5,341 research outputs found
To Be or Not to Be: The Relationship Between Economic Diversity and Unemployment Rates in Canadian Cities During the COVID-19 Induced Shock
Regional scholars have broadly studied the role of economic structure in shielding a community from economic shocks. This research has generally involved comparing diversity against specialization. This study compares differences within varying degrees of economic diversity in Canadian cities. Canada has received very little attention in this field despite the importance this knowledge could provide in shaping Canadian economic policy. This paper aims to fill in this gap by analyzing the role economic diversity played in acting as a structural buffer to the COVID-19-induced economic shock. This analysis is done utilizing a Herfindahl Hirschman Index to measure economic diversity and explore its relationship with unemployment in 24 Canadian cities between 2019 and 2021. This paper finds that both regions with a high and low degree of economic diversity experienced a similar level of unemployment
ERAWATCH Country Reports 2012: Croatia
This analytical country report is one of a series of annual ERAWATCH reports produced for EU Member States and Countries Associated to the Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European Union (FP7). The main objective of the ERAWATCH Annual Country Reports is to characterise and assess the performance of national research systems and related policies in a structured manner that is comparable across countries.
The Country Report 2012 builds on and updates the 2011 edition. The report identifies the structural challenges of the national research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and the structural challenges, highlighting the latest developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. They further analyse and assess the ability of the policy mix in place to consistently and efficiently tackle these challenges. These reports were originally produced in December 2012, focusing on policy developments over the previous twelve months.
The reports were produced by independent experts under direct contract with IPTS. The analytical framework and the structure of the reports have been developed by the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies of the Joint Research Centre (JRC-IPTS) and Directorate General for Research and Innovation with contributions from external experts.JRC.J.2-Knowledge for Growt
ERAWATCH Country Reports 2012: Italy
This analytical country report is one of a series of annual ERAWATCH reports produced for EU Member States and Countries Associated to the Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European Union (FP7). The main objective of the ERAWATCH Annual Country Reports is to characterise and assess the performance of national research systems and related policies in a structured manner that is comparable across countries.
The Country Report 2012 builds on and updates the 2011 edition. The report identifies the structural challenges of the national research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and the structural challenges, highlighting the latest developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. They further analyse and assess the ability of the policy mix in place to consistently and efficiently tackle these challenges. These reports were originally produced in December 2012, focusing on policy developments over the previous twelve months.
The reports were produced by independent experts under direct contract with IPTS. The analytical framework and the structure of the reports have been developed by the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies of the Joint Research Centre (JRC-IPTS) and Directorate General for Research and Innovation with contributions from external experts.JRC.J.2-Knowledge for Growt
Economic Impacts of GO TO 2040
The economy of the Chicago metropolitan region has reached a critical juncture. On the one hand, Chicagoland is currently a highly successful global region with extraordinary assets and outputs. The region successfully made the transition in the 1980s and 1990s from a primarily industrial to a knowledge and service-based economy. It has high levels of human capital, with strong concentrations in information-sector industries and knowledge-based functional clusters -- a headquarters region with thriving finance, business services, law, IT and emerging bioscience, advanced manufacturing and similar high-growth sectors. It combines multiple deep areas of specialization, providing the resilience that comes from economic diversity. It is home to the abundant quality-of-life amenities that flow from business and household prosperity.On the other hand, beneath this static portrait of our strengths lie disturbing signs of a potential loss of momentum. Trends in the last decade reveal slowing rates, compared to other regions, of growth in productivity and gross metropolitan product. Trends in innovation, new firm creation and employment are comparably lagging. The region also faces emerging challenges with respect to both spatial efficiency and governance.In this context, the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) has just released GO TO 2040, its comprehensive, long-term plan for the Chicago metropolitan area. The plan contains recommendations aimed at shaping a wide range of regional characteristics over the next 30 years, during which time more than 2 million new residents are anticipated. Among the chief goals of GO TO 2040 are increasing the region's