7,053 research outputs found
Interference Alignment for Cognitive Radio Communications and Networks: A Survey
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Interference alignment (IA) is an innovative wireless transmission strategy that has shown to be a promising technique for achieving optimal capacity scaling of a multiuser interference channel at asymptotically high-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Transmitters exploit the availability of multiple signaling dimensions in order to align their mutual interference at the receivers. Most of the research has focused on developing algorithms for determining alignment solutions as well as proving interference alignment’s theoretical ability to achieve the maximum degrees of freedom in a wireless network. Cognitive radio, on the other hand, is a technique used to improve the utilization of the radio spectrum by opportunistically sensing and accessing unused licensed frequency spectrum, without causing harmful interference to the licensed users. With the increased deployment of wireless services, the possibility of detecting unused frequency spectrum becomes diminished. Thus, the concept of introducing interference alignment in cognitive radio has become a very attractive proposition. This paper provides a survey of the implementation of IA in cognitive radio under the main research paradigms, along with a summary and analysis of results under each system model.Peer reviewe
Opportunistic Interference Alignment in MIMO Interference Channels
We present two interference alignment techniques such that an opportunistic
point-to-point multiple input multiple output (MIMO) link can reuse, without
generating any additional interference, the same frequency band of a similar
pre-existing primary link. In this scenario, we exploit the fact that under
power constraints, although each radio maximizes independently its rate by
water-filling on their channel transfer matrix singular values, frequently, not
all of them are used. Therefore, by aligning the interference of the
opportunistic radio it is possible to transmit at a significant rate while
insuring zero-interference on the pre-existing link. We propose a linear
pre-coder for a perfect interference alignment and a power allocation scheme
which maximizes the individual data rate of the secondary link. Our numerical
results show that significant data rates are achieved even for a reduced number
of antennas.Comment: To appear in proc. IEEE PIMRC 2008 - Workshop in Emerging Network
Perspectives in Multiuser and Cooperative MIMO (NWMIMO). 5 pages and 4
figure
From Spectrum Pooling to Space Pooling: Opportunistic Interference Alignment in MIMO Cognitive Networks
We describe a non-cooperative interference alignment (IA) technique which
allows an opportunistic multiple input multiple output (MIMO) link (secondary)
to harmlessly coexist with another MIMO link (primary) in the same frequency
band. Assuming perfect channel knowledge at the primary receiver and
transmitter, capacity is achieved by transmiting along the spatial directions
(SD) associated with the singular values of its channel matrix using a
water-filling power allocation (PA) scheme. Often, power limitations lead the
primary transmitter to leave some of its SD unused. Here, it is shown that the
opportunistic link can transmit its own data if it is possible to align the
interference produced on the primary link with such unused SDs. We provide both
a processing scheme to perform IA and a PA scheme which maximizes the
transmission rate of the opportunistic link. The asymptotes of the achievable
transmission rates of the opportunistic link are obtained in the regime of
large numbers of antennas. Using this result, it is shown that depending on the
signal-to-noise ratio and the number of transmit and receive antennas of the
primary and opportunistic links, both systems can achieve transmission rates of
the same order.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Trans. in Signal Processing. Revised on 23-11-0
Improving Macrocell - Small Cell Coexistence through Adaptive Interference Draining
The deployment of underlay small base stations (SBSs) is expected to
significantly boost the spectrum efficiency and the coverage of next-generation
cellular networks. However, the coexistence of SBSs underlaid to an existing
macro-cellular network faces important challenges, notably in terms of spectrum
sharing and interference management. In this paper, we propose a novel
game-theoretic model that enables the SBSs to optimize their transmission rates
by making decisions on the resource occupation jointly in the frequency and
spatial domains. This procedure, known as interference draining, is performed
among cooperative SBSs and allows to drastically reduce the interference
experienced by both macro- and small cell users. At the macrocell side, we
consider a modified water-filling policy for the power allocation that allows
each macrocell user (MUE) to focus the transmissions on the degrees of freedom
over which the MUE experiences the best channel and interference conditions.
This approach not only represents an effective way to decrease the received
interference at the MUEs but also grants the SBSs tier additional transmission
opportunities and allows for a more agile interference management. Simulation
results show that the proposed approach yields significant gains at both
macrocell and small cell tiers, in terms of average achievable rate per user,
reaching up to 37%, relative to the non-cooperative case, for a network with
150 MUEs and 200 SBSs
Exploiting Spatial Interference Alignment and Opportunistic Scheduling in the Downlink of Interference Limited Systems
In this paper we analyze the performance of single stream and multi-stream
spatial multiplexing (SM) systems employing opportunistic scheduling in the
presence of interference. In the proposed downlink framework, every active user
reports the post-processing signal-to-interference-plus-noise-power-ratio
(post-SINR) or the receiver specific mutual information (MI) to its own
transmitter using a feedback channel. The combination of scheduling and
multi-antenna receiver processing leads to substantial interference suppression
gain. Specifically, we show that opportunistic scheduling exploits spatial
interference alignment (SIA) property inherent to a multi-user system for
effective interference mitigation. We obtain bounds for the outage probability
and the sum outage capacity for single stream and multi stream SM employing
real or complex encoding for a symmetric interference channel model.
