14,108 research outputs found
Dataspace: A Reconfigurable Hybrid Reality Environment for Collaborative Information Analysis
Immersive environments have gradually become standard for visualizing and
analyzing large or complex datasets that would otherwise be cumbersome, if not
impossible, to explore through smaller scale computing devices. However, this
type of workspace often proves to possess limitations in terms of interaction,
flexibility, cost and scalability.
In this paper we introduce a novel immersive environment called Dataspace,
which features a new combination of heterogeneous technologies and methods of
interaction towards creating a better team workspace. Dataspace provides 15
high-resolution displays that can be dynamically reconfigured in space through
robotic arms, a central table where information can be projected, and a unique
integration with augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) headsets and
other mobile devices. In particular, we contribute novel interaction
methodologies to couple the physical environment with AR and VR technologies,
enabling visualization of complex types of data and mitigating the scalability
issues of existing immersive environments.
We demonstrate through four use cases how this environment can be effectively
used across different domains and reconfigured based on user requirements.
Finally, we compare Dataspace with existing technologies, summarizing the
trade-offs that should be considered when attempting to build better
collaborative workspaces for the future.Comment: IEEE VR 201
Ocular attention-sensing interface system
The purpose of the research was to develop an innovative human-computer interface based on eye movement and voice control. By eliminating a manual interface (keyboard, joystick, etc.), OASIS provides a control mechanism that is natural, efficient, accurate, and low in workload
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Technology and Caregiving: Emerging Interventions and Directions for Research.
An array of technology-based interventions has increasingly become available to support family caregivers, primarily focusing on health and well-being, social isolation, financial, and psychological support. More recently the emergence of new technologies such as mobile and cloud, robotics, connected sensors, virtual/augmented/mixed reality, voice, and the evermore ubiquitous tools supported by advanced data analytics, coupled with the integration of multiple technologies through platform solutions, have opened a new era of technology-enabled interventions that can empower and support family caregivers. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for identifying and addressing the challenges that may need to be overcome to effectively apply technology-enabled solutions for family caregivers. The paper identifies a number of challenges that either moderate or mediate the full use of technologies for the benefit of caregivers. The challenges include issues related to equity, inclusion, and access; ethical concerns related to privacy and security; political and regulatory factors affecting interoperability and lack of standards; inclusive/human-centric design and issues; and inherent economic and distribution channel difficulties. The paper concludes with a summary of research questions and issues that form a framework for global research priorities
Designing for Health Chatbots
Building conversational agents have many technical, design and linguistic
challenges. Other more complex elements include using emotionally intelligent
conversational agent to build trust with the individuals. In this chapter, we
introduce the nature of conversational user interfaces (CUIs) for health and
describe UX design principles informed by a systematic literature review of
relevant research works. We analyze scientific literature in conversational
interfaces and chatterbots, providing a survey of major studies and describing
UX design principles and interaction patterns
Brain Intelligence: Go Beyond Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an important technology that supports daily
social life and economic activities. It contributes greatly to the sustainable
growth of Japan's economy and solves various social problems. In recent years,
AI has attracted attention as a key for growth in developed countries such as
Europe and the United States and developing countries such as China and India.
The attention has been focused mainly on developing new artificial intelligence
information communication technology (ICT) and robot technology (RT). Although
recently developed AI technology certainly excels in extracting certain
patterns, there are many limitations. Most ICT models are overly dependent on
big data, lack a self-idea function, and are complicated. In this paper, rather
than merely developing next-generation artificial intelligence technology, we
aim to develop a new concept of general-purpose intelligence cognition
technology called Beyond AI. Specifically, we plan to develop an intelligent
learning model called Brain Intelligence (BI) that generates new ideas about
events without having experienced them by using artificial life with an imagine
function. We will also conduct demonstrations of the developed BI intelligence
learning model on automatic driving, precision medical care, and industrial
robots.Comment: 15 pages, Mobile Networks and Applications, 201
Lessons Learned from a Decade of Providing Interactive, On-Demand High Performance Computing to Scientists and Engineers
For decades, the use of HPC systems was limited to those in the physical
sciences who had mastered their domain in conjunction with a deep understanding
of HPC architectures and algorithms. During these same decades, consumer
computing device advances produced tablets and smartphones that allow millions
of children to interactively develop and share code projects across the globe.
