GALACTICOIN: A new revenue stream for Real Madrid based on blockchain technology

White paper.SUMMARY: Football is indeed a beautiful game, and its appeal is unrivaled. This industry continues its pace as one of the fastest markets in the world and during the last years, the way clubs interact and engage with the fans has changed significantly due to digital transformation (KPMG, 2018a, pp.3), and the behavior of the new millennial generation. Likewise, fans and football supporters are looking to connect with their clubs and players, that’s why the participation on social media networks has increased, as well as the use of different technologies to enhance a better and personalized customer experience. Considering Real Madrid, as one of the leaders in the industry and the most valuable in terms of digital, how the club will face the fast development of technology to create a closer bonding with the upcoming generations? The current report is structured within five parts to provide an exciting project proposal that might boost the club’s potential, finding a solution to reach this challenging target market. The first part focuses on the situation analysis of the football industry and key industry trends plus an overall overview about Real Madrid (revenue, brand value, fans, digital strategy) introducing a current challenge the club is facing: Santiago Bernabéu renovation. Based on Real Madrid’s stadium case, the second part states the objectives and strategic planning to find a solution for the club through a new revenue stream based on a disruptive technology: the blockchain. For instance, the third part explains this technology and its advantages through a real example. Then, the report introduces the concept that the current project proposes: the Galácticoin for Real Madrid. The idea will be explained in detail, with all its benefits, timeline and the expected revenues. Finally, the document presents the conclusions based on a finance, brand value and fans perspective, according to the project objectives; the team chart description, advisors and references consulted

Co-opetition models for governing professional football

In recent years, models for co-creating value in a business-to-business context have often been examined with the aim of studying the strategies implemented by and among organisations for competitive and co-operative purposes. The traditional concepts of competition and co-operation between businesses have now evolved, both in terms of the sector in which the businesses operate and in terms of the type of goods they produce. Many researchers have, in recent times, investigated the determinants that can influence the way in which the model of co-opetition can be applied to the football world. Research interest lies in the particular features of what makes a good football. In this paper, the aim is to conduct an analysis of the rules governing the “football system”, while also looking at the determinants of the demand function within football entertainment. This entails applying to football match management the co-opetition model, a recognised model that combines competition and co-operation with the view of creating and distributing value. It can, therefore, be said that, for a spectator, watching sport is an experience of high suspense, and this suspense, in turn, depends upon the degree of uncertainty in the outcome. It follows that the rules ensuring that both these elements can be satisfied are a fertile ground for co-operation between clubs, as it is in the interest of all stakeholders to offer increasingly more attractive football, in comparison with other competing products. Our end purpose is to understand how co-opetition can be achieved within professional football

New Perspectives in Sports Economics: The European View

sports economics

The Size and Scope of the Sports Industry in the United States

We estimate the economic scope of the sports industry in the United States. Drawing on a variety of data sources, we investigate the economic size of sport participation, sports viewing, and the supply and demand side of the sports market in the United States. Estimates of the size of the sports industry based on aggregate demand and aggregate supply range from $44 to$73 billion in 2005. In addition, participation in sports and the opportunity time cost of attending sporting events are important, but hard to value, components of the industry.sports economics

Łódź as an Arena of Grand Sports Events: Selected Examples

The paper presents Łódź as a city where major sports events are held. Several sports facilities are featured which make it possible to organize various kinds of events, including international ones. In recent years, based on the existing infrastructure, several such events, for instance European or world championships, have been held in Łódź. The city is also perceived as a leading centre for volleyball competitions (league matches, Champions League, World League, European Championship, World Championship)

SPORTS SPONSORSHIP � MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

Sport sponsorship represents, nowadays, an indispensable way of attracting additional funds that grants sports development, an important factor in the very existence of sports entities, sportsmen and sports events. That is why sponsorship aims at occupying a first�rate place in sports organizations� marketing activity. It is also an important means of communication that allows companies to promote their brand or products by associating them with sport events. In Romania the Law of sponsorship had, in the course of time, since the overthrow of communism in 1989, an agitated history characterised by repeated changes that several decrees came to pass. Besides general aspects related to sports sponsorship the article discusses this issue too.sponsorship, sports, sponsor, sponsored organization, sports event

‘More than just a game’: family and spectacle in marketing the England Women’s Super League

The Women’s Super League (WSL) is the first semi-professional women’s football league in England and the Football Association (FA) is central to reproducing its values and practices. This study employed observation at WSL matches and interviews with personnel involved in the League to identify how the FA conceptualised the WSL as a product in its first 3 years. The study found that the elite club game’s existing audience was alienated by the FA’s articulation of a heteronormative family target audience of young girls and their fathers. An overriding concern also appeared to be providing a commercialised matchday experience that goes beyond the game itself, situating the match at the periphery of broader entertainment. We argue that in positioning the WSL as a niche and new entertainment product, thereby eradicating the pre-WSL history of the elite club game, the FA has constructed women’s football as inherently distinct from, and inferior to, men’s football, negating any perceived threat to the wider gender order within the sport

