4,739 research outputs found
Relating state-based and process-based concurrency through linear logic (full-version)
AbstractThis paper has the purpose of reviewing some of the established relationships between logic and concurrency, and of exploring new ones.Concurrent and distributed systems are notoriously hard to get right. Therefore, following an approach that has proved highly beneficial for sequential programs, much effort has been invested in tracing the foundations of concurrency in logic. The starting points of such investigations have been various idealized languages of concurrent and distributed programming, in particular the well established state-transformation model inspired by Petri nets and multiset rewriting, and the prolific process-based models such as the π-calculus and other process algebras. In nearly all cases, the target of these investigations has been linear logic, a formal language that supports a view of formulas as consumable resources. In the first part of this paper, we review some of these interpretations of concurrent languages into linear logic and observe that, possibly modulo duality, they invariably target a small semantic fragment of linear logic that we call LVobs.In the second part of the paper, we propose a new approach to understanding concurrent and distributed programming as a manifestation of logic, which yields a language that merges those two main paradigms of concurrency. Specifically, we present a new semantics for multiset rewriting founded on an alternative view of linear logic and specifically LVobs. The resulting interpretation is extended with a majority of linear connectives into the language of ω-multisets. This interpretation drops the distinction between multiset elements and rewrite rules, and considerably enriches the expressive power of standard multiset rewriting with embedded rules, choice, replication, and more. Derivations are now primarily viewed as open objects, and are closed only to examine intermediate rewriting states. The resulting language can also be interpreted as a process algebra. For example, a simple translation maps process constructors of the asynchronous π-calculus to rewrite operators. The language of ω-multisets forms the basis for the security protocol specification language MSR 3. With relations to both multiset rewriting and process algebra, it supports specifications that are process-based, state-based, or of a mixed nature, with the potential of combining verification techniques from both worlds. Additionally, its logical underpinning makes it an ideal common ground for systematically comparing protocol specification languages
Two Decades of Maude
This paper is a tribute to José Meseguer, from the rest of us in the Maude team, reviewing the past, the present, and the future of the language and system with which we have been working for around two decades under his leadership. After reviewing the origins and the language's main features, we present the latest additions to the language and some features currently under development. This paper is not an introduction to Maude, and some familiarity with it and with rewriting logic are indeed assumed.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
Towards Generic Monitors for Object-Oriented Real-Time Maude Specifications
Non-Functional Properties (NFPs) are crucial in the design of software. Specification of systems is used in the very first phases of the software development process for the stakeholders to make decisions on which architecture or platform to use. These specifications may be an- alyzed using different formalisms and techniques, simulation being one of them. During a simulation, the relevant data involved in the anal- ysis of the NFPs of interest can be measured using monitors. In this work, we show how monitors can be parametrically specified so that the instrumentation of specifications to be monitored can be automatically performed. We prove that the original specification and the automati- cally obtained specification with monitors are bisimilar by construction. This means that the changes made on the original system by adding monitors do not affect its behavior. This approach allows us to have a library of possible monitors that can be safely added to analyze different properties, possibly on different objects of our systems, at will.Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Spanish MINECO/FEDER project TIN2014-52034-R, NSF Grant CNS 13-19109
Model Checking Linear Logic Specifications
The overall goal of this paper is to investigate the theoretical foundations
of algorithmic verification techniques for first order linear logic
specifications. The fragment of linear logic we consider in this paper is based
on the linear logic programming language called LO enriched with universally
quantified goal formulas. Although LO was originally introduced as a
theoretical foundation for extensions of logic programming languages, it can
also be viewed as a very general language to specify a wide range of
infinite-state concurrent systems.
Our approach is based on the relation between backward reachability and
provability highlighted in our previous work on propositional LO programs.
Following this line of research, we define here a general framework for the
bottom-up evaluation of first order linear logic specifications. The evaluation
procedure is based on an effective fixpoint operator working on a symbolic
representation of infinite collections of first order linear logic formulas.
The theory of well quasi-orderings can be used to provide sufficient conditions
for the termination of the evaluation of non trivial fragments of first order
linear logic.Comment: 53 pages, 12 figures "Under consideration for publication in Theory
and Practice of Logic Programming
A Graph-Based Semantics Workbench for Concurrent Asynchronous Programs
A number of novel programming languages and libraries have been proposed that
offer simpler-to-use models of concurrency than threads. It is challenging,
however, to devise execution models that successfully realise their
abstractions without forfeiting performance or introducing unintended
behaviours. This is exemplified by SCOOP---a concurrent object-oriented
message-passing language---which has seen multiple semantics proposed and
implemented over its evolution. We propose a "semantics workbench" with fully
and semi-automatic tools for SCOOP, that can be used to analyse and compare
programs with respect to different execution models. We demonstrate its use in
checking the consistency of semantics by applying it to a set of representative
programs, and highlighting a deadlock-related discrepancy between the principal
execution models of the language. Our workbench is based on a modular and
parameterisable graph transformation semantics implemented in the GROOVE tool.
