160,474 research outputs found
On the motivations for Merleau-Pontyâs ontological research
This paper attempts to clarify Merleau-Pontyâs later work by tracing a hitherto overlooked set of concerns that were of key consequence for the formulation of his ontological research. I argue that his ontology can be understood as a response to a set of problems originating in reflections on the intersubjective use of language in dialogue, undertaken in the early 1950s. His study of dialogue disclosed a structure of meaning-formation and pointed towards a theory of truth (both recurring ontological topics) that post-Phenomenology premises could not account for. A study of dialogue shows that speakersâ positions are interchangeable, that speaking subjects are active and passive in varying degrees, and that the intentional roles of subjects and objects are liable to shift or âtransgressâ themselves. These observations anticipate the concepts of âreversibilityâ and ânarcissismâ, his later view of activity and passivity, and his later view of intentionality, and sharpened the need to adopt an intersubjective focus in ontological research
"Consciousness". Selected Bibliography 1970 - 2001
This is a bibliography of books and articles on consciousness in philosophy, cognitive science, and neuroscience over the last 30 years. There are three main sections, devoted to monographs, edited collections of papers, and articles. The first two of these sections are each divided into three subsections containing books in each of the main areas of research. The third section is divided into 12 subsections, with 10 subject headings for philosophical articles along with two additional subsections for articles in cognitive science and neuroscience. Of course the division is somewhat arbitrary, but I hope that it makes the bibliography easier to use.
This bibliography has first been compiled by Thomas Metzinger and David Chalmers to appear in print in two philosophical anthologies on conscious experience (Metzinger 1995a, b). From 1995 onwards it has been continuously updated by Thomas Metzinger, and now is freely available as a PDF-, RTF-, or HTML-file.
This bibliography mainly attempts to cover the Anglo-Saxon and German debates, in a non-annotated, fully formatted way that makes it easy to "cut and paste" from the original file. To a certain degree this bibliography also contains items in other languages than English and German - all submissions in other languages are welcome. Last update of current version: July 13th, 2001
An Interpretation of the Continuous Adaptation of the Self/Environment Process
Insights into the nondual relationship of organism and environment and their processual
nature have resulted in numerous efforts at understanding human behavior and motivation from a
holistic and contextual perspective. Meadian social theory, cultural historical activity theory (CHAT),
ecological psychology, and some interpretations of complexity theory persist in relating human activity
to the wider and more scientifically valid view that a process metaphysics suggests. I would like to
articulate a concept from ecological psychology â that of the affordance, and relate it to aspects of
phenomenology and neuroscience such that interpretations of the self, cognition, and the brain are
understood as similar to interpretations of molar behaviors exhibited in social processes. Experience
with meditation as a method of joining normal reflective consciousness with âawarenessâ is described
and suggested as a useful tool in coming to better understand the nondual nature of the body
On the nature and role of intersubjectivity in communication
We outline a theory of human agency and communication and discuss the role that the capability to share (that is, intersubjectivity) plays in it. All the notions discussed are cast in a mentalistic and radically constructivist framework. We also introduce and discuss the relevant literature
An Analysis of the Antinomic Structure of the Relation of Being in Husserl and Its Political Implication
Antinomy basically as an inherent structural tension from within the reason between
rational willing toward the unconditioned and rational thinking necessarily conditioned
by the rule of understanding plays a negative role in and for Kantâs system to critically
compass reason in limiting itself within the possibility of real experience. In Husserl,
under the banner of one all-encompassing reason, antinomy takes a modified form
of an ontological incommensurability between two essentially separable regions of
being, i.e., between the ideal and the real; such ontological antinomy now takes up the
place of an apriori condition for the possibility of meaning for Husserl. Representing a
peculiar hierarchical ontological relation through which a lawful power flows, Husserlian
antinomy plays an essentially affirmative-political function. In this paper, I will analyze
the constructive antinomic structure of phenomenological being relation in contrast to
Kantian restrictive antinomy and discuss its political implication
The "Cognitive Turn": A Short Guide for Nervous Drivers.
In this brief primer on the emergent field of cognitive literary criticism, I aim to offer a tentative outline of its more representative lines of research after roughly twenty to twenty five years of activity. One of my main concerns will be to attend to some of the main objections that the field has been charged with in its short life, and to highlight the ways in which cognitive critics have addressed such objections. After a brief sketch of the main fields of activity, I will consider some of the possible future directions, with a focus on the different ways in which cognitive critics have embraced enactive approach-es to embodied and embedded cognition
Rebuilding the Feminine in Levinas's Talmudic Readings
This study presents a reconsideration of Levinasâs concept of the feminine. This reconsideration facilitated by a philosophically informed analysis of Levinasâs Talmudic readings on that subject.
The innovation of this research is based on the methodology which combined the two corpuses of Levinasâ writings as important parts of his thought. Two main phenomena are derived from Levinasâ Talmudic readings and arouse main principles of his ethics. In the hearth of the discussion on Eros stated the differentiation of feminine and masculine in Levinasâ thought, and its implication of gender and Ethics of otherness. In the center of Levinasâ terminology of maternity stated his phenomenology of pregnancy, and its ethical implication on responsibility to the other. The extreme responsibility committed to the subject since there is a immanent conflict between parents and their child.
The characters of Leivnasâ discussion which described here are obligating the reconsideration of the philosophical question: are Levinasâ concepts of the feminine exclusive to the women?
The subjects of Levinasâs exploration of the feminine, in this view, emerge from his Talmudic readings, but his phenomenological analysis of those very subjects goes beyond what can be found in those readings. Analyzing the meaning of the difference between the sexesâthe topic of one of the Talmudic readingsâleads Levinas to a wider phenomenological treatment of the status of woman that does not bypass the feminine voice. Delving into the Talmudic concept of rodef (persecutor) as applied to the relationship of fetus and mother leads Levinas to a phenomenological analysis of the concept of maternity and readiness to accept responsibility (even suffering) for the Other. Those two discussions lead us to a rereading of Levinasâs essay âPhenomenology of Erosâ and enable us to rebut the charge that in that essay Levinas presents only a masculine voice. Levinasâs concept of âresponsibilityâ will be seen to resemble the feminist psychologist Carol Gilliganâs concept of âcare.â We must then reconsider whether Levinasâs concept of the feminine is exclusively the domain of women
Dasein, The Early Years: Heideggerian Reflections on Childhood
Like most philosophers, Heidegger gave little attention to childhood, but his philosophical emphasis on pre-reflective practice and understanding seems uniquely qualified to help make sense of a childâs experience and development. Moreover, it seems to me that many central Heideggerian concepts are best defended, exemplified, and articulated by bringing child development into the discussion. A Heideggerain emphasis on pre-theoretical world-involvement opens up a rich array of phenomena for studying child development, which can improve upon standard theories that have over-emphasized exclusive conditions or criteria. I begin by laying out some basic features of Heideggerâs conception of being-in-the-world as a preparation for understanding the world of the child. Then I will briefly discuss some of Heideggerâs remarks on childhood, followed by some reflections on language acquisition and the correlation of anxiety and meaning
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