13 research outputs found

    Design, simulation and implementation of a PID vector control for EHVPMSM for an automobile with hybrid technology

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    This work proposes a Model design simulation and implementation of a novel engine of an Electric Hybrid Vehicle of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (EHVPMSM) based on field oriented vector control. The experimental analysis was carried out using: automotive motor control MTRCKTSPS5604P, 3-Phase PMSM coded of a single Motor Control Kit with MPC5604P MCU and simulation with Simulink. Therefore, the direct torque control can be obtained by adjusting the magnitude and phase angle of the stator flux linkage to match the vector torque required by the load as fast as possible. This eradicates the stress of charging the vehicle battery. It automatically charges when it is connected to the main supply of the EHVPMSM. The electromagnetic torque can be increased from 0 Nm to 6.7 Nm in approximately 340 μs. The response of speed transient was from −2100 rpm to +2100 rpm in 100 ms of 6.7 Nm torque limit. This is a novel way of conserving the energy consumption in a vehicle, which conserves space and weight and minimizes cost as it is simply done with low-cost materials. In this research, a new mathematical model is proposed for the direct and quadrature axis of the current to control the speed mechanism for the engine. Computer simulation ensures experimental validation of the system with a percentage error of 4.5%. The methodology employed to control the system was with the use of various sensors and software controller, this can be easily implemented in industry and institutional laboratory of learning. Keywords: Permanent magnet machines, PID, EHVPMSM, Vector control, Hybrid vehicl

    A New Open Loop Approach for Identifying the Initial Rotor Position of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

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    The precision of initial rotor position detection is critical for the start and running performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This work describes a new open loop approach for identifying the initial position of a PMSM with an incremental encoder, even when a constant load torque is being applied. By giving a testing current with high frequency to the stator winding, the initial rotor position of a PMSM can be detected with reasonable accuracy. The rotor almost does not move during the process of identification. The FFT algorithms are used to remove the phase bias effects in identification. Our approach is quicker and simpler than the conventional approaches

    Disturbance/uncertainty estimation and attenuation techniques in PMSM drives–a survey

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    This paper gives a comprehensive overview on disturbance/uncertainty estimation and attenuation (DUEA) techniques in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. Various disturbances and uncertainties in PMSM and also other alternating current (AC) motor drives are first reviewed which shows they have different behaviors and appear in different control loops of the system. The existing DUEA and other relevant control methods in handling disturbances and uncertainties widely used in PMSM drives, and their latest developments are then discussed and summarized. It also provides in-depth analysis of the relationship between these advanced control methods in the context of PMSM systems. When dealing with uncertainties,it is shown that DUEA has a different but complementary mechanism to widely used robust control and adaptive control. The similarities and differences in disturbance attenuation of DUEA and other promising methods such as internal model control and output regulation theory have been analyzed in detail. The wide applications of these methods in different AC motor drives (in particular in PMSM drives) are categorized and summarized. Finally the paper ends with the discussion on future directions in this area

    A Review of Control Techniques for Wind Energy Conversion System

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    Wind energy is the most efficient and advanced form of renewable energy (RE) in recent decades, and an effective controller is required to regulate the power generated by wind energy. This study provides an overview of state-of-the-art control strategies for wind energy conversion systems (WECS). Studies on the pitch angle controller, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, the machine side controller (MSC), and the grid side controller (GSC) are reviewed and discussed. Related works are analyzed, including evolution, software used, input and output parameters, specifications, merits, and limitations of different control techniques. The analysis shows that better performance can be obtained by the adaptive and soft-computing based pitch angle controller and MPPT controller, the field-oriented control for MSC, and the voltage-oriented control for GSC. This study provides an appropriate benchmark for further wind energy research

    Speed Sensorless Control with ANN and Fuzzy PI Adaptation Mechanism for Induction Motor Drive