We discuss how graph transformations are leveraged to atomically model
intricate language abstractions, and how the visual yet algebraic nature of the
model can be used to ascertain soundness.Comment: Accepted for publication in the proceedings of FASE 2016 (to appear
Programming and symbolic computation in Maude
[EN] Rewriting logic is both a flexible semantic framework within which widely different concurrent systems can be naturally specified and a logical framework in which widely different logics can be specified. Maude programs are exactly rewrite theories. Maude has also a formal environment of verification tools. Symbolic computation is a powerful technique for reasoning about the correctness of concurrent systems and for increasing the power of formal tools. We present several new symbolic features of Maude that enhance formal reasoning about Maude programs and the effectiveness of formal tools. They include: (i) very general unification modulo user-definable equational theories, and (ii) symbolic reachability analysis of concurrent systems using narrowing. The paper does not focus just on symbolic features: it also describes several other new Maude features, including: (iii) Maude's strategy language for controlling rewriting, and (iv) external objects that allow flexible interaction of Maude object-based concurrent systems with the external world. In particular, meta-interpreters are external objects encapsulating Maude interpreters that can interact with many other objects. To make the paper self-contained and give a reasonably complete language overview, we also review the basic Maude features for equational rewriting and rewriting with rules, Maude programming of concurrent object systems, and reflection. Furthermore, we include many examples illustrating all the Maude notions and features described in the paper.Duran has been partially supported by MINECO/FEDER project TIN2014-52034-R. Escobar has been partially supported by the EU (FEDER) and the MCIU under grant RTI2018-094403-B-C32, by the Spanish Generalitat Valenciana under grant PROMETE0/2019/098, and by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA9550-17-1-0286. MartiOliet and Rubio have been partially supported by MCIU Spanish project TRACES (TIN2015-67522-C3-3-R). Rubio has also been partially supported by a MCIU grant FPU17/02319. Meseguer and Talcott have been partially supported by NRL Grant N00173 -17-1-G002. Talcott has also been partially supported by ONR Grant N00014-15-1-2202.Durán, F.; Eker, S.; Escobar Román, S.; NARCISO MARTÍ OLIET; José Meseguer; Rubén Rubio; Talcott, C. (2020). Programming and symbolic computation in Maude. Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming. 110:1-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlamp.2019.100497S158110Alpuente, M., Escobar, S., Espert, J., & Meseguer, J. (2014). A modular order-sorted equational generalization algorithm. 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Talcott, Associative unification and symbolic reasoning modulo associativity in Maude, in: [121], 2018, pp. 98–114.Durán, F., Lucas, S., Marché, C., Meseguer, J., & Urbain, X. (2008). Proving operational termination of membership equational programs. Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation, 21(1-2), 59-88. doi:10.1007/s10990-008-9028-2F. Durán, J. Meseguer, An extensible module algebra for Maude, in: [77], 1998, pp. 174–195.Durán, F., & Meseguer, J. (2003). Structured theories and institutions. Theoretical Computer Science, 309(1-3), 357-380. doi:10.1016/s0304-3975(03)00312-8Durán, F., & Meseguer, J. (2007). Maude’s module algebra. Science of Computer Programming, 66(2), 125-153. doi:10.1016/j.scico.2006.07.002Durán, F., & Meseguer, J. (2012). On the Church-Rosser and coherence properties of conditional order-sorted rewrite theories. The Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, 81(7-8), 816-850. doi:10.1016/j.jlap.2011.12.004F. Durán, P.C. 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Journal of the ACM, 39(1), 95-146. doi:10.1145/147508.147524Goguen, J. A., & Meseguer, J. (1984). Equality, types, modules, and (why not?) generics for logic programming. The Journal of Logic Programming, 1(2), 179-210. doi:10.1016/0743-1066(84)90004-9Goguen, J. A., & Meseguer, J. (1992). Order-sorted algebra I: equational deduction for multiple inheritance, overloading, exceptions and partial operations. Theoretical Computer Science, 105(2), 217-273. doi:10.1016/0304-3975(92)90302-vR. Gutiérrez, J. Meseguer, Variant-based decidable satisfiability in initial algebras with predicates, in: [61], 2018, pp. 306–322.Gutiérrez, R., Meseguer, J., & Rocha, C. (2015). Order-sorted equality enrichments modulo axioms. Science of Computer Programming, 99, 235-261. doi:10.1016/j.scico.2014.07.003Horn, A. (1951). On sentences which are true of direct unions of algebras. Journal of Symbolic Logic, 16(1), 14-21. doi:10.2307/2268661Katelman, M., Keller, S., & Meseguer, J. (2012). Rewriting semantics of production rule sets. The Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, 81(7-8), 929-956. doi:10.1016/j.jlap.2012.06.002Kowalski, R. (1979). Algorithm = logic + control. Communications of the ACM, 22(7), 424-436. doi:10.1145/359131.359136Lucanu, D., Rusu, V., & Arusoaie, A. (2017). A generic framework for symbolic execution: A coinductive approach. Journal of Symbolic Computation, 80, 125-163. doi:10.1016/j.jsc.2016.07.012D. Lucanu, V. Rusu, A. Arusoaie, D. Nowak, Verifying reachability-logic properties on rewriting-logic specifications, in: [86], 2015, pp. 451–474.Lucas, S., & Meseguer, J. (2016). Normal forms and normal theories in conditional rewriting. Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming, 85(1), 67-97. doi:10.1016/j.jlamp.2015.06.001N. Martí-Oliet, J. Meseguer, A. Verdejo, A rewriting semantics for Maude strategies, in: [116], 2009, pp. 227–247.Martí-Oliet, N., Palomino, M., & Verdejo, A. (2007). 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Transforming specifications of observable behaviour into programs
A methodology for deriving programs from specifications of observable
behaviour is described. The class of processes to which this methodology
is applicable includes those whose state changes are fully definable by labelled
transition systems, for example communicating processes without
internal state changes. A logic program representation of such labelled
transition systems is proposed, interpreters based on path searching techniques
are defined, and the use of partial evaluation techniques to derive
the executable programs is described
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