6,200 research outputs found

    Machine translation and fair access to information

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    This article contributes to the discussion on fairness and ethics in MT by highlighting efforts that have been made to use MT for the humanitarian purpose of increasing access to information for groups that are underserved. The article provides an overview of example projects in which MT has been implemented for this purpose in three contexts: civic participation, public health and safety, and media and culture. In addition, the article examines some of the ethical issues surrounding efforts to use MT for accessibility, including issues of quality, acceptability, and the need to involve stakeholders in development.Peer reviewe

    Institutional Translation for the Public. Localisation in Finnish and English Web News

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    Euroopan unioni on yksi suurimmista tekstintuottajista Euroopassa. Monikielisyyspolitiikan vuoksi kaikki 24 EU-kieltä ovat yhdenvertaisia, minkä vuoksi käännöksillä on suuri merkitys eri instituutiossa ja toimielimissä. Yhä useammin käännöksiä tehdään suoraan internetiin. Tämä koskee etenkin laajalle lukijakunnalle suunnattuja tekstejä, kuten uutisia. Verkkotekstien kääntäminen on vielä verrattain uusi tutkimuskohde, mutta joitakin tutkimuksia on aiheesta jo tehty. Verkkoon tehtäviä uutisia sen sijaan ei ole tutkittu juuri lainkaan. Institutionaalisten verkkouutisten kääntämisessä on ominaisuuksia institutionaalisesta kääntämisestä, uutistekstien kirjoittamisesta sekä verkkotekstien kirjoittamisesta. Tässä pro gradu -tutkielmassa verrattiin, kuinka Euroopan komission verkkouutisia oli lokalisoitu suomen- ja englanninkielisille lukijoille. Uutisartikkeleita oli 11 ja ne valittiin aikaväliltä syys-joulukuu 2012. Artikkeleissa keskityttiin esimerkiksi talouskriisiin sekä yleisiin ajankohtaisiin asioihin. Lokalisointia tutkittiin korvausten (replacement) sekä pragmaattisten muutosten (pragmatic changes) kautta ankkuroitua teoriaa (grounded theory) ja kvantitatiivista menetelmää apuna käyttäen. Tutkielmassa hyödynnettiin Anthony Pymin (2009/2010) listausta lokalisoiduista elementeistä korvauksissa, jotka vaikuttivat osaltaan tyyliin sekä Andrew Chestermanin (1997) listausta pragmaattisista käännöstrategioista muiden tyylillisten ja sisällöllisten muutosten tarkastelussa. Uutistekstit olivat odotusten mukaisesti selkeitä ja helppolukuisia sekä englanniksi että suomeksi. Tulokset osoittivat, että korvaukset vaikuttivat lähinnä tekstin ulkoasuun sekä osittain myös tyyliin ja muutokset olivat pieniä, esimerkiksi päivämäärää ja aikaa koskevia. Muita tyyliin vaikuttavia muutoksia sekä sisällöllisiä muutoksia löytyi pragmaattisten käännösstrategioiden avulla. Johtopäätöksenä oli, että tekstin sujuvuus eli tyyli oli tärkeämpää kuin tekstin mielenkiintoisuus eli sisältö.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

    ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ІКТ В ПЕРЕКЛАДІ СТАРТАП-ПРОЄКТІВ

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    The role of the translator in the startup project is analyzed. It has been proven that translation is an important and necessary element of a startup project for establishing relationships with potential clients around the world. The success of a project depends on the translation of many types of documentation: application, presentations, website, CVs, financial calculations, required audio and video materials, agreements and other types of legal and economic documentation. The translator as a member of the startup team needs to understand the key topic and main trends of the industry in order to efficiently translate the project. It was found that the translator works with the special patent, legal and economic documentation depending on the field and the main purpose of the project. The tasks of linguists will be solved more successfully with the help of modern information and computer technologies. The usage of information and computer technology in the translation process was explored. It is determined that it is important for a startup project translator to understand all the features of using the software, choose the appropriate programs or online tools and develop a strategy for the project translation process. The results of this work are very important and necessary for further study of the features of the ICT usage in the startup projects translation, in particular, the final projects of the Startup School of Poltava Polytechnic.Исследована роль переводчика в стартап-проекты. Доказано, что перевод- – это важный и необходимый элемент стартап проекта для налаживания отношений с потенциальными клиентами по всему миру. Успех представления проекту зависит от перевода многих видов документации: заявки, презентаций, веб-сайта, резюме, финансовых просчетов, необходимых аудио- и видеоматериалов, соглашений и других видов юридической и экономической документации. Переводчику как участнику стартап команде необходимо разбираться в тематике и главных тенденциях индустрии, чтобы качественно и эффективно сделать перевод проекта. Выяснено, что переводчик работает со специальной патентной, юридической и экономической документации в зависимости от отрасли и основной цели проекту. Задача лингвистов будут успешно решаться с помощью современных информационных и компьютерных технологий. Исследованию использования информационных и компьютерных технологий в процессе перевода. Определено, что переводчику стартап проекта важно понимать все особенности использования программного обеспечения, выбрать соответствующие программы или онлайн-инструменты и разработать стратегию переводческого процесса в проект. Результаты данной работы очень важны и необходимы для дальнейшего исследования особенностей использования ИКТ в переводе стартап-проектов, в частности, финальных проектов Стартап школы Полтавской политехники.Досліджена роль перекладача в стартап-проекті. Доведено, що переклад – це важливий та необхідний елемент стартап проекту для налагодження відносин з потенційними клієнтами по всьому світу. Успіх представлення проекту залежить від перекладу багатьох видів документації: заявки, презентацій, веб-сайту, резюме, фінансових прорахунків, необхідних аудіо– та відеоматеріалів, угод та інших видів юридичної та економічної документації. Перекладачу як учаснику стартап команді необхідно розумітися в тематиці та головних тенденціях індустрії, щоб якісно та ефективно зробити переклад проекту. З'ясовано, що перекладач працює зі спеціальною патентною, юридичною та економічною документацією залежно від галузі та основної мети проекту. Завдання лінгвістів будуть успішніше вирішуватися за допомогою сучасних інформаційних та комп’ютерних технологій. Дослідженню використання інформаційних та комп’ютерних технологій у процесі перекладу. Визначено, що перекладачу стартап проекту важливо розуміти всі особливості використання програмного забезпечення, вибрати належні програми чи онлайн-інструменти та розробити стратегію перекладацького процесу у проекті. Результати даної роботи є дуже важливими та необхідними для подальшого дослідження особливостей використання ІКТ у перекладі стартап-проектів, зокрема, фінальних проектів Стартап школи Полтавської політехніки

