10,101 research outputs found
Radio Access Network and Spectrum Sharing in Mobile Networks: A Stochastic Geometry Perspective
Next generation mobile networks will rely ever more heavily on resource
sharing. In this article we study the sharing of radio access network and
spectrum among mobile operators. We assess the impact of sharing these two
types of resources on the performance of spatially distributed mobile networks.
We apply stochastic geometry to observe the combined effect of, for example,
the level of spatial clustering among the deployed base stations, the shared
network size, or the coordination in shared spectrum use on network coverage
and expected user data rate. We uncover some complex effects of mobile network
resource sharing, which involve non-linearly scaling gains and performance
trade-offs related to the sharing scenario or the spatial clustering level.Comment: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication
Applications of Economic and Pricing Models for Resource Management in 5G Wireless Networks: A Survey
This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on applications of
economic and pricing theory for resource management in the evolving fifth
generation (5G) wireless networks. The 5G wireless networks are envisioned to
overcome existing limitations of cellular networks in terms of data rate,
capacity, latency, energy efficiency, spectrum efficiency, coverage,
reliability, and cost per information transfer. To achieve the goals, the 5G
systems will adopt emerging technologies such as massive Multiple-Input
Multiple-Output (MIMO), mmWave communications, and dense Heterogeneous Networks
(HetNets). However, 5G involves multiple entities and stakeholders that may
have different objectives, e.g., high data rate, low latency, utility
maximization, and revenue/profit maximization. This poses a number of
challenges to resource management designs of 5G. While the traditional
solutions may neither efficient nor applicable, economic and pricing models
have been recently developed and adopted as useful tools to achieve the
objectives. In this paper, we review economic and pricing approaches proposed
to address resource management issues in the 5G wireless networks including
user association, spectrum allocation, and interference and power management.
Furthermore, we present applications of economic and pricing models for
wireless caching and mobile data offloading. Finally, we highlight important
challenges, open issues and future research directions of applying economic and
pricing models to the 5G wireless networks
Gains of Restricted Secondary Licensing in Millimeter Wave Cellular Systems
Sharing the spectrum among multiple operators seems promising in millimeter
wave (mmWave) systems. One explanation is the highly directional transmission
in mmWave, which reduces the interference caused by one network on the other
networks sharing the same resources. In this paper, we model a mmWave cellular
system where an operator that primarily owns an exclusive-use license of a
certain band can sell a restricted secondary license of the same band to
another operator. This secondary network has a restriction on the maximum
interference it can cause to the original network. Using stochastic geometry,
we derive expressions for the coverage and rate of both networks, and establish
the feasibility of secondary licensing in licensed mmWave bands. To explain
economic trade-offs, we consider a revenue-pricing model for both operators in
the presence of a central licensing authority. Our results show that the
original operator and central network authority can benefit from secondary
licensing when the maximum interference threshold is properly adjusted. This
means that the original operator and central licensing authority have an
incentive to permit a secondary network to restrictively share the spectrum.
Our results also illustrate that the spectrum sharing gains increase with
narrow beams and when the network densifies
Infrastructure Sharing for Mobile Network Operators: Analysis of Trade-offs and Market
The conflicting problems of growing mobile service demand and
underutilization of dedicated spectrum has given rise to a paradigm where
mobile network operators (MNOs) share their infrastructure among themselves in
order to lower their operational costs, while at the same time increase the
usage of their existing network resources. We model and analyze such an
infrastructure sharing system considering a single buyer MNO and multiple
seller MNOs. Assuming that the locations of the BSs can be modeled as a
homogeneous Poisson point process, we find the downlink
signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) coverage probability for a user
served by the buyer MNO in an infrastructure sharing environment. We analyze
the trade-off between increasing the transmit power of a BS and the intensity
of BSs owned by the buyer MNO required to achieve a given quality-of-service
(QoS) in terms of the SINR coverage probability. Also, for a seller MNO, we
analyze the power consumption of the network per unit area (i.e., areal power
consumption) which is shown to be a piecewise continuous function of BS
intensity, composed of a linear and a convex function. Accordingly, the BS
intensity of the seller MNO can be optimized to minimize the areal power
consumption while achieving a minimum QoS for the buyer MNO. We then use these
results to formulate a single-buyer multiple-seller BS infrastructure market.
