50,799 research outputs found
Spreading Processes over Socio-Technical Networks with Phase-Type Transmissions
Most theoretical tools available for the analysis of spreading processes over
networks assume exponentially distributed transmission and recovery times. In
practice, the empirical distribution of transmission times for many real
spreading processes, such as the spread of web content through the Internet,
are far from exponential. To bridge this gap between theory and practice, we
propose a methodology to model and analyze spreading processes with arbitrary
transmission times using phase-type distributions. Phase-type distributions are
a family of distributions that is dense in the set of positive-valued
distributions and can be used to approximate any given distributions. To
illustrate our methodology, we focus on a popular model of spreading over
networks: the susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) networked model. In the
standard version of this model, individuals informed about a piece of
information transmit this piece to its neighbors at an exponential rate. In
this paper, we extend this model to the case of transmission rates following a
phase-type distribution. Using this extended model, we analyze the dynamics of
the spread based on a vectorial representations of phase-type distributions. We
illustrate our results by analyzing spreading processes over networks with
transmission and recovery rates following a Weibull distribution
The Effect of Disease-induced Mortality on Structural Network Properties
As the understanding of the importance of social contact networks in the
spread of infectious diseases has increased, so has the interest in
understanding the feedback process of the disease altering the social network.
While many studies have explored the influence of individual epidemiological
parameters and/or underlying network topologies on the resulting disease
dynamics, we here provide a systematic overview of the interactions between
these two influences on population-level disease outcomes. We show that the
sensitivity of the population-level disease outcomes to the combination of
epidemiological parameters that describe the disease are critically dependent
on the topological structure of the population's contact network. We introduce
a new metric for assessing disease-driven structural damage to a network as a
population-level outcome. Lastly, we discuss how the expected individual-level
disease burden is influenced by the complete suite of epidemiological
characteristics for the circulating disease and the ongoing process of network
compromise. Our results have broad implications for prediction and mitigation
of outbreaks in both natural and human populations.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure
Epidemic processes in complex networks
In recent years the research community has accumulated overwhelming evidence
for the emergence of complex and heterogeneous connectivity patterns in a wide
range of biological and sociotechnical systems. The complex properties of
real-world networks have a profound impact on the behavior of equilibrium and
nonequilibrium phenomena occurring in various systems, and the study of
epidemic spreading is central to our understanding of the unfolding of
dynamical processes in complex networks. The theoretical analysis of epidemic
spreading in heterogeneous networks requires the development of novel
analytical frameworks, and it has produced results of conceptual and practical
relevance. A coherent and comprehensive review of the vast research activity
concerning epidemic processes is presented, detailing the successful
theoretical approaches as well as making their limits and assumptions clear.
Physicists, mathematicians, epidemiologists, computer, and social scientists
share a common interest in studying epidemic spreading and rely on similar
models for the description of the diffusion of pathogens, knowledge, and
innovation. For this reason, while focusing on the main results and the
paradigmatic models in infectious disease modeling, the major results
concerning generalized social contagion processes are also presented. Finally,
the research activity at the forefront in the study of epidemic spreading in
coevolving, coupled, and time-varying networks is reported.Comment: 62 pages, 15 figures, final versio
Dynamical Systems on Networks: A Tutorial
We give a tutorial for the study of dynamical systems on networks. We focus
especially on "simple" situations that are tractable analytically, because they
can be very insightful and provide useful springboards for the study of more
complicated scenarios. We briefly motivate why examining dynamical systems on
networks is interesting and important, and we then give several fascinating
examples and discuss some theoretical results. We also briefly discuss
dynamical systems on dynamical (i.e., time-dependent) networks, overview
software implementations, and give an outlook on the field.Comment: 39 pages, 1 figure, submitted, more examples and discussion than
original version, some reorganization and also more pointers to interesting
direction
Dynamics of interacting diseases
Current modeling of infectious diseases allows for the study of complex and
realistic scenarios that go from the population to the individual level of
description. However, most epidemic models assume that the spreading process
takes place on a single level (be it a single population, a meta-population
system or a network of contacts). In particular, interdependent contagion
phenomena can only be addressed if we go beyond the scheme one pathogen-one
network. In this paper, we propose a framework that allows describing the
spreading dynamics of two concurrent diseases. Specifically, we characterize
analytically the epidemic thresholds of the two diseases for different
scenarios and also compute the temporal evolution characterizing the unfolding
dynamics. Results show that there are regions of the parameter space in which
the onset of a disease's outbreak is conditioned to the prevalence levels of
the other disease. Moreover, we show, for the SIS scheme, that under certain
circumstances, finite and not vanishing epidemic thresholds are found even at
the thermodynamic limit for scale-free networks. For the SIR scenario, the
phenomenology is richer and additional interdependencies show up. We also find
that the secondary thresholds for the SIS and SIR models are different, which
results directly from the interaction between both diseases. Our work thus
solve an important problem and pave the way towards a more comprehensive
description of the dynamics of interacting diseases.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, 3 appendices. Final version accepted
for publication in Physical Review
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