The techniques considered in this paper are optimal in different operating
regimes. We show that the sum outage capacity can be maximized by reducing the
SM rate to a value less than the maximum allowed value. The optimum SM rate
depends on the number of interferers and the number of available active users.
In particular, we show that the generalized multi-user SM (MU SM) method
employing real-valued encoding provides a performance that is either
comparable, or significantly higher than that of MU SM employing complex
encoding. A combination of analysis and simulation is used to describe the
trade-off between the multiplexing rate and sum outage capacity for different
antenna configurations
A Distributed Approach to Interference Alignment in OFDM-based Two-tiered Networks
In this contribution, we consider a two-tiered network and focus on the
coexistence between the two tiers at physical layer. We target our efforts on a
long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) orthogonal frequency division multiple
access (OFDMA) macro-cell sharing the spectrum with a randomly deployed second
tier of small-cells. In such networks, high levels of co-channel interference
between the macro and small base stations (MBS/SBS) may largely limit the
potential spectral efficiency gains provided by the frequency reuse 1. To
address this issue, we propose a novel cognitive interference alignment based
scheme to protect the macro-cell from the cross-tier interference, while
mitigating the co-tier interference in the second tier. Remarkably, only local
channel state information (CSI) and autonomous operations are required in the
second tier, resulting in a completely self-organizing approach for the SBSs.
The optimal precoder that maximizes the spectral efficiency of the link between
each SBS and its served user equipment is found by means of a distributed
one-shot strategy. Numerical findings reveal non-negligible spectral efficiency
enhancements with respect to traditional time division multiple access
approaches at any signal to noise (SNR) regime. Additionally, the proposed
technique exhibits significant robustness to channel estimation errors,
achieving remarkable results for the imperfect CSI case and yielding consistent
performance enhancements to the network.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted and to appear in IEEE Transactions on
Vehicular Technology Special Section: Self-Organizing Radio Networks, 2013.
Authors' final version. Copyright transferred to IEE
Opportunistic Interference Mitigation Achieves Optimal Degrees-of-Freedom in Wireless Multi-cell Uplink Networks
We introduce an opportunistic interference mitigation (OIM) protocol, where a
user scheduling strategy is utilized in -cell uplink networks with
time-invariant channel coefficients and base stations (BSs) having
antennas. Each BS opportunistically selects a set of users who generate the
minimum interference to the other BSs. Two OIM protocols are shown according to
the number of simultaneously transmitting users per cell: opportunistic
interference nulling (OIN) and opportunistic interference alignment (OIA).
Then, their performance is analyzed in terms of degrees-of-freedom (DoFs). As
our main result, it is shown that DoFs are achievable under the OIN
protocol with selected users per cell, if the total number of users in
a cell scales at least as . Similarly, it turns out that
the OIA scheme with () selected users achieves DoFs, if scales
faster than . These results indicate that there exists a
trade-off between the achievable DoFs and the minimum required . By deriving
the corresponding upper bound on the DoFs, it is shown that the OIN scheme is
DoF optimal. Finally, numerical evaluation, a two-step scheduling method, and
the extension to multi-carrier scenarios are shown.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Communication
Cognitive Orthogonal Precoder for Two-tiered Networks Deployment
In this work, the problem of cross-tier interference in a two-tiered
(macro-cell and cognitive small-cells) network, under the complete spectrum
sharing paradigm, is studied. A new orthogonal precoder transmit scheme for the
small base stations, called multi-user Vandermonde-subspace frequency division
multiplexing (MU-VFDM), is proposed. MU-VFDM allows several cognitive small
base stations to coexist with legacy macro-cell receivers, by nulling the
small- to macro-cell cross-tier interference, without any cooperation between
the two tiers. This cleverly designed cascaded precoder structure, not only
cancels the cross-tier interference, but avoids the co-tier interference for
the small-cell network. The achievable sum-rate of the small-cell network,
satisfying the interference cancelation requirements, is evaluated for perfect
and imperfect channel state information at the transmitter. Simulation results
for the cascaded MU-VFDM precoder show a comparable performance to that of
state-of-the-art dirty paper coding technique, for the case of a dense cellular
layout. Finally, a comparison between MU-VFDM and a standard complete spectrum
separation strategy is proposed. Promising gains in terms of achievable
sum-rate are shown for the two-tiered network w.r.t. the traditional bandwidth
management approach.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted and to appear in IEEE Journal on
Selected Areas in Communications: Cognitive Radio Series, 2013. Copyright
transferred to IEE
Cognitive Interference Alignment for OFDM Two-tiered Networks
In this contribution, we introduce an interference alignment scheme that
allows the coexistence of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)
macro-cell and a cognitive small-cell, deployed in a two-tiered structure and
transmitting over the same bandwidth. We derive the optimal linear strategy for
the single antenna secondary base station, maximizing the spectral efficiency
of the opportunistic link, accounting for both signal sub-space structure and
power loading strategy. Our analytical and numerical findings prove that the
precoder structure proposed is optimal for the considered scenario in the face
of Rayleigh and exponential decaying channels.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted and presented at the IEEE 13th
International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless
Communications (SPAWC), 2012. Authors' final version. Copyright transferred
to IEE
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