Health literacy as a challenge for health education

. Scientific literature demonstrates a well-established correlation between education and health literacy; education and health outcomes; health literacy and health outcomes. Health literacy has a mediating role between education and health. Health literacy is known as a complex concept, it has multiple definitions, underlying meanings and conceptual models. Diversity of health literacy can be a challenging motivator for health education. Indepth study of scientific literature was carried out to highlight the link between health literacy and health education and to emphasize health literacy challenges for health education. Five health literacy challenges for health education were identified: (1) health literacy as an outcome related to health education interventions; (2) multilayered health literacy or different levels of health literacy; (3) the concept of health literacy and its comprehensiveness; (4) shift from a passive to more interactive and empowering health education; (5) cultural context of health literacy and health education. Enhanced health literacy definitions and conceptual models require more complex, comprehensive, socially oriented, culture sensitive, participatory health education.publishersversionPeer reviewe

CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN LANGUAGE CLASS OF ARCHITECTURE – A CASE STUDY

Arousal of intellectual curiosity enhances the desire to learn. When students apply reasoning and use evidence to solve problems, they start working in the cognitive and metacognitive realms. This may lead to an organized and focused inquiry followed by questions and divergent views. English classrooms have ample opportunities to improve the quality of thought when tasks are designed using reading and listening materials. While concentrating on language skills, emphasis is given to critical thinking. Moving away from factual knowledge, the students will have opportunities to make intellectual moves, reason well and offer solutions to the problems. Using a listening or a passage, the task should be designed which would combine ideas and information in a new way that would lead to discussions based on the 4Cs communication, creativity, collaboration, and critical thought. The paper focuses on the need of inculcating ‘thinking' in the 21st century learners.  Article visualizations

Destination -- Berlin! The Transportation Corps will furnish the necessary transportation!

It is with pride and emotion that I indorse this story of the Transportation Corps in the European Theater of Operations. This story is your story: it is the story of your aching muscles, long and arduous hours of unsung labor, and your devotion to duty. It is the story of the unsung stevedore working in the holds and on the quay sides. It is the story of the weary truck driver with his load of precious cargo moving to the front along strange roads with lights blacked out. It is the story of the duck driver, ferrying vital supplies amid mine-infested waters. It is the story of train and engine crews moving over unknown paths to strange destinations with that same spirit of American railroad man has shown for generations. It is the story of the weary but alert dispatcher, humble section hand, switchman, and dispatch rider, each doing a vital part. It is the story of the back shop, round house and harbor craft crews; grimy, faithful, essential. It is the story of the tug boat crews in strange and dangerous waters, and the story of the RTO at outlying dumps, control points, and stations. It is the story of men and women working long and arduous hours at desks throughout the Theater. In short, it is your story; it is a tribute to you, and you may well take pride in it. Major General, U.S. Army Frank S. Rosshttps://digicom.bpl.lib.me.us/ww_reg_his/1136/thumbnail.jp

Paauglių supratimas apie sveikatos informacijos įvertinimą kaip kritinis jų sveikatos raštingumo komponentas: fenomenografinė studija

This paper reports on a health literacy study that explored adolescents’ conceptualizations of health information appraisal as a social practice in Latvia. The study was guided by phenomenography, a qualitative research approach used to describe people’s conceptions of a particular phenomenon. A purposive, maximum variation sampling was used, and 24 adolescents were recruited to take part in the study, ranging from 13 to 16 year-olds. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken for data collection. A phenomenographic method for data analysis was performed using the guidelines proved by Sandberg. The data analysis presented seven categories of description and an outcome space representing the adolescents’ qualitatively different conceptions of health information appraisal. The implications for health education in school are discussed.Šiame straipsnyje pristatomas sveikatos raštingumo tyrimas, skirtas atskleisti sveikatos informacijos įvertinimą kaip socialinę praktiką tarp paauglių Latvijoje. Tyrimas remiasi fenomenografija kaip kokybinių tyrimų prieiga, pagal kurią aprašomas žmonių supratimas apie konkretų fenomeną. Taikant tikslinę, maksimaliai įvairių atvejų atranką, į šį tyrimą pasirinkta įtraukti dvidešimt keturis 13–16 metų amžiaus paauglius. Tyrimo duomenys surinkti atliekant pusiau struktūruotus interviu, duomenų analizė atlikta remiantis Sandberg rekomendacijomis. Duomenų analizė iškėlė septynias aprašomąsias kategorijas ir atskleidė radinių erdvę, rodančią kokybiškai skirtingą paauglių supratimą apie sveikatos informacijos įvertinimą. Straipsnyje taip pat diskutuojama apie sveikatos švietimo reikšmę mokykloje