The buyer MNO is concerned with finding which seller MNO to purchase from and
what fraction of BSs to purchase. On the sellers' side, the problem of pricing
and determining the fraction of infrastructure to be sold is formulated as a
Cournot oligopoly market. We prove that the iterative update of each seller's
best response always converges to the Nash Equilibrium
Inter-Operator Infrastructure Sharing: Trade-offs and Market
We model the problem of infrastructure sharing among mobile network operators
(MNOs) as a multiple-seller single-buyer market where the MNOs are able to
share their own base stations (BSs) with each other. First, we use techniques
from stochastic geometry to find the coverage probability of the infrastructure
sharing system and analyze the trade-off between increasing the transmit power
of a BS and the BS intensity of a buyer MNO required to achieve a given
quality-of-service (QoS) in terms of the coverage probability. We also analyze
the power consumption of the network per unit area (i.e., areal power
consumption) and show that it is a piecewise continuous function composed of a
linear and a convex functions. We show that when the transmit power of the BSs
and/or the BS intensity of a network increases, the system becomes interference
limited and the coverage probability tends to saturate at a certain value. As
such, when the required QoS is set above this bound, an MNO can improve its
coverage by buying infrastructure from other MNOs. Subsequently, we analyze the
strategy of a buyer MNO on choosing how many MNOs and which MNOs to buy the
infrastructure from. The optimal strategy of the buyer is given by greedy
fractional knapsack algorithm. On the sellers' side, the pricing and the
fraction of infrastructure to be sold are formulated using a Cournot oligopoly
game.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1709.0797
Cognitive Network Cooperation for Green Cellular Networks
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in green cellular networks
for the sake of reducing the energy dissipated by communications and networking
devices, including the base stations (BSs) and battery-powered user terminals
(UTs). This paper investigates the joint employment of cognition and
cooperation techniques invoked for improving the energy efficiency of cellular
networks. To be specific, the cellular devices first have to identify the
unused spectral bands (known as spectrum holes) using their spectrum sensing
functionality. Then, they cooperate for exploiting the detected spectrum holes
to support energy-efficient cellular communications. Considering the fact that
contemporary terminals (e.g., smart phones) support various wireless access
interfaces, we exploit either the Bluetooth or the Wi-Fi network operating
within the spectrum holes for supporting cellular communications with the
intention of achieving energy savings. This approach is termed as
\emph{cognitive network cooperation}, since different wireless access networks
cognitively cooperate with cellular networks. In order to illustrate the energy
efficiency benefits of using both cognition and cooperation, we study the
cooperation between television stations (TVSs) and BSs in transmitting to UTs
relying on an opportunistic exploitation of the TV spectrum, where the unused
TV spectral band is utilized in an opportunistic way, depending on whether it
is detected to be idle (or not). It is shown that for a given number of
information bits to be transmitted, the total energy consumed is significantly
reduced, when both cognition and cooperation are supported in cellular
networks, as compared to the conventional direct transmission, pure cognition
and pure cooperation.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures in IEEE Access, 201
Cooperation in 5G HetNets: Advanced Spectrum Access and D2D Assisted Communications
The evolution of conventional wireless communication networks to the fifth
generation (5G) is driven by an explosive increase in the number of wireless
mobile devices and services, as well as their demand for all-time and
everywhere connectivity, high data rates, low latency, high energy-efficiency
and improved quality of service. To address these challenges, 5G relies on key
technologies, such as full duplex (FD), device-to-device (D2D) communications,
and network densification. In this article, a heterogeneous networking
architecture is envisioned, where cells of different sizes and radio access
technologies coexist. Specifically, collaboration for spectrum access is
explored for both FD- and cognitive-based approaches, and cooperation among
devices is discussed in the context of the state-of-the-art D2D assisted
communication paradigm. The presented cooperative framework is expected to
advance the understandings of the critical technical issues towards dynamic
spectrum management for 5G heterogeneous networks.Comment: to appear in IEEE Wireless Communication
Software-Defined and Virtualized Future Mobile and Wireless Networks: A Survey
With the proliferation of mobile demands and increasingly multifarious
services and applications, mobile Internet has been an irreversible trend.
Unfortunately, the current mobile and wireless network (MWN) faces a series of
pressing challenges caused by the inherent design. In this paper, we extend two
latest and promising innovations of Internet, software-defined networking and
network virtualization, to mobile and wireless scenarios. We first describe the
challenges and expectations of MWN, and analyze the opportunities provided by
the software-defined wireless network (SDWN) and wireless network
virtualization (WNV). Then, this paper focuses on SDWN and WNV by presenting
the main ideas, advantages, ongoing researches and key technologies, and open
issues respectively. Moreover, we interpret that these two technologies highly
complement each other, and further investigate efficient joint design between
them. This paper confirms that SDWN and WNV may efficiently address the crucial
challenges of MWN and significantly benefit the future mobile and wireless
network.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, submitted to "Mobile Networks and Applications"
(MONET
Spectrum and Infrastructure Sharing in Millimeter Wave Cellular Networks: An Economic Perspective
The licensing model for millimeter wave bands has been the subject of
considerable debate, with some industry players advocating for unlicensed use
and others for traditional geographic area exclusive use licenses. Meanwhile,
the massive bandwidth, highly directional antennas, high penetration loss and
susceptibility to shadowing in these bands suggest certain advantages to
spectrum and infrastructure sharing. However, even when sharing is technically
beneficial (as recent research in this area suggests that it is), it may not be
profitable. In this paper, both the technical and economic implications of
resource sharing in millimeter wave networks are studied. Millimeter wave
service is considered in the economic framework of a network good, where
consumers' utility depends on the size of the network, and the strategic
decisions of consumers and service providers are connected to detailed network
simulations. The results suggest that "open" deployments of neutral small cells
that serve subscribers of any service provider encourage market entry by making
it easier for networks to reach critical mass, more than "open" (unlicensed)
spectrum would. The conditions under which competitive service providers would
prefer to share resources or not are also described
Co-Primary Multi-Operator Resource Sharing for Small Cell Networks
To tackle the challenge of providing higher data rates within limited
spectral resources we consider the case of multiple operators sharing a common
pool of radio resources. Four algorithms are proposed to address co-primary
multi-operator radio resource sharing under heterogeneous traffic in both
centralized and distributed scenarios. The performance of these algorithms is
assessed through extensive system-level simulations for two indoor small cell
layouts. It is assumed that the spectral allocations of the small cells are
orthogonal to the macro network layer and thus, only the small cell traffic is
modeled. The main performance metrics are user throughput and the relative
amount of shared spectral resources. The numerical results demonstrate the
importance of coordination among co-primary operators for an optimal resource
sharing. Also, maximizing the spectrum sharing percentage generally improves
the achievable throughput gains over non-sharing
- …