Spent convictions and the architecture for establishing legal semantic workflows

This research was partially funded by the Data to Decisions Cooperative Research Centre (D2D CRC, Australia), and Meta-Rule of Law (DER2016- 78108-P, Spain)Operating within the Data to Decision Cooperative Research Centre (D2D CRC), the authors are currently involved in the Integrated Law Enforcement program and the Compliance through Design project. These have the goal of developing a federated data platform for law enforcement agencies that will enable the execution of integrated analytics on data accessed from different external and internal sources, thereby providing effective support to an investigator or analyst working to evaluate evidence and manage lines of inquiries in an investigation. Technical solutions should also operate ethically, in compliance with the law and subject to good governance principles. This paper is focused on the Australian spent convictions scheme, which provide use cases to test the platform

Designing Data Spaces

This open access book provides a comprehensive view on data ecosystems and platform economics from methodical and technological foundations up to reports from practical implementations and applications in various industries. To this end, the book is structured in four parts: Part I “Foundations and Contexts” provides a general overview about building, running, and governing data spaces and an introduction to the IDS and GAIA-X projects. Part II “Data Space Technologies” subsequently details various implementation aspects of IDS and GAIA-X, including eg data usage control, the usage of blockchain technologies, or semantic data integration and interoperability. Next, Part III describes various “Use Cases and Data Ecosystems” from various application areas such as agriculture, healthcare, industry, energy, and mobility. Part IV eventually offers an overview of several “Solutions and Applications”, eg including products and experiences from companies like Google, SAP, Huawei, T-Systems, Innopay and many more. Overall, the book provides professionals in industry with an encompassing overview of the technological and economic aspects of data spaces, based on the International Data Spaces and Gaia-X initiatives. It presents implementations and business cases and gives an outlook to future developments. In doing so, it aims at proliferating the vision of a social data market economy based on data spaces which embrace trust and data sovereignty

AXMEDIS 2008

The AXMEDIS International Conference series aims to explore all subjects and topics related to cross-media and digital-media content production, processing, management, standards, representation, sharing, protection and rights management, to address the latest developments and future trends of the technologies and their applications, impacts and exploitation. The AXMEDIS events offer venues for exchanging concepts, requirements, prototypes, research ideas, and findings which could contribute to academic research and also benefit business and industrial communities. In the Internet as well as in the digital era, cross-media production and distribution represent key developments and innovations that are fostered by emergent technologies to ensure better value for money while optimising productivity and market coverage

A Guide to Distributed Digital Preservation

This volume is devoted to the broad topic of distributed digital preservation, a still-emerging field of practice for the cultural memory arena. Replication and distribution hold out the promise of indefinite preservation of materials without degradation, but establishing effective organizational and technical processes to enable this form of digital preservation is daunting. Institutions need practical examples of how this task can be accomplished in manageable, low-cost ways."--P. [4] of cove

Finding a Cure: The Case for Regulation and Oversight of Electronic Health Record Systems

In the foreseeable future, it is likely that the familiar, paper-based patient medical files will become a thing of the past. On April 26, 24, President George W. Bush announced a plan to ensure that all Americans\u27 health records are computerized within ten years and to establish a National Health Information Network. Many advocates are enthusiastically promoting the adoption of health information technology (HIT) and electronic health record (HER) systems as a means to improve U.S. health care. HER systems often not only serve as record-keeping systems, but also have multiple capabilities, including drug ordering, decision support, alerts concerning patient allergies and potential drug interactions, reminders concerning routine tests, and various treatment management and data analysis tools. Because these capabilities require sophisticated software, significant risks of software failure exist, which can lead to life-threatening medical errors. Thus far, scholars have not provided a comprehensive assessment of the benefits and risks of this complex technology and evaluated the need for careful regulatory oversight akin to that required, in principle, by the FDA for life-critical medical devices. This paper begins to fill that gap. It analyzes HER systems from both legal and technical perspectives and focuses on how the law can be used as a tool to promote HIT. It is the first law journal article to provide an extensive proposal for regulations to maximize the technology\u27s benefits and reliability. We argue that the advantages of HER systems will outweigh their risks only if these systems are developed and maintained with rigorous adherence to best software engineering and medical informatics practices. To ensure that these goals are achieved, regulatory intervention is needed. The paper carefully delineates recommendations that address the questions of who should regulate HER systems and how they should be regulated, including their approval and continual monitoring. It also proposes requirements for several significant features, including decision support mechanisms, audit trails, and interoperability. Because HER systems are safety-critical, the public\u27s health and welfare will depend upon their effective oversight

Finding a Cure: The Case for Regulation and Oversight of Electronic Health Record Systems