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    In the speed sensorless induction motor drives system, the Rotor Flux based Model Reference Adaptive System (RF-MRAS) is the most common strategy. It suffers from parameter sensitivity and flux pure integration problems. As a result, it leads to the deterioration of speed estimation. Simultaneously, the traditional PI parameters design may cause speed estimation instability or have gross errors in the regenerative mode. To overcome above-mentioned problems, a suitable Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is presented to replace the reference model of the RF-MRAS. Furthermore, the ANN learning by the modified ACO can enhance the ANN convergence speed and avoids the trap of local minimum value of algorithm. In the meantime, a fuzzy PI adaptation mechanism is also put forward, so the proportional coefficient kp and the integral coefficient ki can be adjusted dynamically to adapt the speed variations. Finally, the simulation results suggest that the speed estimation is more accurate in both the dynamic and static process, and the stability of speed estimation in regenerative mode was improved

    Development and implementation of various speed controllers for wide speed range operation of IPMSM drive / by Md Muminul Islam Chy.

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    Despite many advantageous features of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), the precise speed control of an IPMSM drive becomes a complex issue due to nonlinear coupling among its winding currents and the rotor speed as well as the nonlinearity present in the electromagnetic developed torque due to magnetic saturation of the rotor core particularly, at high speeds (above rated speed). Fast and accurate response, quick recovery of speed from any disturbances and insensitivity to parameter variations are some of the important characteristics of high performance drive system used in robotics, rolling mills, traction and spindle drives. The conventional controllers such as PI, PID are sensitive to plant parameter variations and load disturbance. For the purpose of obtaining high dynamic performance, recently researchers developed several non-linear as well as intelligent controllers. Most of the reported works on controller design of IPMSM took an assumption of d-axis stator current (i[subscript d]) equal to zero in order to simplify the development of the controller. However, with this assumption it is not possible to control the motor above the rated speed and the reluctance torque of IPMSM can not be utilized efficiently. Furthermore, this assumption leads to an erroneous result for motor at all operating conditions. In this thesis, some controllers are developed for the IPMSM drive system incorporating the flux-weakening technique in order to control the motor above the rated speed. A detailed analysis of the flux control based on various operating regions is also provided in this thesis. In order to get the optimum efficiency, an adaptive backstepping based nonlinear control scheme incorporating flux control for an IPM synchronous motor drive is taken into account at the design stage of the controller. Thus, the proposed adaptive nonlinear backstepping controller is capable of conserving the system robustness and stability against all mechanical parameters variation and external load torque disturbance. To ensure stability the controller is designed based on Lyapunov's stability theory. A novel fuzzy logic controller (FLC) including both torque and flux control is also developed in this work. The proposed FLC overcomes the unknown and nonlinear uncertainties of the drive and controls the motor over a wide speed range. For further improvement of the FLC structure, the membership function of the controller is tuned online. An integral part of this work is directed to develop an adaptive-network based fuzzy interference system (ANFIS) based neuro fuzzy logic controller. In this work, an adaptive tuning algorithm is also developed to adjust the membership function and consequent parameters. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed IPMSM drive, at first simulation model is developed using Matlab/Simulink. Then the complete IPMSM drive incorporating various control algorithms have been successfully implemented using digital signal processor (DSP) controller board-DSI104 for a laboratory 5 hp motor. The effectiveness of the proposed drive is verified both in simulation and experiment at different operating conditions. The results show the robustness of the drive and it's potentiality to apply for real-time industrial drive application. This thesis also provides through knowledge about development and various speed real-time applications of controllers for IPMSM drive, which will be useful for researchers and practicing engineers

