Subsea inspection and monitoring challenges

Master's thesis in Offshore technology : industrial asset managementThis paper uncovers and suggests solutions for the challenges to control change over time more reliable and cost effective. Front-end concept engineering, design, inspection and monitoring strategies, technologies, systems and methods for Life-of-Field are recommended. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are identified as a possible cost- efficient opportunity to reduce cost of inspections and monitoring operations while safeguarding asset integrity. A recognized design spiral methodology is used to perform a front-end concept evaluation of an AUV system. Investigation of key technological limitations and new developments within underwater communication, energy storage and wireless power transmission is performed. It further enables opportunities such as AUV recharging station on the seafloor for better utilization. One major learning point is through the use of numerical models and the outcome being a better and more hydro effective hull design. One expectation from this paper may be the aid to collaborating partners in their design work

A Strategic Digital Transformation for the Water Industry

This book is a compilation of the knowledge shared and generated so far in the IWA Digital Water Programme. It is an insightful collection of white papers covering best practices, linking academic and industrial studies/insights with applications to give real-world examples of digital transformation. These White Papers are designed to help utilities, water professionals and all those interested in water management and stewardship issues to better understand the opportunities of digital technologies. This book covers a plethora of topics including: Instrumentation and data generation Artificial intelligence and digital twins The digital transformation and public health Mapping the digital transformation journey into the future With these topics, the aim is to present an all-encompassing reference for practitioners to use in their day-to-day activities. Through the Digital Water Programme, the IWA leverages its worldwide member expertise to guide a new generation of water and wastewater utilities on their digital journey towards the uptake of digital technologies and their integration into water services

A Strategic Digital Transformation for the Water Industry

This book is a compilation of the knowledge shared and generated so far in the IWA Digital Water Programme. It is an insightful collection of white papers covering best practices, linking academic and industrial studies/insights with applications to give real-world examples of digital transformation. These White Papers are designed to help utilities, water professionals and all those interested in water management and stewardship issues to better understand the opportunities of digital technologies. This book covers a plethora of topics including: Instrumentation and data generation Artificial intelligence and digital twins The digital transformation and public health Mapping the digital transformation journey into the future With these topics, the aim is to present an all-encompassing reference for practitioners to use in their day-to-day activities. Through the Digital Water Programme, the IWA leverages its worldwide member expertise to guide a new generation of water and wastewater utilities on their digital journey towards the uptake of digital technologies and their integration into water services

Engineering derivatives from biological systems for advanced aerospace applications

The present study consisted of a literature survey, a survey of researchers, and a workshop on bionics. These tasks produced an extensive annotated bibliography of bionics research (282 citations), a directory of bionics researchers, and a workshop report on specific bionics research topics applicable to space technology. These deliverables are included as Appendix A, Appendix B, and Section 5.0, respectively. To provide organization to this highly interdisciplinary field and to serve as a guide for interested researchers, we have also prepared a taxonomy or classification of the various subelements of natural engineering systems. Finally, we have synthesized the results of the various components of this study into a discussion of the most promising opportunities for accelerated research, seeking solutions which apply engineering principles from natural systems to advanced aerospace problems. A discussion of opportunities within the areas of materials, structures, sensors, information processing, robotics, autonomous systems, life support systems, and aeronautics is given. Following the conclusions are six discipline summaries that highlight the potential benefits of research in these areas for NASA's space technology programs

Intelligent Circuits and Systems

ICICS-2020 is the third conference initiated by the School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering at Lovely Professional University that explored recent innovations of researchers working for the development of smart and green technologies in the fields of Energy, Electronics, Communications, Computers, and Control. ICICS provides innovators to identify new opportunities for the social and economic benefits of society.　 This conference bridges the gap between academics and R&D institutions, social visionaries, and experts from all strata of society to present their ongoing research activities and foster research relations between them. It provides opportunities for the exchange of new ideas, applications, and experiences in the field of smart technologies and finding global partners for future collaboration. The ICICS-2020 was conducted in two broad categories, Intelligent Circuits & Intelligent Systems and Emerging Technologies in Electrical Engineering

In vivo monitoring of human intestinal ischaemia: An on-line rapid sampling microdialysis biosensor system

