32 research outputs found

    SPATIAL PREDICTION OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION FOR SOILS IN COIMBATORE, INDIA BASED ON ANN AND KRIGING MODEL

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    The concentration of five soil heavy metals (Cr, Pb, and As) was measured in 121 sampling sites in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India regions known as centres of pollution due to the chemical and metallurgical activities. The soil samples were collected from locations where the ground is not sliding and the probability of alluvial deposits is small. The concentration of heavy metals was measured by using Atomic Absorption spectrometer. Kriging and ANN techniques were used to develop the model to predict the constituents of the heavy metal in the soils. In some locations, the concentration for the investigated heavy metals exceeds the concentration admitted by the guideline. The highest concentration of lead (8.9 ppm) was found in Ukkadam Lake. The highest concentration of chromium was found in Ganapathi (3.6 ppm). The highest concentration of Arsenic (5.4 ppm) was found in Sidco Industrial Estate. The maximum admitted concentrations in the sensitive areas revealed to be exceed from five to twenty times

    Evaluation of age-standardized cancer burden in western Tamil Nadu, India

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    Background: The burden of cancer is growing globally and is one of the top leading causes of death. Information on cancer patterns is essential for effective planning of cancer control interventions. Aims and Objectives: The present cross sectional study aims to explore the patterns and trends of the cancer incidences in the western regions of Tamil Nadu, India including Coimbatore, Erode, Tiruppur, Salem, Namakkal and Nilgiris. Materials and Methods: A sum of 14392 cancer cases were recorded from the hospital based cancer registries of Coimbatore district. The cancer cases were segregated district-wise for specific cancer sites and the age-standardized incident rates were calculated for different age groups. Results: Coimbatore district recorded the highest number of incidences among all districts. Among all age-groups the adults aged 50-74 carry the highest burden of cancer. Among men, head and neck and gastrointestinal cancers are predominant while among women, breast and gynecological cancers are high. The age-standardized incidence rates were found to be higher in Coimbatore and least in Salem. Conclusion: Through this study, it is observed that Coimbatore district is under major threat and needs further investigation of risk factors for implementing optimized treatment and prevention strategies for reducing the adverse effects of cancer

    GIS-based mapping of water-level fluctuations (WLF) and its impact on groundwater in an Agrarian District in Tamil Nadu, India

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    This study describes the results of groundwater table variation in Thanjavur District before and after the monsoon seasons. Groundwater-level data acquired by the field measurement and the elevation data have been obtained from the topographic survey. Groundwater is the major source for different sectors in this region, and the major portion was used for irrigation. The impacts of geology, soil types, topographic elevation, land-use changes were critically analyzed and identified that these factors are controlling the infiltration capacity. The maximum fluctuation in the water table was 2 m below the ground level; still, 50% of the study area is under threat of overexploitation. This is projecting to a severe shortage in water supply soon. Groundwater quality is threatening by the saline intrusion in the coastal region, and the irrigation return flows inland. The spatial variation maps were useful in visualizing the seasonal water level and fluctuation in Thanjavur. A proper monitoring system, efficient irrigation practices, and effective groundwater recharge structures are recommended

    Effects of chromium contamination on the soil microbiome and phytoremediation potential of crop plants

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    Soil pollution as a result of heavy metal contamination has become of major concern, with rising levels as a result of industrial effluents and waste. This is the case within Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, where tannery pollution has negatively affected soil health and caused land abandonment by farmers, reducing incomes and the availability of food for the local population. The extent of tannery pollution in Dindigul was determined by comparing soil samples from 11 sites within an area known as the Tannery Belt to 6 control sites. The level of contamination varied across the Tannery Belt, with several areas deemed moderately to highly polluted with Cr, as well as with Cd, Cu and Zn and salts. Salts and soil properties including pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, and soil moisture all demonstrated correlations with heavy metals contributing to detrimental impact on the overall soil quality. Soil metagenomics analysis showed that Cr pollution affected soil microorganism communities, causing changes in abundance of individual bacteria, fungi, nematode and protozoa in polluted soils compared to controls. Bacteria Thermomicrobiales and Tistrellales, fungi Eurotiales and Capnodiales, nematode Rhabditida and protozoa Phytomyxea, all showed significant resistance to the presence of pollution within the contaminated soil samples and demonstrated a large increase in frequency within the samples between control and contaminated. Bacteria Tepidisphaerales, fungi Hypocreales, nematode Dorylaimia and Tylenchida and protozoa Gregarinasina all showed sizable reduction in the relative frequency levels between the control and contaminated soil samples. Six crop plants were identified as potential candidates for the cost-effective and sustainable remediation of Cr. From a pot experiment exposing the six crops to different chromium levels, tomato, sunflower, and sorghum demonstrated the ability to maintain biomass in high levels of Cr contamination. Cr uptake within edible structures did not exceed permissible limits for these edible crops, suggesting that the risk to human health is minimal. Sorghum was identified as the most appropriate crop for phytoremediation at highly polluted sites such as the Tannery Belt, with a chromium uptake potential of 38% when exposed to 700 mg/kg Cr, whereas tomato and sunflower could be planted in moderately contaminated sites