    High performance position control for permanent magnet synchronous drives

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    In the design and test of electric drive control systems, computer simulations provide a useful way to verify the correctness and efficiency of various schemes and control algorithms before the final system is actually constructed, therefore, development time and associated costs are reduced. Nevertheless, the transition from the simulation stage to the actual implementation has to be as straightforward as possible. This document presents the design and implementation of a position control system for permanent magnet synchronous drives, including a review and comparison of various related works about non-linear control systems applied to this type of machine. The overall electric drive control system is simulated and tested in Proteus VSM software which is able to simulate the interaction between the firmware running on a microcontroller and analogue circuits connected to it. The dsPIC33FJ32MC204 is used as the target processor to implement the control algorithms. The electric drive model is developed using elements existing in the Proteus VSM library. As in any high performance electric drive system, field oriented control is applied to achieve accurate torque control. The complete control system is distributed in three control loops, namely torque, speed and position. A standard PID control system, and a hybrid control system based on fuzzy logic are implemented and tested. The natural variation of motor parameters, such as winding resistance and magnetic flux are also simulated. Comparisons between the two control schemes are carried out for speed and position using different error measurements, such as, integral square error, integral absolute error and root mean squared error. Comparison results show a superior performance of the hybrid fuzzy-logic-based controller when coping with parameter variations, and by reducing torque ripple, but the results are reversed when periodical torque disturbances are present. Finally, the speed controllers are implemented and evaluated physically in a testbed based on a brushless DC motor, with the control algorithms implemented on a dsPIC30F2010. The comparisons carried out for the speed controllers are consistent for both simulation and physical implementation

    A Novel Self-Tuning Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Induction Motor Drive System: An Experimental Approach

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    High-performance induction motor (IM) drives require fast dynamic responses, robust to parameter variations, withstand load disturbance, stable control systems, and support easy hardware/software implementation. Fuzzy logic control (FLC) for speed controllers is garnering attention from researchers, since it is proven to produce better results compared with the conventional PI speed controllers. However, fixed parameter FLC experiences performance degradation when the system operates away from the design point or is affected by parameter variations or load disturbances. The purpose of this paper is to design and implement a simple self-tuning fuzzy logic controller (ST-FLC) for IM drives application. The proposed self-tuning mechanism is able to adjust the output scaling factor of the main FLC speed controller by improving the accuracy of the crisp output. The IM drive employed an indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) method fed by a hysteresis current controller (HCC). The fixed parameter FLC for the main speed controller comprises nine rules that are tuned to achieve the best performance. Then, a simple self-tuning mechanism is applied to the main fuzzy logic speed controller. All simulation work was done using Simulink and fuzzy tools in the MATLAB software. The effectiveness of the proposed controller was investigated by conducting a comparative analysis between fixed parameter FLC and ST-FLC in forward and reverse speed operations, with and without load disturbances. Finally, the experimental testing was carried out to validate the simulation results with the aid of a digital signal controller board, dSPACE DS1104, with an induction motor drive system. Based on the results, the ST-FLC showed superior performance in transient and steady-state conditions in terms of various performance measures, such as overshoot, rise time, settling time, and recovery time

    An improved direct torque controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous machine drive without a speed sensor

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    Some essential and important improvements of the direct torque controlled interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine drive are presented in this thesis. These studies, including analysis, modeling and experimental implementations confirm the possibility of a high performance direct torque controlled IPM synchronous motor drive without any continuous rotor position and speed sensor and without any current controller. The direct torque control technique, the comparison between DTC and FOC, and compensation methods for the problems/limitations associated with DTC have been investigated in this thesis. A number of important problems that affect the accuracy of the estimated machine flux linkage on which the DTC technique is built are thoroughly examined. Estimation of stator resistance variation, analysis and compensation of the non-linear effects of the inverter such as forward voltage drop and dead-time, speed sensorless control, and torque and flux ripple minimization for a direct torque controlled IPM motor drive are of major concern in this thesis. A Proportional-Integral stator resistance estimator based on stator current has been investigated for the compensation of any variation in stator resistance. It is shown that the estimator can track the variation of the stator resistance adequately. The scheme utilizes the error between the actual current and the reference current and requires no position signal. Modeling and experimental results will be shown. The non-linear effects of the inverter affect flux estimation greatly, especially at low speed. The effects such as forward voltage drop, dead-time and switching delay is analyzed, they degrade the system performance by introducing error between the estimated values and the actual values. The effects of the forward voltage drop and deadtime can be compensated by using a look-up table. The performance improvement of the drive has been shown in experiments. A speed estimation scheme based on stator flux linkage estimation is adopted and investigated experimentally. Furthermore, the possibility of fielding-weakening operation of the speed sensorless control is also investigated by modeling. The torque and flux ripples are significant problems of the DTC, and are mentioned widely. In order to solve this problem, the changes of torque and flux linkage over a sampling period are derived. Based on the analysis, a modified DTC is proposed to overcome these significant problems. Modeling and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The field weakening control and speed sensorless control scheme is also combined with the proposed scheme. The experimental results show the new DTC scheme can achieve wider range operation and speed sensorless control successfully. The torque and flux ripples are reduced greatly under the new scheme in all experimental results. These abovementioned studies have clearly established that the DTC technique for the IPM machine is now much closer to being a viable and cost-effective candidate for a sensorless PM synchronous motor drive

