Integral sliding mode control of an extended Heisenberg system

International audienceThis paper deals with the practical robust stabilization and tracking problems of the perturbed multidimensional Heisenberg system with some additional integrators in the control input path. This objective is achieved by the use of variable structure control laws with an integral augmented sliding variable. This note shows how to select the integral sliding surface in such a way that the practical stabilization of the extended Heisenberg system is achieved in spite of the uncertainties and without loss of controllability. Experimental results on a wheeled mobile robot show the performance of the proposed controller for the practical stabilization and tracking problems

Nonlinear Control for Dual Quaternion Systems

The motion of rigid bodies includes three degrees of freedom (DOF) for rotation, generally referred to as roll, pitch and yaw, and 3 DOF for translation, generally described as motion along the x, y and z axis, for a total of 6 DOF. Many complex mechanical systems exhibit this type of motion, with constraints, such as complex humanoid robotic systems, multiple ground vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), multiple spacecraft vehicles, and even quantum mechanical systems. These motions historically have been analyzed independently, with separate control algorithms being developed for rotation and translation. The goal of this research is to study the full 6 DOF of rigid body motion together, developing control algorithms that will affect both rotation and translation simultaneously. This will prove especially beneficial in complex systems in the aerospace and robotics area where translational motion and rotational motion are highly coupled, such as when spacecraft have body fixed thrusters. A novel mathematical system known as dual quaternions provide an efficient method for mathematically modeling rigid body transformations, expressing both rotation and translation. Dual quaternions can be viewed as a representation of the special Euclidean group SE (3). An eight dimensional representation of screw theory (combining dual numbers with traditional quaternions), dual quaternions allow for the development of control techniques for 6 DOF motion simultaneously. In this work variable structure nonlinear control methods are developed for dual quaternion systems. These techniques include use of sliding mode control. In particular, sliding mode methods are developed for use in dual quaternion systems with unknown control direction. This method, referred to as self-reconfigurable control, is based on the creation of multiple equilibrium surfaces for the system in the extended state space. Also in this work, the control problem for a class of driftless nonlinear systems is addressed via coordinate transformation. It is shown that driftless nonlinear systems that do not meet Brockett\u27s conditions for coordinate transformation can be augmented such that they can be transformed into the Brockett\u27s canonical form, which is nonholonomic. It is also shown that the kinematics for quaternion systems can be represented by a nonholonomic integrator. Then, a discontinuous controller designed for nonholonomic systems is applied. Examples of various applications for dual quaternion systems are given including spacecraft attitude and position control and robotics

Perception Based Navigation for Underactuated Robots.

Robot autonomous navigation is a very active field of robotics. In this thesis we propose a hierarchical approach to a class of underactuated robots by composing a collection of local controllers with well understood domains of attraction. We start by addressing the problem of robot navigation with nonholonomic motion constraints and perceptual cues arising from onboard visual servoing in partially engineered environments. We propose a general hybrid procedure that adapts to the constrained motion setting the standard feedback controller arising from a navigation function in the fully actuated case. This is accomplished by switching back and forth between moving "down" and "across" the associated gradient field toward the stable manifold it induces in the constrained dynamics. Guaranteed to avoid obstacles in all cases, we provide conditions under which the new procedure brings initial configurations to within an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the goal. We summarize with simulation results on a sample of visual servoing problems with a few different perceptual models. We document the empirical effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by reporting the results of its application to outdoor autonomous visual registration experiments with the robot RHex guided by engineered beacons. Next we explore the possibility of adapting the resulting first order hybrid feedback controller to its dynamical counterpart by introducing tunable damping terms in the control law. Just as gradient controllers for standard quasi-static mechanical systems give rise to generalized "PD-style" controllers for dynamical versions of those standard systems, we show that it is possible to construct similar "lifts" in the presence of non-holonomic constraints notwithstanding the necessary absence of point attractors. Simulation results corroborate the proposed lift. Finally we present an implementation of a fully autonomous navigation application for a legged robot. The robot adapts its leg trajectory parameters by recourse to a discrete gradient descent algorithm, while managing its experiments and outcome measurements autonomously via the navigation visual servoing algorithms proposed in this thesis.Ph.D.Electrical Engineering: SystemsUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58412/1/glopes_1.pd

Lectures on Mechanics

Publisher's description: The use of geometric methods in classical mechanics has proven fruitful, with wide applications in physics and engineering. In this book, Professor Marsden concentrates on these geometric aspects, especially on symmetry techniques. The main points he covers are: the stability of relative equilibria, which is analyzed using the block diagonalization technique; geometric phases, studied using the reduction and reconstruction technique; and bifurcation of relative equilibria and chaos in mechanical systems. A unifying theme for these points is provided by reduction theory, the associated mechanical connection and techniques from dynamical systems. These methods can be applied to many control and stabilization situations, and this is illustrated using rigid bodies with internal rotors, and the use of geometric phases in mechanical systems. To illustrate the above ideas and the power of geometric arguments, the author studies a variety of specific systems, including the double spherical pendulum and the classical rotating water molecule

The Euler-Poincaré equations and double bracket dissipation

This paper studies the perturbation of a Lie-Poisson (or, equivalently an Euler-Poincaré) system by a special dissipation term that has Brockett's double bracket form. We show that a formally unstable equilibrium of the unperturbed system becomes a spectrally and hence nonlinearly unstable equilibrium after the perturbation is added. We also investigate the geometry of this dissipation mechanism and its relation to Rayleigh dissipation functions. This work complements our earlier work (Bloch, Krishnaprasad, Marsden and Ratiu [1991, 1994]) in which we studied the corresponding problem for systems with symmetry with the dissipation added to the internal variables; here it is added directly to the group or Lie algebra variables. The mechanisms discussed here include a number of interesting examples of physical interest such as the Landau-Lifschitz equations for ferromagnetism, certain models for dissipative rigid body dynamics and geophysical fluids, and certain relative equilibria in plasma physics and stellar dynamics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46491/1/220_2005_Article_BF02101622.pd