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A words-of-interest model of sketch representation for image retrieval
In this paper we propose a method for sketch-based image retrieval. Sketch is a magical medium which is capable of conveying semantic messages for user. It’s in accordance with user’s cognitive psychology to retrieve images with sketch. In order to narrow down the semantic gap between the user and the images in database, we preprocess all the images into sketches by the coherent line drawing algorithm. During the process of sketches extraction, saliency maps are used to filter out the redundant background information, while preserve the important semantic information. We use a variant of Words-of-Interest model to retrieve relevant images for the user according to the query. Words-of-Interest (WoI) model is based on Bag-ofvisual Words (BoW) model, which has been proven successfully for information retrieval. Bag-of-Words ignores the spatial relationships among visual words, which are important for sketch representation. Our method takes advantage of the spatial information of the query to select words of interest. Experimental results demonstrate that our sketch-based retrieval method achieves a good tradeoff between retrieval accuracy and semantic representation of users’ query
How human schematization and systematic errors take effect on sketch map formalizations
Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial TechnologiesSketch map is an important way to represent spatial information used in many geospatial reasoning tasks
(Forbus, K., Usher, J., & Chapman, V. 2004). Compared with verbal or textual language, sketch map is a
more interactive mode that more directly supports human spatial thinking and thus is a more natural way to
reflect how people perceive properties of spatial objects and their spatial relations. One challenging
application of sketch maps is called Spatial-Query-by-Sketch proposed by Egenhofer. Being a design of
query language for geographic information systems (GISs), it allows a user to formulate a spatial query by
drawing the desired spatial configuration with a pen on a touch-sensitive computer screen and get it
translated into a symbolic representation to be processed against a geographic database (Egenhofer, M.
1997).
During the period of sketch map drawing, errors due to human spatial cognition in mind may occur. A ready
example is as follows: distance judgments for route are judged longer when the route has many turns or
landmarks or intersections (Tversky, B. 2002). Direction get straightened up in memory. When Parisians
were asked to sketch maps of their city, the Seine was drawn as a curve, but straighter than it actually is
(Milgram, S. and Jodelet, D. 1976). Similarly, buildings and streets with different shapes are often simply
depicted as schematic figures like blobs and lines. These errors are neither random nor due solely to
ignorance; rather they appear to be a consequence of ordinary perceptual and cognitive processes (Tversky,
2003). Therefore, when processing sketch map analysis and representing it in a formal way, like Egenhofer's
analysis approach for Spatial-Query-by-Sketch, the resulting formalization must necessarily be wrong if it
does not account for the fact that some spatial information is distorted or omitted by humans. Therefore,
when sketch map analysis is processed and represented in a formal way same as Egenhofer’s analytical
approach to Spatial-Query-by-Sketch, the resulting formalization is simply erroneous since it never takes
into account the fact that some spatial information is distorted or neglected in human perceptions. Though
Spatial-Query-by-Sketch overcomes the limitations of conventional spatial query language by taking into
consideration those alternative interaction methods between users and data, it is still not always true that
accuracy of its query results is reliable.(...
A Multilevel Road Alignment Model for Spatial-Query-by-Sketch
A sketch map represents an individual’s perception of a specific location. However, the information in sketch maps is often distorted and incomplete. Nevertheless, the main roads of a given location often exhibit considerable similarities between the sketch maps and metric maps. In this work, a shape-based approach was outlined to align roads in the sketch maps and metric maps. Specifically, the shapes of main roads were compared and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively in three levels pertaining to an individual road, composite road, and road scene. An experiment was performed in which for eight out of nine maps sketched by our participants, accurate road maps could be obtained automatically taking as input the sketch and the metric map. The experimental results indicate that accurate matches can be obtained when the proposed road alignment approach Shape-based Spatial-Query-by-Sketch (SSQbS) is applied to incomplete or distorted roads present in sketch maps and even to roads with an inconsistent spatial relationship with the roads in the metric maps. Moreover, highly similar matches can be obtained for sketches involving fewer roads
A Content-based search engine on medical images for telemedicine
Retrieving images by content and forming visual queries are important functionality of an image database system. Using textual descriptions to specify queries on image content is another important component of content-based search. The authors describe a medical image database system MIQS which supports visual queries such as query by example and query by sketch. In addition, it supports textual queries on spatial relationships between the objects of an image. MIQS is designed as a client-server application in which the client accesses the database and its images via the WWW.published_or_final_versio
A qualitive reasoning approach for improving query results for sketch based queries by topological analysis of spatial aggregation
Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.Sketch-based spatial query systems provide an intuitive method of user interaction for
spatial databases. These systems must be capable of interpreting user sketches in a way
that matches the information that the user intended to provide. One challenge that must be
overcome is that humans always simplify the environments they have experienced and this
is reflected in the sketches they draw. One such simplification is manifested as aggregation
or combination of spatial objects into conceptually or spatially related groups.
In this thesis I develop a system that uses reasoning tools of the RCC-8 to evaluate sketchbased
queries and provide a method for minimizing the effects of aggregation by
determining whether a solution to a query can be expanded if some groups of regions are
assumed to be parts of a larger aggregate region. If such a group of regions is found, then
this group must be included in the solution. The solution is approximate because the
approach taken only verifies that assumed parts of an aggregate are not inconsistent with
the configuration of the whole solution. Only cases where the size of the solution equals the
size of the query minus one are analysed.
It is observed that correctly identifying aggregated regions leads to solutions that are more
similar to the original query sketch when the size of every other solution is smaller than the
size of the query or when a lower limit is placed on the acceptable size of a solution because
the new, expanded or refined solution becomes more complete with respect to the sketch
of the query
Learning Cross-Modal Deep Embeddings for Multi-Object Image Retrieval using Text and Sketch
In this work we introduce a cross modal image retrieval system that allows
both text and sketch as input modalities for the query. A cross-modal deep
network architecture is formulated to jointly model the sketch and text input
modalities as well as the the image output modality, learning a common
embedding between text and images and between sketches and images. In addition,
an attention model is used to selectively focus the attention on the different
objects of the image, allowing for retrieval with multiple objects in the
query. Experiments show that the proposed method performs the best in both
single and multiple object image retrieval in standard datasets.Comment: Accepted at ICPR 201
Asymmetric Feature Maps with Application to Sketch Based Retrieval
We propose a novel concept of asymmetric feature maps (AFM), which allows to
evaluate multiple kernels between a query and database entries without
increasing the memory requirements. To demonstrate the advantages of the AFM
method, we derive a short vector image representation that, due to asymmetric
feature maps, supports efficient scale and translation invariant sketch-based
image retrieval. Unlike most of the short-code based retrieval systems, the
proposed method provides the query localization in the retrieved image. The
efficiency of the search is boosted by approximating a 2D translation search
via trigonometric polynomial of scores by 1D projections. The projections are a
special case of AFM. An order of magnitude speed-up is achieved compared to
traditional trigonometric polynomials. The results are boosted by an
image-based average query expansion, exceeding significantly the state of the
art on standard benchmarks.Comment: CVPR 201
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