Modi bowled them over, but they are fans and not citizens

Mukulika Banerjee reflects on the Indian Prime Minister’s performance at Wembley Stadium last Friday. She writes that the 60,000 strong audience that turned out to see Modi speak during his visit to the UK wants desperately to believe India finally has a leader who will turn around the country’s fortunes and put an end to their sense of shame at its failings

Motivation on Environment Factors among Football Spectators Attendance at Shah Alam Stadium

This study aimed to determine the relationship between motivation and environmental factors among football spectators' attendance at Shah Alam Stadium. A total of 113 respondents were involved in this study. The result showed that the highest mean in the motivation factor is 'identification with subculture', which is 3.98 (SD=0.805). Meanwhile, the highest mean in the stadium environment factor is 'desire to stay with 3.91 (SD=0.777). The result showed a significant relationship between motivation and stadium environment factor with a p-value of 0.00, p<0.01. This empirical data will make a better understanding of the motivation of spectator attendance in stadiums Keywords: Spectators; Motivation; Stadium Environment factor eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7.382

Nonconcentration in partially rectangular billiards

In specific types of partially rectangular billiards we estimate the mass of an eigenfunction of energy $E$ in the region outside the rectangular set in the high-energy limit. We use the adiabatic ansatz to compare the Dirichlet energy form with a second quadratic form for which separation of variables applies. This allows us to use sharp one-dimensional control estimates and to derive the bound assuming that $E$ is not resonating with the Dirichlet spectrum of the rectangular part.Comment: 28 pages, 1 figure; Typos corrected, error in final proof corrected and techniques strengthene

Tourism and culture in Mongolia: the case of Ulaanbaatar Naadam

The chapter discusses the different experiences of the two sets of visitors to the Ulaanbaala Naadan festival, based on a study conducted in 2005, and explores the challenges for this traditional cultural event posed by modern tourism and other forces. It commences with a brief overview of international and domestic tourism in Mongolia. The overview is followed by a review of the origins and history of Naadam as an indigenous cultural festival. The experiences of modern day visitors to the festival from overseas and from Mongolia are then examined and compared, with reference to similarities and differences between the two groups. Finally, the chapter considers issues and future challenges for the festival as a result of the increasing number of international visitors and their expectations of the festival

Contested meanings: The Italian media and the UltraS

Despite their presence in Italian football stadiums, the UltraS have been the subject of limited empirical research. I use the capital S to identify neo-fascist oriented fans to distinguish them from the wider football supporters ultra’ (Testa and Armstrong 2008; Testa 2009; Testa and Armstrong 2010a). This study is part of a series of publications to fill in this lacuna; it is part of an ethnographic research project carried out from 2003 to 2009. The research aimed to analyze the UltraS social world using as a sample two hardcore subculture of fans at the two main Rome football clubs - AS Roma and SS Lazio. With neo-fascist sympathies, these groups -the Boys at Roma and the Irriducibili at Lazio- are political and well-organized (Testa and Armstrong, 2010a). The present paper focuses on the relationship between the UltraS and the Italian media; the media are often considered by the UltraS as enemies because believed to be biased against them. To complement the ethnographic data, three renowned Italian sports journalists were interviewed in 2008. One was Franco Arturi, deputy director of La Gazzetta dello Sport, which is the most established and popular of the Italian sport newspapers. Another was Giuseppe Tassi, a sport journalist and deputy director of Quotidiano.net (internet edition of the Resto del Carlino, La Nazione and Il Giorno editorial group). The third was Gabriele Marcotti, journalist for the British The Times and the popular Italian daily IL Corriere dello Sport. Analysis stresses the importance of media coverage in influencing the UltraS deviant dynamics and suggests, considering the experiences of other European countries, a reduction of media attention towards the UltraS as a strategy to contain this phenomenon