    Nonlinear adaptive control of permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind turbine: a perturbation estimation approach

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    This thesis deals with the modeling and control of permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind turbines (PMSG-WTs). The PMSG-WTs are widely used in wind energy conversion systems(WECSs), due to their merits such as high reliability, high efficiency, low noise, high torque to weight ratio and fast dynamic response. Usually, a PMSG-WT is connected to the power grid via an AC-DC-AC converter system. The PMSG-WT can rotate at varying speed based on variable wind power input and thus achieve high efficiency as it dose not need to synchronise its rotational speed with the grid frequency. An overview of the modeling of the PMSG-WT is give at first, with conventional vector control (VC) strategies applied for machine-side and grid-side converter. The VC strategy is a popular method widely used in industry due to its decoupled control of active/reactive power, but it may not provide satisfactory performance for the PMSG-WT as it is required to operate at varying speed in an operation envelope with wide operating range rather than one operation point. The feedback linearisation control (FLC) strategy can improve the performance of the VC with a global optimal controller crossing a wide region and variable operation points, but it has weak robustness against parameter uncertainties and external disturbances, and requires full state measurements. To improve performance of the VC and the FLC, nonlinear adaptive controllers (NACs) designed based on FLC and perturbation estimation and their applications in machine-side and grid-side converter control of the PMSG-WT, and speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) have been studied. In the design of the proposed NAC, by defining a lumped perturbation term to present coupling nonlinear dynamics, parameter uncertainties, and other unknown disturbance, then a perturbation observer is designed to estimate the perturbation which is used to compensate the real perturbation and realise an adaptive linearising of the original nonlinear system, without requiring the accurate system model and parameters and full state measurements, and still considering all system nonlinearities and unknown time-varying dynamics, such as tower shadow, grid faults and intermittent wind power inputs. In this thesis, the proposed control schemes are applied for control of PMSGWT in Region 2, Region 3 and integration with the grid. A NAC is developed for a PMSG-WT to extract maximum wind power in Region 2. Simulation and experiment studies are carried out to verify the design and results show that the proposed NAC can provide better performance in MPPT and robustness against parameter uncertainties and time-varying wind power inputs, in comparison with a convention VC and FLC. NACs are designed for control of the pitch angle and generator control of a PMSG-WT to limit the extracted power from time varying wind in Region 3. Simulation results of the proposed NACs are compared to a conventional VC and FLC. The fault ride-through capability (FRTC) of the PMSG-WT at different voltage dip’s levels has been enhanced by a novel NAC applied at the grid-side converter. Simulation results have shown that the proposed NAC can provide satisfactory performances with smaller inrush current and voltage overshoots during grid fault and better robustness against uncertainties. A coordinated nonlinear adaptive control (CNAC) of the machine-side and grid-side converter in the PMSG-WT were studied. The NACs are designed based on state and perturbation observers for control of subsystems. Simulation results show that the CNAC can coordinate each other to achieve the objectives of different operating regions and enhance the FRTC of the PMSG-WT. Finally, the proposed control schemes are applied for control of PMSM. NAC is developed for PMSM to track mechanical rotation speed and provide high robustness against system parameter uncertainties and unknown time-varying load disturbances. Simulation results show that the proposed NAC provides better performance and robustness against system parameter uncertainties and unknown time-varying load disturbances, in comparison with a nonlinear controller with an extended nonlinear observer and a conventional VC
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