20 research outputs found
An algorithm for the selection of route dependent orientation information
Landmarks are important features of spatial cognition and are naturally included in human route descriptions. In the past algorithms were developed to select the most salient landmarks at decision points and automatically incorporate them in route instructions. Moreover, it was shown that human route descriptions contain a significant amount of orientation information, which support the users to orient themselves regarding known environmental information, and it was shown that orientation information support the acquisition of survey knowledge. Thus, there is a need to extend the landmarks selection to automatically select orientation information. In this work, we present an algorithm for the computational selection of route dependent orientation information, which extends previous algorithms and includes a salience calculation of orientation information for any location along the route. We implemented the algorithm and demonstrate the functionality based on OpenStreetMap data
A survey of qualitative spatial representations
Representation and reasoning with qualitative spatial relations is an important problem in artificial intelligence and has wide applications in the fields of geographic information system, computer vision, autonomous robot navigation, natural language understanding, spatial databases and so on. The reasons for this interest in using qualitative spatial relations include cognitive comprehensibility, efficiency and computational facility. This paper summarizes progress in qualitative spatial representation by describing key calculi representing different types of spatial relationships. The paper concludes with a discussion of current research and glimpse of future work
A parent-centered radial layout algorithm for interactive graph visualization and animation
We have developed (1) a graph visualization system that allows users to
explore graphs by viewing them as a succession of spanning trees selected
interactively, (2) a radial graph layout algorithm, and (3) an animation
algorithm that generates meaningful visualizations and smooth transitions
between graphs while minimizing edge crossings during transitions and in static
layouts.
Our system is similar to the radial layout system of Yee et al. (2001), but
differs primarily in that each node is positioned on a coordinate system
centered on its own parent rather than on a single coordinate system for all
nodes. Our system is thus easy to define recursively and lends itself to
parallelization. It also guarantees that layouts have many nice properties,
such as: it guarantees certain edges never cross during an animation.
We compared the layouts and transitions produced by our algorithms to those
produced by Yee et al. Results from several experiments indicate that our
system produces fewer edge crossings during transitions between graph drawings,
and that the transitions more often involve changes in local scaling rather
than structure.
These findings suggest the system has promise as an interactive graph
exploration tool in a variety of settings
Spatial and temporal resolution of sensor observations
Beobachtung ist ein Kernkonzept der Geoinformatik. Beobachtungen dienen bei Phรคnomenen wie Klimawandel, Massenbewegungen (z. B. Hangbewegungen) und demographischer Wandel zur รberwachung, Entwicklung von Modellen und Simulation dieser Erscheinungen. Auflรถsung ist eine zentrale Eigenschaft von Beobachtungen. Der Gebrauch von Beobachtungen unterschiedlicher Auflรถsung fรผhrt zu (potenziell) unterschiedlichen Entscheidungen, da die Auflรถsung der Beobachtungen das Erkennen von Strukturen wรคhrend der Phase der Datenanalyse beeinflusst. Der Hauptbeitrag dieser Arbeit ist eine entwickelte Theorie der raum- und zeitlichen Auflรถsung von Beobachtungen, die sowohl auf technische Sensoren (z. B. Fotoapparat) als auch auf menschliche Sensoren anwendbar ist. Die Konsistenz der Theorie wurde anhand der Sprache Haskell evaluiert, und ihre praktische Anwendbarkeit wurde unter Einsatz von Beobachtungen des Webportals Flickr illustriert
Investigating behavioural and computational approaches for defining imprecise regions
People often communicate with reference to informally agreedplaces, such as โthe city centreโ. However, views of the spatial extent of such areas may vary, resulting in imprecise regions. We compare perceptions of Sheffieldโs City Centre from a street survey to extents derived from various web-based sources. Such automated approaches have advantages of speed, cost and repeatability. We show that footprints from web sources are often in concordance with models derived from more labour-intensive methods. Notable exceptions however were found with sources advertising or selling residential property. Agreement between sources was measured by aggregating them to identify locations of consensus
๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์์ฑ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ ๋ณดํ์ ๋ด๋น๊ฒ์ด์ ์ฉ ๋๋๋งํฌ ์ถ์ถ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๊ฑด์คํ๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ๋ถ, 2014. 2. ์ ๊ธฐ์ค.์ต๊ทผ ์ธํฐ๋ท๊ณผ ์ค๋งํธํฐ์ ๋ฐ๋ฌ๋ก ๋ค์ํ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ ๋ณด์๋น์ค๊ฐ ์ ๊ณต๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ณดํ์์ฉ ๋ด๋น๊ฒ์ด์
์ ๋ํ ๊ด์ฌ ๋ํ ๋์์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ๋ณดํ์์๊ฒ ๊ธธ์๋ด๋ฅผ ํ๋ ๋ฐ ๋๋๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋ณดํ์์ ์ด๋ ํน์ฑ, ๊ธธ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์์ ํจ์จ์ ์ด๋ค. ์ด์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ณดํ์๋ฅผ ์ํ ๋๋๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ์ถํ๋ ค๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ์งํ๋์ด ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋๋๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ์ถํ ๋ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋ค ๊ฐ์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ง์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ๊ณ , ๋ณดํ์ ๋ด๋น๊ฒ์ด์
์ด ๊ตฌ๋๋๋ ํ๋ฉด ์ ์ง๋์ ๋ํ ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ์๊ฐ์ ์ฃผ์๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์ง ์์๋ค๋ ๋จ์ ์ด ์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ ์์ฑ์ ์ง์ญ์ ๋ณ์์ ์ ์ญ์ ๋ณ์๋ก ์ ์ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ด์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค. ์ง์ญ์ ๋ณ์๋ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋ค ๊ฐ์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด๊ณ ์ ์ญ์ ๋ณ์๋ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ์ง๋ ๊ณ ์ ํ ํน์ฑ์ ๋ํ๋์ผ๋ก์จ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ ํ์ถ์ฑ๊ณผ ์๊ฐ์ ์ฃผ์ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค. ๋ํ, ํ๋ณด๊ตฐ ์ถ์ถ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ๋ณด๋ก๋
ธ์ด ๋ค์ด์ด๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ฑ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ๊ณ ํ๋ณด๊ตฐ ์ค์ฒฉ ํ์์ ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ค.
