4,682 research outputs found
Tinbergen and Theil Meet Nash: Controllability in Policy Games
This paper generalizes the classical theory of economic policy to a static LQ-strategic context between n players. We show how this generalized version of controllability can profitably be used to deal with policy ineffectiveness issues and Nash equilibrium existence.Policy games, policy ineffectiveness, static controllability, Nash equilibrium existence
Evolutionary game theory: Temporal and spatial effects beyond replicator dynamics
Evolutionary game dynamics is one of the most fruitful frameworks for
studying evolution in different disciplines, from Biology to Economics. Within
this context, the approach of choice for many researchers is the so-called
replicator equation, that describes mathematically the idea that those
individuals performing better have more offspring and thus their frequency in
the population grows. While very many interesting results have been obtained
with this equation in the three decades elapsed since it was first proposed, it
is important to realize the limits of its applicability. One particularly
relevant issue in this respect is that of non-mean-field effects, that may
arise from temporal fluctuations or from spatial correlations, both neglected
in the replicator equation. This review discusses these temporal and spatial
effects focusing on the non-trivial modifications they induce when compared to
the outcome of replicator dynamics. Alongside this question, the hypothesis of
linearity and its relation to the choice of the rule for strategy update is
also analyzed. The discussion is presented in terms of the emergence of
cooperation, as one of the current key problems in Biology and in other
disciplines.Comment: Review, 48 pages, 26 figure
Defection and extortion as unexpected catalysts of unconditional cooperation in structured populations
We study the evolution of cooperation in the spatial prisoner's dilemma game,
where besides unconditional cooperation and defection, tit-for-tat,
win-stay-lose-shift and extortion are the five competing strategies. While
pairwise imitation fails to sustain unconditional cooperation and extortion
regardless of game parametrization, myopic updating gives rise to the
coexistence of all five strategies if the temptation to defect is sufficiently
large or if the degree distribution of the interaction network is
heterogeneous. This counterintuitive evolutionary outcome emerges as a result
of an unexpected chain of strategy invasions. Firstly, defectors emerge and
coarsen spontaneously among players adopting win-stay-lose-shift. Secondly,
extortioners and players adopting tit-for-tat emerge and spread via neutral
drift among the emerged defectors. And lastly, among the extortioners,
cooperators become viable too. These recurrent evolutionary invasions yield a
five-strategy phase that is stable irrespective of the system size and the
structure of the interaction network, and they reveal the most unexpected
mechanism that stabilizes extortion and cooperation in an evolutionary setting.Comment: 7 two-column pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in Scientific
Reports [related work available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.8294
Evolutionary games on graphs
Game theory is one of the key paradigms behind many scientific disciplines
from biology to behavioral sciences to economics. In its evolutionary form and
especially when the interacting agents are linked in a specific social network
the underlying solution concepts and methods are very similar to those applied
in non-equilibrium statistical physics. This review gives a tutorial-type
overview of the field for physicists. The first three sections introduce the
necessary background in classical and evolutionary game theory from the basic
definitions to the most important results. The fourth section surveys the
topological complications implied by non-mean-field-type social network
structures in general. The last three sections discuss in detail the dynamic
behavior of three prominent classes of models: the Prisoner's Dilemma, the
Rock-Scissors-Paper game, and Competing Associations. The major theme of the
review is in what sense and how the graph structure of interactions can modify
and enrich the picture of long term behavioral patterns emerging in
evolutionary games.Comment: Review, final version, 133 pages, 65 figure
The (in)finite horizon open-loop Nash LQ Game: An application to EMU
game theory;Nash equilibrium;EMS
A survey on the analysis and control of evolutionary matrix games
In support of the growing interest in how to efficiently influence complex systems of interacting self interested agents, we present this review of fundamental concepts, emerging research, and open problems related to the analysis and control of evolutionary matrix games, with particular emphasis on applications in social, economic, and biological networks. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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