Peer to Peer Networks Management Survey

Peer-to-Peer systems are based on the concept of resources localization and mutualisation in dynamic context. In specific environment such as mobile networks, characterized by high variability and dynamicity of network conditions and performances, where nodes can join and leave the network dynamically, resources reliability and availability constitute a critical issue. The resource discovery problem arises in the context of peer to peer (P2P) networks, where at any point of time a peer may be placed at or removed from any location over a general purpose network. Locating a resource or service efficiently is one of the most important issues related to peer-to-peer networks. The objective of a search mechanism is to successfully locate resources while incurring low overhead and low delay. This paper presents a survey on P2P networks management: classification, applications, platforms, simulators and security.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur

Survey of Search and Replication Schemes in Unstructured P2P Networks

P2P computing lifts taxing issues in various areas of computer science. The largely used decentralized unstructured P2P systems are ad hoc in nature and present a number of research challenges. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive theoretical survey of various state-of-the-art search and replication schemes in unstructured P2P networks for file-sharing applications. The classifications of search and replication techniques and their advantages and disadvantages are briefly explained. Finally, the various issues on searching and replication for unstructured P2P networks are discussed.Comment: 39 Pages 5 Figure

Analysis of the flooding search algorithm with OPNET

In this work, we consider the popular OPNET simulator as a tool for performance evaluation of algorithms operating in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. We created simple framework and used it to analyse the flooding search algorithm which is a popular technique for searching files in an unstructured P2P network. We investigated the influence of the number of replicas and time to live (TTL) of search queries on the algorithm performance. Preparing the simulation we did not reported the problems which are commonly encountered in P2P dedicated simulators although the size of simulated network was limited

Query Routing and Processing in Peer-To-Peer Data Sharing Systems

Sharing musical files via the Internet was the essential motivation of early P2P systems. Despite of the great success of the P2P file sharing systems, these systems support only "simple" queries. The focus in such systems is how to carry out an efficient query routing in order to find the nodes storing a desired file. Recently, several research works have been made to extend P2P systems to be able to share data having a fine granularity (i.e. atomic attribute) and to process queries written with a highly expressive language (i.e. SQL). These works have led to the emergence of P2P data sharing systems that represent a new generation of P2P systems and, on the other hand, a next stage in a long period of the database research area. ? The characteristics of P2P systems (e.g. large-scale, node autonomy and instability) make impractical to have a global catalog that represents often an essential component in traditional database systems. Usually, such a catalog stores information about data, schemas and data sources. Query routing and processing are two problems affected by the absence of a global catalog. Locating relevant data sources and generating a close to optimal execution plan become more difficult. In this paper, we concentrate our study on proposed solutions for the both problems. Furthermore, selected case studies of main P2P data sharing systems are analyzed and compared.Comment: 24 Pages, IJDM

P2P-PL: A Pattern Language to Design Efficient and Robust Peer-to-Peer Systems

To design peer-to-peer (P2P) software systems is a challenging task, because of their highly decentralized nature, which may cause unexpected emergent global behaviors. The last fifteen years have seen many P2P applications to come out and win favor with millions of users. From success histories of applications like BitTorrent, Skype, MyP2P we have learnt a number of useful design patterns. Thus, in this article we present a P2P pattern language (shortly, P2P-PL) which encompasses all the aspects that a fully effective and efficient P2P software system should provide, namely consistency of stored data, redundancy, load balancing, coping with asymmetric bandwidth, decentralized security. The patterns of the proposed P2P-PL are described in detail, and a composition strategy for designing robust, effective and efficient P2P software systems is proposed.Comment: 43 pages, 27 figure

Review of Replication Schemes for Unstructured P2P Networks

To improve unstructured P2P system performance, one wants to minimize the number of peers that have to be probed for the shortening of the search time. A solution to the problem is to employ a replication scheme, which provides high hit rate for target files. Replication can also provide load balancing and reduce access latency if the file is accessed by a large population of users. This paper briefly describes various replication schemes that have appeared in the literature and also focuses on a novel replication technique called Q-replication to increase availability of objects in unstructured P2P networks. The Q-replication technique replicates objects autonomously to suitable sites based on object popularity and site selection logic by extensively employing Q-learning concept.Comment: 7 page

Secure and Privacy- Aware Searching in Peer-to-Peer Networks

The existing peer-to-peer networks have several problems such as fake content distribution, free riding, white-washing and poor search scalability, lack of a robust trust model and absence of user privacy protection mechanism. Although, several trust management and semantic community-based mechanisms for combating free riding and distribution of malicious contents have been proposed by some researchers, most of these schemes lack scalability due to their high computational, communication and storage overhead. This paper presents a robust trust management scheme for P2P networks that utilizes topology adaptation by constructing an overlay of trusted peers where the neighbors are selected based on their trust ratings and content similarities. While increasing the search efficiency by intelligently exploiting the formation of semantic community structures by topology adaptation among the trustworthy peers, the scheme provides the users a very high level of privacy protection of their usage and consumption patterns of network resources. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides efficient searching to good peers while penalizing the malicious peers by increasing their search times as the network topology stabilizes.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures. In the Pre-proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Data Privacy Management (DPM) - colocated with 16th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS 2011), Paper ID: 10, September 15 - 16, 2011, Leuven, Belgiu

Performance Modeling of BitTorrent Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Networks

BitTorrent is undoubtedly the most popular P2P file sharing application on today's Internet. The widespread popularity of BitTorrent has attracted a great deal of attention from networking researchers who conducted various performance studies on it. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of analytical performance modeling techniques for BitTorrent networks. The performance models examined in this study include deterministic models, Markov chain models, fluid flow models, and queuing network models. These models evaluate the performance metrics of BitTorrent networks at different regimes with various realistic factors considered. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted on those modeling techniques in the aspects of complexity, accuracy, extensibility, and scalability

Efficient Searching and Retrieval of Documents in PROSA

Retrieving resources in a distributed environment is more difficult than finding data in centralised databases. In the last decade P2P system arise as new and effective distributed architectures for resource sharing, but searching in such environments could be difficult and time-consuming. In this paper we discuss efficiency of resource discovery in PROSA, a self-organising P2P system heavily inspired by social networks. All routing choices in PROSA are made locally, looking only at the relevance of the next peer to each query. We show that PROSA is able to effectively answer queries for rare documents, forwarding them through the most convenient path to nodes that much probably share matching resources. This result is heavily related to the small-world structure that naturally emerges in PROSA.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Mining frequent items in unstructured P2P networks

Large scale decentralized systems, such as P2P, sensor or IoT device networks are becoming increasingly common, and require robust protocols to address the challenges posed by the distribution of data and the large number of peers belonging to the network. In this paper, we deal with the problem of mining frequent items in unstructured P2P networks. This problem, of practical importance, has many useful applications. We design P2PSS, a fully decentralized, gossip--based protocol for frequent items discovery, leveraging the Space-Saving algorithm. We formally prove the correctness and theoretical error bound. Extensive experimental results clearly show that P2PSS provides very good accuracy and scalability, also in the presence of highly dynamic P2P networks with churning. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first gossip--based distributed algorithm providing strong theoretical guarantees for both the Approximate Frequent Items Problem in Unstructured P2P Networks and for the frequency estimation of discovered frequent items