๋ณดํ์์ฉ ๋๋๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ์ถํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ ์ํ ํ๋ก์ธ์ค๋ ๋ณดํ์๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ ํ์ ์ ์ , ๋๋๋งํฌ ํ๋ณด๊ตฐ ์ถ์ถ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์์ฑ ๋ณ์ ์ ์, ์์ฑ ๋ณ์์ ์ฐจ์ ์ถ์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ต์ข
๋๋๋งํฌ ์ถ์ถ์ ๋จ๊ณ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์์ธํน๋ณ์ ๊ด์
๊ตฌ ์ผ๋ถ์ง์ญ์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ ์๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฌ์ ์ ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋๋๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ์ถํ์๋ค.
๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ์ถ์ถํ ๋๋๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๋ด ํฌํธ ์ง๋์๋น์ค์ ๋ ์ด๋ธ, ๊ฒฝ๋ก ์๋ด์์ ์ด์ฉ๋๋ ๋๋๋งํฌ์ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ถ์ถ๋ ๋๋๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ๊ฐํ์๋ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ถ์ถํ ๋๋๋งํฌ๊ฐ ๋ณดํ์ ๋ด๋น๊ฒ์ด์
์ ๊ธธ์๋ด์ ์ด์ฉ๋ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฌ์ฉ์๊ฐ ์ ์ฒด ๊ฒฝ๋ก ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ ๋ํด ์ดํดํ๋ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ฌํ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ ํ๋จํ์๋ค.
์ด ๋ก โ
ฒ
๋ชฉ ์ฐจ โ
ณ
๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์ฐจ๋ก โ
ต
ํ ์ฐจ๋ก โ
ธ
1. ์๋ก 1
1.1 ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 1
1.2 ๊ด๋ จ ์ฐ๊ตฌ 5
1.3 ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ก 8
2. ๋๋๋งํฌ ์ถ์ถ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 11
2.1 ๋ณดํ์๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ ํ์ ์ ์ 11
2.1.1 ๋ณดํ์์ฉ ๋๋ก๋ง ์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ 11
2.1.2 ์ ํ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 13
2.2 ๋๋๋งํฌ ํ๋ณด๊ตฐ ์ถ์ถ 15
2.3 ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์์ฑ ๋ณ์ ์ ์ 18
2.3.1 ๊ธฐํํ์ ํน์ฑ 18
2.3.2 ์๋ฏธ๋ก ์ ํน์ฑ 19
2.3.3 ์ง์ญ์ ๋ณ์์ ์ ์ญ์ ๋ณ์์ ๊ณ์ฐ 20
2.4 ์์ฑ ๋ณ์์ ์ฐจ์ ์ถ์ 22
2.5 ์ต์ข
๋๋๋งํฌ ์ถ์ถ 25
3. ์คํ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 26
3.1 ์คํ ๋์์ง์ญ 26
3.2 ๋ณดํ์๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ ํ์ ์ ์ ์คํ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 27
3.2.1 ์ ํ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ํ ๋ณดํ์์ฉ ๋๋ก๋ง ์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ 27
3.2.2 ์ ํ์ ์ ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 28
3.3 ๋๋๋งํฌ ํ๋ณด๊ตฐ ์ถ์ถ ์คํ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 30
3.3.1 Isovist ํด๋ฆฌ๊ณค 30
3.3.2 ๋คํธ์ํฌ ๋ณด๋ก๋
ธ์ด ๋ค์ด๊ทธ๋จ(NVD) 32
3.3.3 ์ต์ข
ํ๋ณด๊ตฐ ์ถ์ถ 34
3.4 ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์์ฑ ๋ณ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐ ๊ณ์ฐ 37
3.5 ์์ฑ ๋ณ์์ ์ฐจ์ ์ถ์ ์คํ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 39
3.5.1 PCA ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 39
3.5.2 PCA ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ์ 41
3.6 ์ต์ข
๋๋๋งํฌ ์ถ์ถ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 44
4. ํ๊ฐ 48
5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก 61
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 63
๋ถ๋ก 67
Abstract 88Maste