    Using Machine Translation to Provide Target-Language Edit Hints in Computer Aided Translation Based on Translation Memories

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    This paper explores the use of general-purpose machine translation (MT) in assisting the users of computer-aided translation (CAT) systems based on translation memory (TM) to identify the target words in the translation proposals that need to be changed (either replaced or removed) or kept unedited, a task we term as "word-keeping recommendation". MT is used as a black box to align source and target sub-segments on the fly in the translation units (TUs) suggested to the user. Source-language (SL) and target-language (TL) segments in the matching TUs are segmented into overlapping sub-segments of variable length and machine-translated into the TL and the SL, respectively. The bilingual sub-segments obtained and the matching between the SL segment in the TU and the segment to be translated are employed to build the features that are then used by a binary classifier to determine the target words to be changed and those to be kept unedited. In this approach, MT results are never presented to the translator. Two approaches are presented in this work: one using a word-keeping recommendation system which can be trained on the TM used with the CAT system, and a more basic approach which does not require any training. Experiments are conducted by simulating the translation of texts in several language pairs with corpora belonging to different domains and using three different MT systems. We compare the performance obtained to that of previous works that have used statistical word alignment for word-keeping recommendation, and show that the MT-based approaches presented in this paper are more accurate in most scenarios. In particular, our results confirm that the MT-based approaches are better than the alignment-based approach when using models trained on out-of-domain TMs. Additional experiments were performed to check how dependent the MT-based recommender is on the language pair and MT system used for training. These experiments confirm a high degree of reusability of the recommendation models across various MT systems, but a low level of reusability across language pairs.This work is supported by the Spanish government through projects TIN2009-14009-C02-01 and TIN2012-32615

    Theoretical and methodological principles of teaching linguists: the Ukrainian case

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    Technological progress has become a catalyst for the emergence of such interdisciplinary fields as linguistics and for the need for relevant specialists in the labor market. The purpose of this article is to analyze the theoretical and methodological aspects of linguists` training in Ukraine. The latest scientific researches and publications on the subject of training linguists in both domestic and foreign educational institutions were analyzed. The methods of system analysis, critical analysis of scientific and methodical sources, search, generalization, and structural-functional method were used for this study. The article highlights the structure, features, and principles of linguists` education on the basis of educational and professional programs of Ukrainian universities. The purpose of the training is to educate specialists which are able to navigate freely in various linguistic theories, carry out scientific analysis of language material, apply theoretical knowledge, strategies and methods (including innovative ones). The analysis of the education of linguistics students proved that the structuring of the components of the theoretical part of the educational process is based on fundamentalization and the principles of subject specialization, while the selection of teaching methods focuses on the need to train competent specialists with practical skills. The basis of such training is based on student-centered, competence-based, systemic, integrative approaches using innovative, interactive technologies, which allows training specialists capable of effectively carrying out professional, scientific and innovative activity, integrating modern information and communication technologies

    Turkey's civilian capacity in post-conflict reconstruction

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    Incorporating translation into sociolinguistic research: translation policy in an international non-governmental organisation

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    This article explores aspects of translation, multilingualism and language policy in the field of transnational civil society. By focusing on translation policies at Amnesty International, an international non-governmental organisation that performs a key role in global governance, this article seeks to contribute to a globalisation-sensitive sociolinguistics. It argues that combining a sociolinguistic approach, more precisely linguistic ethnography, with translation studies leads to an increased understanding of the language practices under study. Furthermore, the article calls for more interdisciplinary research, stating that there is a space for sociolinguistics and translation studies to contribute to research in international relations and development studies by highlighting the role of multilingualism and challenging the traditionally powerful position of English in transnational civil society

    Machine translation and fair access to information

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    This article contributes to the discussion on fairness and ethics in MT by highlighting efforts that have been made to use MT for the humanitarian purpose of increasing access to information for groups that are underserved. The article provides an overview of example projects in which MT has been implemented for this purpose in three contexts: civic participation, public health and safety, and media and culture. In addition, the article examines some of the ethical issues surrounding efforts to use MT for accessibility, including issues of quality, acceptability, and the need to involve stakeholders in development.</p
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