    Groundwater Contamination and Remediation

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    This Special Issue of Water brings together 10 studies on groundwater contamination and remediation. Common themes include practical techniques for plume identification and delineation, the central role of subsurface processes, the pervasiveness of non-Fickian transport, and the importance of bacterial communities in the broader context of biogeochemistry

    Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2021

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    XVI Agricultural Science Congress 2023: Transformation of Agri-Food Systems for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

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    The XVI Agricultural Science Congress being jointly organized by the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) during 10-13 October 2023, at hotel Le Meridien, Kochi, is a mega event echoing the theme “Transformation of Agri-Food Systems for achieving Sustainable Development Goals”. ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute takes great pride in hosting the XVI ASC, which will be the perfect point of convergence of academicians, researchers, students, farmers, fishers, traders, entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders involved in agri-production systems that ensure food and nutritional security for a burgeoning population. With impeding challenges like growing urbanization, increasing unemployment, growing population, increasing food demands, degradation of natural resources through human interference, climate change impacts and natural calamities, the challenges ahead for India to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set out by the United Nations are many. The XVI ASC will provide an interface for dissemination of useful information across all sectors of stakeholders invested in developing India’s agri-food systems, not only to meet the SDGs, but also to ensure a stable structure on par with agri-food systems around the world. It is an honour to present this Book of Abstracts which is a compilation of a total of 668 abstracts that convey the results of R&D programs being done in India. The abstracts have been categorized under 10 major Themes – 1. Ensuring Food & Nutritional Security: Production, Consumption and Value addition; 2. Climate Action for Sustainable Agri-Food Systems; 3. Frontier Science and emerging Genetic Technologies: Genome, Breeding, Gene Editing; 4. Livestock-based Transformation of Food Systems; 5. Horticulture-based Transformation of Food Systems; 6. Aquaculture & Fisheries-based Transformation of Food Systems; 7. Nature-based Solutions for Sustainable AgriFood Systems; 8. Next Generation Technologies: Digital Agriculture, Precision Farming and AI-based Systems; 9. Policies and Institutions for Transforming Agri-Food Systems; 10. International Partnership for Research, Education and Development. This Book of Abstracts sets the stage for the mega event itself, which will see a flow of knowledge emanating from a zeal to transform and push India’s Agri-Food Systems to perform par excellence and achieve not only the SDGs of the UN but also to rise as a world leader in the sector. I thank and congratulate all the participants who have submitted abstracts for this mega event, and I also applaud the team that has strived hard to publish this Book of Abstracts ahead of the event. I wish all the delegates and participants a very vibrant and memorable time at the XVI ASC

    Proceedings Of The 18th Annual Meeting Of The Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (Aogs 2021)

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    The 18th Annual Meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS 2021) was held from 1st to 6th August 2021. This proceedings volume includes selected extended abstracts from a challenging array of presentations at this conference. The AOGS Annual Meeting is a leading venue for professional interaction among researchers and practitioners, covering diverse disciplines of geosciences

    Agroecological Approaches for Soil Health and Water Management

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    In the last century, innovations in agricultural technologies centered on maximizing food production to feed the growing population have contributed to significant changes in agroecosystem processes, including carbon, nutrients, and water cycling. There are growing concerns regarding soil fertility depletion, soil carbon loss, greenhouse gas emissions, irrigational water scarcity, and water pollution, affecting soil health, agricultural productivity, systems sustainability, and environmental quality. Soils provide the foundation for food production, soil water and nutrient cycling, and soil biological activities. Therefore, an improved understanding of biochemical pathways of soil organic matter and nutrient cycling, microbial community involved in regulating soil health, and soil processes associated with water flow and retention in soil profile helps design better agricultural systems and ultimately support plant growth and productivity. This book, Agroecological Approaches in Soil and Water Management, presents a collection of original research and review papers studying physical, chemical, and biological processes in soils and discusses multiple ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, nutrients and water cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, and agro-environmental sustainability. We covered tillage, nutrients, irrigation, amendments, crop rotations, crop residue management practices for improving soil health, soil C and nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, soil water dynamics, and hydrological processes

    Machine Learning with Metaheuristic Algorithms for Sustainable Water Resources Management

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    The main aim of this book is to present various implementations of ML methods and metaheuristic algorithms to improve modelling and prediction hydrological and water resources phenomena having vital importance in water resource management
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