As the HPC community faces the challenges associated with guiding researchers
from disciplines using high productivity interactive tools to effective use of
HPC systems, it seems appropriate to revisit the assumptions surrounding the
necessary skills required for access to large computational systems. For over a
decade, MIT Lincoln Laboratory has been supporting interactive, on-demand high
performance computing by seamlessly integrating familiar high productivity
tools to provide users with an increased number of design turns, rapid
prototyping capability, and faster time to insight. In this paper, we discuss
the lessons learned while supporting interactive, on-demand high performance
computing from the perspectives of the users and the team supporting the users
and the system. Building on these lessons, we present an overview of current
needs and the technical solutions we are building to lower the barrier to entry
for new users from the humanities, social, and biological sciences.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, First Workshop on Interactive High Performance
Computing (WIHPC) 2018 held in conjunction with ISC High Performance 2018 in
Frankfurt, German
Big data analytics:Computational intelligence techniques and application areas
Big Data has significant impact in developing functional smart cities and supporting modern societies. In this paper, we investigate the importance of Big Data in modern life and economy, and discuss challenges arising from Big Data utilization. Different computational intelligence techniques have been considered as tools for Big Data analytics. We also explore the powerful combination of Big Data and Computational Intelligence (CI) and identify a number of areas, where novel applications in real world smart city problems can be developed by utilizing these powerful tools and techniques. We present a case study for intelligent transportation in the context of a smart city, and a novel data modelling methodology based on a biologically inspired universal generative modelling approach called Hierarchical Spatial-Temporal State Machine (HSTSM). We further discuss various implications of policy, protection, valuation and commercialization related to Big Data, its applications and deployment
Deep Learning Algorithms with Applications to Video Analytics for A Smart City: A Survey
Deep learning has recently achieved very promising results in a wide range of
areas such as computer vision, speech recognition and natural language
processing. It aims to learn hierarchical representations of data by using deep
architecture models. In a smart city, a lot of data (e.g. videos captured from
many distributed sensors) need to be automatically processed and analyzed. In
this paper, we review the deep learning algorithms applied to video analytics
of smart city in terms of different research topics: object detection, object
tracking, face recognition, image classification and scene labeling.Comment: 8 pages, 18 figure
A survey of systems for massive stream analytics
The immense growth of data demands switching from traditional data processing
solutions to systems, which can process a continuous stream of real time data.
Various applications employ stream processing systems to provide solutions to
emerging Big Data problems. Open-source solutions such as Storm, Spark
Streaming, and S4 are the attempts to answer key stream processing questions.
The recent introduction of real time stream processing commercial solutions
such as Amazon Kinesis, IBM Infosphere Stream reflect industry requirements.
The system and application related challenges to handle massive stream of real
time data analytics are an active field of research.
In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of the existing
state-of-the-art stream processing solutions. We also include various
application domains, which are transforming their business model to benefit
from these large scale stream processing systems
RetainVis: Visual Analytics with Interpretable and Interactive Recurrent Neural Networks on Electronic Medical Records
We have recently seen many successful applications of recurrent neural
networks (RNNs) on electronic medical records (EMRs), which contain histories
of patients' diagnoses, medications, and other various events, in order to
predict the current and future states of patients. Despite the strong
performance of RNNs, it is often challenging for users to understand why the
model makes a particular prediction. Such black-box nature of RNNs can impede
its wide adoption in clinical practice. Furthermore, we have no established
methods to interactively leverage users' domain expertise and prior knowledge
as inputs for steering the model. Therefore, our design study aims to provide a
visual analytics solution to increase interpretability and interactivity of
RNNs via a joint effort of medical experts, artificial intelligence scientists,
and visual analytics researchers. Following the iterative design process
between the experts, we design, implement, and evaluate a visual analytics tool
called RetainVis, which couples a newly improved, interpretable and interactive
RNN-based model called RetainEX and visualizations for users' exploration of
EMR data in the context of prediction tasks. Our study shows the effective use
of RetainVis for gaining insights into how individual medical codes contribute
to making risk predictions, using EMRs of patients with heart failure and
cataract symptoms. Our study also demonstrates how we made substantial changes
to the state-of-the-art RNN model called RETAIN in order to make use of
temporal information and increase interactivity. This study will provide a
useful guideline for researchers that aim to design an interpretable and
interactive visual analytics tool for RNNs.Comment: Accepted at IEEE VIS 2018. To appear in IEEE Transactions on
Visualization and Computer Graphics in January 201
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