The role of e-marketing as in specific contexts of sports tourism

Athletics is a sport that is going through several difficulties in Portugal, essentially at the financial level, since support and sponsorships are less and less, blocking the construction of financial sustainability, which is reflected in a reduction of medals won in international competitions. Thus, the application of sports and e-marketing to athletics becomes essential, as it will allow us to understand what consumers want, create attachment and paying attention to their preferences, habits and interests. The aim is to promote athletics in Portugal, to provide an increase in the number of sports tourists. The methodology based on the observation of competitions, conducting interviews applied to the study. From the results of this research, it is concluded that athletics disciplines do not meet an adequate e-marketing strategy, with low dissemination in the media. With a focus on some athletics clubs of Portugal and in the Athletics Federation of Portugal, this research aims to contribute to perspectives in the connection between e-marketing and sports tourism, applying specifically to a case study: athletics in Portugal.UNIAG, R&D unit funded by the FCT – Portuguese Foundation for the Development of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education. Project no. UIDB/04752/2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

"Globalised sports in a historical perspective"

The great interest in Asia for European, male football is an expression of globalised sports. Here globalisation and processes of globalisation stands for the economical, social and cultural processes, which link and affect globally. Global capitalism created a world hegemony. As a consequence the hegemonic power of the western world (including Japan) until now will be the norm of interpretation. A precondition for the development of globalised sports as an industry of entertainment is the developing of a global infrastructure - especially in the shape of cable and satellite television. This infra structure, developed in the 80s and 90s, made it possible to worldwide watching of Olympic games, European Championships and World Championships in male football. The expansion of media played an important role for especially European football being global. The heavy interest was capitalized in the rights of broadcasting, which rapidly became substantial costly as the requests on the market grew. Global attention made well-known athletics as the British footballer David Beckham becoming symbols of public relations twinning sports, entertainment and advertising in their brand names. Also the leading football clubs (or entertainment enterprises) as Manchester United and Barcelona became actors on a global commercial market. The season 1992/93 the Champions League became a formidable success. On the expanding broadcasting market the prime European football soon became a global matter. The combination of TV-rights and the logic of competition and success resulted in strengthening of the already economically strong clubs, which made them even more successful both sporting and economically. The broadcasting rights play an important role in the formation of the leading clubs as profitdriven companies. Financially strong interests of owners now compete of purchasing clubs in the British Premier League. Another consequence of the global infra structure were the effects on the conditions of the labour market of sports. The new economical preconditions created assumptions for them to buy the best players on the market. The direction of the mobility from the economical periphery to the economical centre implies that the players move to Western Europe and the leading leagues there. The processes of globalisation got many cultural consequences. Traditionalistic reactions in the Western World resulted in growing national and specific local identities. Sports are important fields for the interpretation of these identities. The use of national symbols connected to sports has been more common. Firsthand supporting the national team has become more common. The interest from media has increast distinctly. The national celebration of the successes has increased - especially in the form of celebrating the heroes in a carnivalesque way. The local identities are mostly expressed as the cultures of supporters. Hooliganism is an extreme form of this, which heavily has affected European male football. Hooliganism is a social problem, but when comes to the audience's behaviour it is a relative marginal phenomenon. Historically the male football interpreted class and local identities. As a result of this processes the audience was considered as an uncontrolled mass, which express community, carnival and ritual with tifon's, supporting chants and songs. Hooliganism has existed all through the football's history, as one undercurrent. It got increased attention after England's victory in the World Championships of 1966. As a consequence of the mediated interest modern British style of football hooliganism in 1971 came to Sweden. In the 90s the problem grew, when the hooligan firms expanded. But, the historical perspective shows that the western problem with hooliganism is old and cannot be distinguished from the practice of football. The violent European fans treat the British hooligans as role-models, which inspired them and told them how to develop their own culture. The hooligans also are inspired by the increasing media coverage of football related violence.

Howzat? The Financial Health of English Cricket: Not Out, Yet

In 1997 a review of the financial health of English county cricket highlighted strategic weaknesses within the professional game, principally an over-reliance by clubs on the annual grants provided to them by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB). Without such grants the teams, in general terms, would be insolvent. Using the financial statements of the First Class Cricket Counties, this paper explores how the financial position and performance of the county game has changed, 20 years on from the seminal study. A series of structural changes to the game had been made, yet financial problems are still evident. Counties are as reliant on central grant income as they were in 1997, although there are cases where clubs have made strategic enhancements and are becoming self-sustainable as going concerns. Rather than the ECB directly funding county revenue it should be working in collaboration with individual clubs to achieve developments in the game from the grassroots upwards, in order to help clubs grow their own revenue streams.</jats:p