long-term economic prosperity, sustaining a high quality of life for the region's current and future residents and making the most effective use of public investments. To this end, the plan addresses a broad scope of interrelated issues which, in aggregate, will shape the long-term physical, economic, institutional and social character of the region.This report by RW Ventures, LLC is an independent assessment of the plan from a purely economic perspective, addressing the impacts that GO TO 2040's recommendations can be expected to have on the future of the regional economy. The assessment begins by describing how implementation of GO TO 2040's recommendations would affect the economic landscape of the region; reviews economic research and practice about the factors that influence regional economic growth; and, given both of these, articulates and illustrates the likely economic impacts that will flow from implementation of the plan. In the course of reviewing the economic implications of the plan, the assessment also provides recommendations of further steps, as the plan is implemented, for increasing its positive impact on economic growth
Erawatch Country Reports 2013: Latvia
The Analytical Country Reports analyse and assess in a structured manner the evolution of the national policy research and innovation in the perspective of the wider EU strategy and goals, with a particular focus on the performance of the national research and innovation (R&I) system, their broader policy mix and governance. The 2013 edition of the Country Reports highlight national policy and system developments occurring since late 2012 and assess, through dedicated sections:
-National progress in addressing Research and Innovation system challenges;
-National progress in addressing the 5 ERA priorities;
-The progress at Member State level towards achieving the Innovation Union;
-The status and relevant features of Regional and/or National Research and Innovation Strategies on Smart Specialisation (RIS3);
-As far relevant, country Specific Research and Innovation (R&I) Recommendations.
Detailed annexes in tabular form provide access to country information in a concise and synthetic manner.
The reports were originally produced in December 2013, focusing on policy developments occurring over the preceding twelve months.JRC.J.2-Knowledge for Growt
Introduction
This book investigates restructuring in the electronics industry and in
particular the impact of a \u2018Chinese\u2019 labour regime on work and employ -
ment practices in electronics assembly in Europe.1 Electronics is an
extremely dynamic sector, characterized by an ever-changing organi -
zational structure, as well as cut-throat competition, particularly in
manufacturing. Located primarily in East Asia, electronics assembly has
become notorious for poor working conditions, low unionisation and
authoritarian labour relations. However, hostile labour relations and topdown
HR policies are not unique to East Asia. They have become
associated with the way the sector is governed more broadly, with a
number of Western companies also coming to rely on such practices
The case of Foxconn in Turkey: benefiting from free labour and anti-union policy
Starting from the 2000s Foxconn invested in Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary,
Russia and Turkey, implementing a territorial diversification strategy
aimed at getting nearer to its end markets. This chapter investigates the
development of Foxconn in Turkey where the multinational owns a plant
with about 400 workers. A few kilometres from the city of \uc7orlu and close
to highways, ports and international airports, the plant enables Foxconn
to implement an efficient global supply chain. We illustrate this process
by examining the company\u2019s localisation within a special economic zone,
underlining the economic advantages derived from such a tax regime,
bringing labour costs down to the Chinese level and obtaining proximity
to European, North African and Middle East customers, thus lowering
logistic costs. We also analyse the roles of labour flexibility and trade
unions. In order to impose far-reaching flexibility on its workers Foxconn
put in place a range of strategies, including an hours bank system, multitask
operators and the recruitment of apprentices thanks a special
programme funded by the state. We show how these have been crucial
for Foxconn\u2019s just-in-time production contrasting its labour turnover
problem. Finally, we highlight how the company has been able to
implement a flexible working pattern, weaken the trade unions and
undercut workers\u2019 opposition, thanks to favourable labour laws approved
by successive governments in the past thirty years
Flexible workforces and low profit margins: electronics assembly between Europe and China
This book investigates restructuring in the electronics industry and in
particular the impact of a \u2018Chinese\u2019 labour regime on work and employ -
ment practices in electronics assembly in Europe.1 Electronics is an
extremely dynamic sector, characterized by an ever-changing organi -
zational structure, as well as cut-throat competition, particularly in
manufacturing. Located primarily in East Asia, electronics assembly has
become notorious for poor working conditions, low unionisation and
authoritarian labour relations. However, hostile labour relations and topdown
HR policies are not unique to East Asia. They have become
associated with the way the sector is governed more broadly, with a
number of Western companies also coming to rely on such practices
- …