21,077 research outputs found
Next Generation M2M Cellular Networks: Challenges and Practical Considerations
In this article, we present the major challenges of future machine-to-machine
(M2M) cellular networks such as spectrum scarcity problem, support for
low-power, low-cost, and numerous number of devices. As being an integral part
of the future Internet-of-Things (IoT), the true vision of M2M communications
cannot be reached with conventional solutions that are typically cost
inefficient. Cognitive radio concept has emerged to significantly tackle the
spectrum under-utilization or scarcity problem. Heterogeneous network model is
another alternative to relax the number of covered users. To this extent, we
present a complete fundamental understanding and engineering knowledge of
cognitive radios, heterogeneous network model, and power and cost challenges in
the context of future M2M cellular networks
Cognitive and Energy Harvesting-Based D2D Communication in Cellular Networks: Stochastic Geometry Modeling and Analysis
While cognitive radio enables spectrum-efficient wireless communication,
radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting from ambient interference is an enabler
for energy-efficient wireless communication. In this paper, we model and
analyze cognitive and energy harvesting-based D2D communication in cellular
networks. The cognitive D2D transmitters harvest energy from ambient
interference and use one of the channels allocated to cellular users (in uplink
or downlink), which is referred to as the D2D channel, to communicate with the
corresponding receivers. We investigate two spectrum access policies for
cellular communication in the uplink or downlink, namely, random spectrum
access (RSA) policy and prioritized spectrum access (PSA) policy. In RSA, any
of the available channels including the channel used by the D2D transmitters
can be selected randomly for cellular communication, while in PSA the D2D
channel is used only when all of the other channels are occupied. A D2D
transmitter can communicate successfully with its receiver only when it
harvests enough energy to perform channel inversion toward the receiver, the
D2D channel is free, and the at the receiver is above the
required threshold; otherwise, an outage occurs for the D2D communication. We
use tools from stochastic geometry to evaluate the performance of the proposed
communication system model with general path-loss exponent in terms of outage
probability for D2D and cellular users. We show that energy harvesting can be a
reliable alternative to power cognitive D2D transmitters while achieving
acceptable performance. Under the same outage requirements as
for the non-cognitive case, cognitive channel access improves the outage
probability for D2D users for both the spectrum access policies.Comment: IEEE Transactions on Communications, to appea
Uncoordinated access schemes for the IoT: approaches, regulations, and performance
Internet of Things (IoT) devices communicate using a variety of protocols,
differing in many aspects, with the channel access method being one of the most
important. Most of the transmission technologies explicitly designed for IoT
and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication use either an ALOHA-based channel
access or some type of Listen Before Talk (LBT) strategy, based on carrier
sensing. In this paper, we provide a comparative overview of the uncoordinated
channel access methods for IoT technologies, namely ALOHA-based and LBT
schemes, in relation with the ETSI and FCC regulatory frameworks. Furthermore,
we provide a performance comparison of these access schemes, both in terms of
successful transmissions and energy efficiency, in a typical IoT deployment.
Results show that LBT is effective in reducing inter-node interference even for
long-range transmissions, though the energy efficiency can be lower than that
provided by ALOHA methods. The adoption of rate-adaptation schemes,
furthermore, lowers the energy consumption while improving the fairness among
nodes at different distances from the receiver. Coexistence issues are also
investigated, showing that in massive deployments LBT is severely affected by
the presence of ALOHA devices in the same area
Survey of Spectrum Sharing for Inter-Technology Coexistence
Increasing capacity demands in emerging wireless technologies are expected to
be met by network densification and spectrum bands open to multiple
technologies. These will, in turn, increase the level of interference and also
result in more complex inter-technology interactions, which will need to be
managed through spectrum sharing mechanisms. Consequently, novel spectrum
sharing mechanisms should be designed to allow spectrum access for multiple
technologies, while efficiently utilizing the spectrum resources overall.
Importantly, it is not trivial to design such efficient mechanisms, not only
due to technical aspects, but also due to regulatory and business model
constraints. In this survey we address spectrum sharing mechanisms for wireless
inter-technology coexistence by means of a technology circle that incorporates
in a unified, system-level view the technical and non-technical aspects. We
thus systematically explore the spectrum sharing design space consisting of
parameters at different layers. Using this framework, we present a literature
review on inter-technology coexistence with a focus on wireless technologies
with equal spectrum access rights, i.e. (i) primary/primary, (ii)
secondary/secondary, and (iii) technologies operating in a spectrum commons.
Moreover, we reflect on our literature review to identify possible spectrum
sharing design solutions and performance evaluation approaches useful for
future coexistence cases. Finally, we discuss spectrum sharing design
challenges and suggest future research directions
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