In the foreseeable future, it is likely that the familiar, paper-based patient medical files will become a thing of the past. On April 26, 24, President George W. Bush announced a plan to ensure that all Americans\u27 health records are computerized within ten years and to establish a National Health Information Network. Many advocates are enthusiastically promoting the adoption of health information technology (HIT) and electronic health record (HER) systems as a means to improve U.S. health care. HER systems often not only serve as record-keeping systems, but also have multiple capabilities, including drug ordering, decision support, alerts concerning patient allergies and potential drug interactions, reminders concerning routine tests, and various treatment management and data analysis tools. Because these capabilities require sophisticated software, significant risks of software failure exist, which can lead to life-threatening medical errors. Thus far, scholars have not provided a comprehensive assessment of the benefits and risks of this complex technology and evaluated the need for careful regulatory oversight akin to that required, in principle, by the FDA for life-critical medical devices. This paper begins to fill that gap. It analyzes HER systems from both legal and technical perspectives and focuses on how the law can be used as a tool to promote HIT. It is the first law journal article to provide an extensive proposal for regulations to maximize the technology\u27s benefits and reliability. We argue that the advantages of HER systems will outweigh their risks only if these systems are developed and maintained with rigorous adherence to best software engineering and medical informatics practices. To ensure that these goals are achieved, regulatory intervention is needed. The paper carefully delineates recommendations that address the questions of who should regulate HER systems and how they should be regulated, including their approval and continual monitoring. It also proposes requirements for several significant features, including decision support mechanisms, audit trails, and interoperability. Because HER systems are safety-critical, the public\u27s health and welfare will depend upon their effective oversight

CItyMaker

Due to its complexity, the evolution of cities is something that is difficult to predict and planning new developments for cities is therefore a difficult task. This complexity can be identified on two levels: on a micro level, it emerges from the multiple relations between the many components and actors in cities, whereas on a macro level it stems from the geographical, social and economic relations between cities. However, many of these relations can be measured. The design of plans for cities can only be improved if designers are able to address measurements of some of the relationships between the components of cities during the design process. These measurements are called urban indicators. By calculating such measurements, designers can grasp the meaning of the changes being proposed, not just as simple alternative layouts, but also in terms of the changes in indicators adding a qualitative perception. This thesis presents a method and a set of tools to generate alternative solutions for an urban context. The method proposes the use of a combined set of design patterns encoding typical design moves used by urban designers. The combination of patterns generates different layouts which can be adjusted by manipulating several parameters in relation to updated urban indicators. The patterns were developed from observation of typical urban design procedures, first encoded as discursive grammars and later translated into parametric design patterns. The CItyMaker method and tools allows the designer to compose a design solution from a set of programmatic premises and fine-tune it by pulling parameters whilst checking the changes in urban indicators. These tools improve the designer’s awareness of the consequences of their design moves

CItyMaker:

Due to its complexity, the evolution of cities is something that is difficult to predict and planning new developments for cities is therefore a difficult task. This complexity can be identified on two levels: on a micro level, it emerges from the multiple relations between the many components and actors in cities, whereas on a macro level it stems from the geographical, social and economic relations between cities. However, many of these relations can be measured. The design of plans for cities can only be improved if designers are able to address measurements of some of the relationships between the components of cities during the design process. These measurements are called urban indicators. By calculating such measurements, designers can grasp the meaning of the changes being proposed, not just as simple alternative layouts, but also in terms of the changes in indicators adding a qualitative perception. This thesis presents a method and a set of tools to generate alternative solutions for an urban context. The method proposes the use of a combined set of design patterns encoding typical design moves used by urban designers. The combination of patterns generates different layouts which can be adjusted by manipulating several parameters in relation to updated urban indicators. The patterns were developed from observation of typical urban design procedures, first encoded as discursive grammars and later translated into parametric design patterns. The CItyMaker method and tools allows the designer to compose a design solution from a set of programmatic premises and fine-tune it by pulling parameters whilst checking the changes in urban indicators. These tools improve the designer’s awareness of the consequences of their design moves

Semantic discovery and reuse of business process patterns

Patterns currently play an important role in modern information systems (IS) development and their use has mainly been restricted to the design and implementation phases of the development lifecycle. Given the increasing significance of business modelling in IS development, patterns have the potential of providing a viable solution for promoting reusability of recurrent generalized models in the very early stages of development. As a statement of research-in-progress this paper focuses on business process patterns and proposes an initial methodological framework for the discovery and reuse of business process patterns within the IS development lifecycle. The framework borrows ideas from the domain engineering literature and proposes the use of semantics to drive both the discovery of patterns as well as their reuse