High Quality of Service on Video Streaming in P2P Networks using FST-MDC

Video streaming applications have newly attracted a large number of participants in a distribution network. Traditional client-server based video streaming solutions sustain precious bandwidth provision rate on the server. Recently, several P2P streaming systems have been organized to provide on-demand and live video streaming services on the wireless network at reduced server cost. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing is a new pattern to construct disseminated network applications. Typical error control techniques are not very well matched and on the other hand error prone channels has increased greatly for video transmission e.g., over wireless networks and IP. These two facts united together provided the essential motivation for the development of a new set of techniques (error concealment) capable of dealing with transmission errors in video systems. In this paper, we propose an flexible multiple description coding method named as Flexible Spatial-Temporal (FST) which improves error resilience in the sense of frame loss possibilities over independent paths. It introduces combination of both spatial and temporal concealment technique at the receiver and to conceal the lost frames more effectively. Experimental results show that, proposed approach attains reasonable quality of video performance over P2P wireless network.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, journa

Edge-guided image gap interpolation using multi-scale transformation

This paper presents improvements in image gap restoration through the incorporation of edge-based directional interpolation within multi-scale pyramid transforms. Two types of image edges are reconstructed: 1) the local edges or textures, inferred from the gradients of the neighboring pixels and 2) the global edges between image objects or segments, inferred using a Canny detector. Through a process of pyramid transformation and downsampling, the image is progressively transformed into a series of reduced size layers until at the pyramid apex the gap size is one sample. At each layer, an edge skeleton image is extracted for edge-guided interpolation. The process is then reversed; from the apex, at each layer, the missing samples are estimated (an iterative method is used in the last stage of upsampling), up-sampled, and combined with the available samples of the next layer. Discrete cosine transform and a family of discrete wavelet transforms are utilized as alternatives for pyramid construction. Evaluations over a range of images, in regular and random loss pattern, at loss rates of up to 40%, demonstrate that the proposed method improves peak-signal-to-noise-ratio by 1–5 dB compared with a range of best-published works

Multi-scale edge-guided image gap restoration

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University London.The focus of this research work is the estimation of gaps (missing blocks) in digital images. To progress the research two main issues were identified as (1) the appropriate domains for image gap restoration and (2) the methodologies for gap interpolation. Multi-scale transforms provide an appropriate framework for gap restoration. The main advantages are transformations into a set of frequency and scales and the ability to progressively reduce the size of the gap to one sample wide at the transform apex. Two types of multi-scale transform were considered for comparative evaluation; 2-dimensional (2D) discrete cosines (DCT) pyramid and 2D discrete wavelets (DWT). For image gap estimation, a family of conventional weighted interpolators and directional edge-guided interpolators are developed and evaluated. Two types of edges were considered; ‘local’ edges or textures and ‘global’ edges such as the boundaries between objects or within/across patterns in the image. For local edge, or texture, modelling a number of methods were explored which aim to reconstruct a set of gradients across the restored gap as those computed from the known neighbourhood. These differential gradients are estimated along the geometrical vertical, horizontal and cross directions for each pixel of the gap. The edge-guided interpolators aim to operate on distinct regions confined within edge lines. For global edge-guided interpolation, two main methods explored are Sobel and Canny detectors. The latter provides improved edge detection. The combination and integration of different multi-scale domains, local edge interpolators, global edge-guided interpolators and iterative estimation of edges provided a variety of configurations that were comparatively explored and evaluated. For evaluation a set of images commonly used in the literature work were employed together with simulated regular and random image gaps at a variety of loss rate. The performance measures used are the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structure similarity index (SSIM). The results obtained are better than the state of the art reported in the literature

Application and Theory of Multimedia Signal Processing Using Machine Learning or Advanced Methods

This Special Issue is a book composed by collecting documents published through peer review on the research of various advanced technologies related to applications and theories of signal processing for multimedia systems using ML or advanced methods. Multimedia signals include image, video, audio, character recognition and optimization of communication channels for networks. The specific contents included in this book are data hiding, encryption, object detection, image classification, and character recognition. Academics and colleagues who are interested in these topics will find it interesting to read

Entropy in Image Analysis II

Image analysis is a fundamental task for any application where extracting information from images is required. The analysis requires highly sophisticated numerical and analytical methods, particularly for those applications in medicine, security, and other fields where the results of the processing consist of data of vital importance. This fact is evident from all the articles composing the Special Issue "Entropy in Image Analysis II", in which the authors used widely tested methods to verify their results. In the process of reading the present volume, the reader will appreciate the richness of their methods and applications, in particular for medical imaging and image security, and a remarkable cross-fertilization among the proposed research areas

Recent Advances in Signal Processing

The signal processing task is a very critical issue in the majority of new technological inventions and challenges in a variety of applications in both science and engineering fields. Classical signal processing techniques have largely worked with mathematical models that are linear, local, stationary, and Gaussian. They have always favored closed-form tractability over real-world accuracy. These constraints were imposed by the lack of powerful computing tools. During the last few decades, signal processing theories, developments, and applications have matured rapidly and now include tools from many areas of mathematics, computer science, physics, and engineering. This book is targeted primarily toward both students and researchers who want to be exposed to a wide variety of signal processing techniques and algorithms. It includes 27 chapters that can be categorized into five different areas depending on the application at hand. These five categories are ordered to address image processing, speech processing, communication systems, time-series analysis, and educational packages respectively. The book has the advantage of providing a collection of applications that are completely independent and self-contained; thus, the interested reader can choose any chapter and skip to another without losing continuity

First steps in the study of cyber-psycho-cognitive operations

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais, 2019.O presente trabalho é uma análise dos mecanismos informáticos e tecno-comunicacionais envolvidos na articulação de mundos da vida orientados estrategicamente para estimular, prever ou minar o desenvolvimento das condições psico-cognitivas adequadas para a construção e sustento da legitimidade racional de uma autoridade ou ação política. A aplicação de instrumentos “arqueológicos” Foucauldianos ao estudo das narrativas políticas que engendraram e surgiram de “Russiagate” permitiu situar a teoria num contexto histórico e validar a premissa da convergência e incorporação de tendências de agendamento comuns e de práticas típicas de operações psicológicas tradicionais. Contudo, os efeitos tanto da disponibilidade comercial das TICs com capacidade de “deep learning”, quanto da estruturação baseada em conhecimento permitida pela ubiquidade e centralidade econômica dessas tecnologias, tornam o conjunto de mecanismos analisados num fenômeno que merece uma conceptualização e marco investigativo únicos. A obra é uma contribuição a esse empreendimento.This is an analysis of the ICT-based mechanisms involved in the articulation of lifeworlds that are strategically oriented to foster, prevent or undermine the development of psycho-cognitive conditions adequate for the construction or sustainability of an authority’s or a political action’s rational legitimacy. While grounding theory to a historical context, the application of Foucauldian “archeological” instruments to the study of the political narratives giving birth and springing from “Russiagate” also served to validate the premised convergence and incorporation of common agenda-setting trends and practices typical of traditional psychological operations. However, the effects of both the commercial availability of deep-learning ICTs and the cognition-based structuration afforded by their ubiquity and economic centrality set this “dispositif” apart, thereby deserving a unique conceptualization and research framework. This study is a contribution to such endeavor