon their intrinsic physical traits and features) and Computer Science and Statistics (specifically the analysis of large complex multi-dimensional data sets)

    Roman portraiture and biometric identification

    Get PDF
    This project utilised three-dimensional scanning technology in the study of ancient Roman art and archaeology: Roman representations of faces executed in marble. In the cultural heritage sector, three-dimensional (3D) scanning finds its primary application in documenting and reconstructing objects and structures mostly of simple geometry: bones, pottery, architecture or the imprint of whole archaeological sites (Adolf 2011). In forensic science, the face is interesting from investigative and probative perspectives, including both recognition and identification. Biometric methods of facial recognition have been part of a plethora of computer science-based applications used in the verification of identity (Davy et al. 2005, Goodwin, Evison and Schofield 2010). The aim of this initial project is to provide objective relevant measurements of key facial features from the two ancient Roman portrait statue three-dimensional scans, which will allow the delineation of relationships between individual portraits including formal and stylistics aspects. The work described in this paper proposal is truly multidisciplinary, it touches on many fields including : Classical archaeologies (specifically ancient art history in the period of the Roman Empire 31BC - AD400), Forensic Anthropology (specifically physical anthropology and human osteology, Facial Biometrics (specifically uniquely recognising humans based upon their intrinsic physical traits and features) and Computer Science and Statistics (specifically the analysis of large complex multi-dimensional data sets)

    Feasibility and performance analysis in 3D printing of artworks using laser scanning microprofilometry

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    We investigated optical scanning microprofilometry and conoscopic holography sensors as nondestructive testing and evaluation tools in archeology for obtaining an accurate 3D printed reproduction of the data. The modular microprofilometer prototype allows a versatile acquisition of different materials and shapes producing a high-quality dataset that enables surface modelling at micrometric scales from which a "scientific" replica can be obtained through 3D printing technologies. As exemplar case study, an archeological amphora was acquired and 3D printed. In order to test the feasibility and the performance of the whole process chain from the acquisition to the reproduction, we propose a statistical multiscale analysis of the surface signal of object and replica based on metrological parameters. This approach allows to demonstrate that the accuracy of the 3D printing process preserves the range of spatial wavelengths that characterizes the surface features of interest within the technology capabilities. This work extends the usefulness of the replicas from museum exposition to scientific applications

    Reality Computing: An end-to-end process for Herpetological Heritage

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    Documentation of institutional biological collections are essential for scientific studies and conservation of the biodiversity of a region. In particular, preserved specimens require the development of a short- and long-term plan to prevent damage. In this context, the 3D digitisation of this type of documentation provides innovative mechanisms to safeguard the valuable information provided by the collections and at the same time prevent any possible loss of information. At the moment, the potential of laser scanning in model reconstruction is well-known, but developed works using this method for 3D construction reveal a lack of reliable, precise and flexible solutions. Furthermore, visualisation of results is often very useless and does not go beyond web-based applications. This work presents an analysis of 3D modelling using two digitisation techniques: laser scanning and photogrammetry; combined with real time VR and AR visualizations and 3D printing.XVI Workshop Computación Gráfica, Imágenes y Visualización (WCGIV)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

    Reality Computing: An end-to-end process for Herpetological Heritage

    Get PDF
    Documentation of institutional biological collections are essential for scientific studies and conservation of the biodiversity of a region. In particular, preserved specimens require the development of a short- and long-term plan to prevent damage. In this context, the 3D digitisation of this type of documentation provides innovative mechanisms to safeguard the valuable information provided by the collections and at the same time prevent any possible loss of information. At the moment, the potential of laser scanning in model reconstruction is well-known, but developed works using this method for 3D construction reveal a lack of reliable, precise and flexible solutions. Furthermore, visualisation of results is often very useless and does not go beyond web-based applications. This work presents an analysis of 3D modelling using two digitisation techniques: laser scanning and photogrammetry; combined with real time VR and AR visualizations and 3D printing.XVI Workshop Computación Gráfica, Imágenes y Visualización (WCGIV)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

    3D Holoscopic Imaging for Cultural Heritage Digitalisation

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    The growing interest in archaeology has enabled the discovery of an immense number of cultural heritage assets and historical sites. Hence, preservation of CH through digitalisation is becoming a primordial requirement for many countries as a part of national cultural programs. However, CH digitalisation is still posing serious challenges such as cost and time-consumption. In this manuscript, 3D holoscopic (H3D) technology is applied to capture small sized CH assets. The H3D camera utilises micro lens array within a single aperture lens and typical 2D sensor to acquire 3D information. This technology allows 3D autostereoscopic visualisation with full motion parallax if convenient Microlens Array (MLA)is used on the display side. Experimental works have shown easiness and simplicity of H3D acquisition compared to existing technologies. In fact, H3D capture process took an equal time of shooting a standard 2D image. These advantages qualify H3D technology to be cost effective and time-saving technology for cultural heritage 3D digitisation

    Automated displacement measurements on historical canvases

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    Abstract Background In this paper we describe a configurable system based on laser displacement sensors for the contactless acquisition of 3D and 2D shapes of near-planar objects such as the paintings. Methods The system is based on two single-point laser triangulation sensors, a planar robot and a suite of software for driving the sensors, acquiring and post-processing the collected data. As a demonstration of the developed system we monitored three artifacts with the different aims to monitor the elastic properties of the artworks and the effectiveness of support frames in compensating the micro-climate fluctuations: the "Annunciazione" Antonello da Messina, the "Paliotto di San Domenico", and the "Portiera Oddi-Montesperelli". Results In the "Annunciazione" case, the canvas response to tensioning trials was analyzed. The collected data permitted to quantify a maximum displacement of 0.9 and 1.5 mm for the tensioning tests at 1 and 2 mm, respectively. In the "Portiera" case, the displacement difference between the left and right canvas sides was (1.0 ± 0.13)%, due to the inherent anisotropy of the material and by the structure of the artifact. In the "Paliotto" case, instead, minor displacement variations of the gilt leather due to the environment were observed, due to the analysis conducted prior of the restoration. Conclusions The overall obtained results demonstrated that the system is able to provide useful data for the art conservation field, with a max inaccuracy less than 100 μm
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