The primary aim of this thesis was to monitor in vivo intestinal ischemia using rapid sampling on-line microdialysis. A new variant of a clinical assay system was developed for use in gastrointestinal surgery. The assay could process on-line microdialysis samples for glucose and lactate concentrations at 30 seconds intervals in the concentration range of 25 μM to 30 mM. Intramural human bowel ischaemia was monitored intra-operatively in a clinical collaboration with Prof. Darzi and Prof. Hanna in St. Maryʼs Hospital, London using a microdialysis probe implantation technique devised by Mr. Samer Deeba. Dialysate levels stabilised within 10-15 minutes following implantation of the CMA 62 microdialysis probe. Clipping of arteries feeding the gastrointestinal tissue to be resected, did not lead to an immediate change in dialysate levels, but a fall in glucose and rise in lactate delayed by 17 ± 2 minutes, n=9. This suggests an additional pool of glucose availability in the bowel, and indicates a possible therapeutic window during bowel surgery. Parallel experimental work was carried out in swine model in the surgical labs of the healthcare company Tyco (Covidien) in Paris. Rapid sampling microdialysis was used to examine the effect of total ischaemia on an anastomosis site. The anastomotic site was devascularised by clamping the mesentery of both sides. Here the tissue reacted to ischaemia immediately, 5 minutes following clamping of feeding artery, compared with a healthy human bowel, suggesting that the additional glucose pool was unavailable in this situation. Physiological variable effects were studied to investigate further any difference with respect to the human in pig bowel physiology, which were not found. The no-net-flux method of in vivo recovery was used to determine the extracellular levels of glucose (0.47 ± 0.05 mM) in the intramural pig bowel. These were substantially lower than blood glucose values, representing a 10% of plasma levels and suggest a difference with human bowel. Finally, 7 patients were monitored after abdominal aortic aneurism repair surgery, for up to 2 days in the intensive care unit, to detect the possible on-set of ischaemia as a complication of inferior mesenteric artery occlusion. Basal microdialysis levels at 3.98 ± 0.75 mM for glucose and 1.38 ± 0.20 mM for lactate agreed well with those measured acutely during surgery, and were not sensitive to changes in plasma values. The lactate/glucose ratio between 1-2 days post-implantation was typically between 0.5-1.0 again similar to the ratio found intra-operatively. This validates the use of microdialysis intra-operatively and confirms the importance of this ratio. An in vivo calibration was performed in one patient with the variable flow rate method providing extracellular levels for glucose (5.8 ± 0.4 mM) and lactate (3.3 ± 0.2 mM) in intramural human bowel. These agree well with measured blood glucose values. Although major ischaemic failure was not seen in these patients, transient ischaemic events lasting 40 minutes and characterised by a lactate/glucose ratio increase to 2 were noticed. Finally, a quasi-periodic oscillatory pattern with inverse changes in glucose and lactate was observed during these patientsʼ monitoring. This was ascribed to gut peristalsis

Digital twin in aerospace industry: a gentle introduction

Digital twin (DT), primarily a virtual replica of any conceivable physical entity, is a highly transformative technology with profound implications. Whether it be product development, design optimisation, performance improvement, or predictive maintenance, digital twins are changing the ways work is undertaken in various industries with multifarious business applications. Aerospace industry, including its manufacturing base, is one such keen adopter of digital twins with an unprecedented interest in their bespoke design, development, and implementation across wider operations and critical functions. This, however, comes with some misconceptions about the digital twin technology and lack of understanding with respect to its optimal implementation. For instance, equating a digital twin to an intelligent model while ignoring the essential components of data acquisition and visualisation, misleads the creators into building digital shadow or digital models, instead of the actual digital twin. This paper unfolds such intricacies of digital twin technology for the aerospace community in particular and others in general so as to remove the fallacies that affect their effective realisation for safety-critical systems. It comprises a comprehensive survey of digital twins and their constituent elements. Elaborating their characteristic state-of-the-art composition along with corresponding limitations, three dimensions of the future digital twins for the aerospace sector, termed as aero-Digital Twins (aero-DTs), are proposed as an outcome of this survey. These include the interactive, standardisation, and cognitive dimensions of digital twins, which if leveraged diligently could help the aero-DT research and development community quadruple the efficiency of existing and future aerospace systems as well as their associated processes