Expanding single trace YMS amplitudes with gauge invariant coefficients

In this note, we use the new bottom up method based on soft theorems to construct the expansion of single-trace Yang-Mills-scalar amplitudes recursively. The resulted expansion manifests the gauge invariance for any polarization carried by external gluons, as well as the permutation symmetry among external gluons. Our result is equivalent to that found by Clifford Cheung and James Mangan via the so called covariant color-kinematic duality approach.Comment: 30 pages, 2 figure

RXJ1856.5-3754 and RXJ0720.4-3125 are P-Stars

P-stars are a new class of compact stars made of up and down quarks in $\beta$-equilibrium with electrons in a chromomagnetic condensate. P-stars are able to account for compact stars with $R \lesssim 6 Km$, as well as stars comparable to canonical neutron stars. We show that P-stars once formed are absolutely stable, for they cannot decay into neutron or strange stars. We convincingly argue that the nearest isolated compact stars RXJ1856.5-3754 and RXJ0720.4-3125 could be interpreted as P-stars with $M \simeq 0.8 M_{\bigodot}$ and $R \simeq 5 Km$.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, revised version, to appear in JCA

No detection of large-scale magnetic fields at the surfaces of Am and HgMn stars

We investigate the magnetic dichotomy between Ap/Bp and other A-type stars by carrying out a deep spectropolarimetric study of Am and HgMn stars. Using the NARVAL spectropolarimeter at the Telescope Bernard Lyot (Observatoire du Pic du Midi, France), we obtained high-resolution circular polarisation spectroscopy of 12 Am stars and 3 HgMn stars. Using Least Squares Deconvolution (LSD), no magnetic field is detected in any of the 15 observed stars. Uncertaintiies as low as 0.3 G (respectively 1 G) have been reached for surface-averaged longitudinal magnetic field measurements for Am (respectively HgMn) stars. Associated with the results obtained previously for Ap/Bp stars, our study confirms the existence of a magnetic dichotomy among A-type stars. Our data demonstrate that there is at least one order of magnitude difference in field strength between Zeeman detected stars (Ap/Bp stars) and non Zeeman detected stars (Am and HgMn stars). This result confirms that the spectroscopically-defined Ap/Bp stars are the only A-type stars harbouring detectable large-scale surface magnetic fields.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Properties of massive stars in four clusters of the VVV survey

The evolution of massive stars is only partly understood. Observational constraints can be obtained from the study of massive stars located in young massive clusters. The ESO Public Survey VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) discovered several new clusters hosting massive stars. We present an analysis of massive stars in four of these new clusters. Our aim is to provide constraints on stellar evolution and to better understand the relation between different types of massive stars. We use the radiative transfer code CMFGEN to analyse K-band spectra of twelve stars with spectral types ranging from O and B to WN and WC. We derive the stellar parameters of all targets as well as surface abundances for a subset of them. In the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, the Wolf-Rayet stars are more luminous or hotter than the O stars. From the log(C/N) - log(C/He) diagram, we show quantitatively that WN stars are more chemically evolved than O stars, WC stars being more evolved than WN stars. Mass loss rates among Wolf-Rayet stars are a factor of 10 larger than for O stars, in agreement with previous findings.Comment: paper accepted in New Astronom

J-type Carbon Stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud

A sample of 1497 carbon stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud has been observed in the red part of the spectrum with the 2dF facility on the AAT. Of these, 156 have been identified as J-type (i.e. 13C-rich) carbon stars using a technique which provides a clear distinction between J stars and the normal N-type carbon stars that comprise the bulk of the sample, and yields few borderline cases. A simple 2-D classification of the spectra, based on their spectral slopes in different wavelength regions, has been constructed and found to be related to the more conventional c- and j-indices, modified to suit the spectral regions observed. Most of the J stars form a photometric sequence in the K - (J-K) colour magnitude diagram, parallel to and 0.6 mag fainter than the N star sequence. A subset of the J stars (about 13 per cent) are brighter than this J star sequence; most of these are spectroscopically different from the other J stars. The bright J stars have stronger CN bands than the other J stars and are found strongly concentrated in the central regions of the LMC. Most of the rather few stars in common with Hartwick and Cowley's sample of suspected CH stars are J stars. Overall, the proportion of carbon stars identified as J stars is somewhat lower than has been found in the Galaxy. The Na D lines are weaker in the LMC J stars than in either the Galactic J stars or the LMC N stars, and do not seem to depend on temperature.Comment: 19 pages, 21 figures, Latex; in press, MNRA