163 research outputs found
Massive MIMO is a Reality -- What is Next? Five Promising Research Directions for Antenna Arrays
Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) is no longer a "wild" or
"promising" concept for future cellular networks - in 2018 it became a reality.
Base stations (BSs) with 64 fully digital transceiver chains were commercially
deployed in several countries, the key ingredients of Massive MIMO have made it
into the 5G standard, the signal processing methods required to achieve
unprecedented spectral efficiency have been developed, and the limitation due
to pilot contamination has been resolved. Even the development of fully digital
Massive MIMO arrays for mmWave frequencies - once viewed prohibitively
complicated and costly - is well underway. In a few years, Massive MIMO with
fully digital transceivers will be a mainstream feature at both sub-6 GHz and
mmWave frequencies. In this paper, we explain how the first chapter of the
Massive MIMO research saga has come to an end, while the story has just begun.
The coming wide-scale deployment of BSs with massive antenna arrays opens the
door to a brand new world where spatial processing capabilities are
omnipresent. In addition to mobile broadband services, the antennas can be used
for other communication applications, such as low-power machine-type or
ultra-reliable communications, as well as non-communication applications such
as radar, sensing and positioning. We outline five new Massive MIMO related
research directions: Extremely large aperture arrays, Holographic Massive MIMO,
Six-dimensional positioning, Large-scale MIMO radar, and Intelligent Massive
MIMO.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Digital Signal Processin
Momentum-inspired Low-Rank Coordinate Descent for Diagonally Constrained SDPs
We present a novel, practical, and provable approach for solving diagonally
constrained semi-definite programming (SDP) problems at scale using accelerated
non-convex programming. Our algorithm non-trivially combines acceleration
motions from convex optimization with coordinate power iteration and matrix
factorization techniques. The algorithm is extremely simple to implement, and
adds only a single extra hyperparameter -- momentum. We prove that our method
admits local linear convergence in the neighborhood of the optimum and always
converges to a first-order critical point. Experimentally, we showcase the
merits of our method on three major application domains: MaxCut, MaxSAT, and
MIMO signal detection. In all cases, our methodology provides significant
speedups over non-convex and convex SDP solvers -- 5X faster than
state-of-the-art non-convex solvers, and 9 to 10^3 X faster than convex SDP
solvers -- with comparable or improved solution quality.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, preprint under revie
Low PAPR Pilot for Delay-Doppler Domain Modulation
This paper studies the low PAPR pilot design in delay-Doppler domain
modulation. We adopt a sequence based pilot design instead of the conventional
pulse pilot, to mitigate the PAPR issue. We develop simple channel estimation
algorithm composes of two-stages which are path identification and channel
coefficient estimation. The quantitative analysis on the channel estimation
error model is provided. Based on which the principle of pilot sequence design
in delay-Doppler domain is revealed. Experiment results shows that the proposed
scheme maintains a relatively low PAPR in time domain samples, while the
channel estimation performance approaches the ideal channel estimation in
limited-Doppler-Shift channel model
Boosting Fronthaul Capacity: Global Optimization of Power Sharing for Centralized Radio Access Network
The limited fronthaul capacity imposes a challenge on the uplink of
centralized radio access network (C-RAN). We propose to boost the fronthaul
capacity of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) aided C-RAN by
globally optimizing the power sharing between channel estimation and data
transmission both for the user devices (UDs) and the remote radio units (RRUs).
Intuitively, allocating more power to the channel estimation will result in
more accurate channel estimates, which increases the achievable throughput.
However, increasing the power allocated to the pilot training will reduce the
power assigned to data transmission, which reduces the achievable throughput.
In order to optimize the powers allocated to the pilot training and to the data
transmission of both the UDs and the RRUs, we assign an individual power
sharing factor to each of them and derive an asymptotic closed-form expression
of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise for the massive MIMO aided C-RAN
consisting of both the UD-to-RRU links and the RRU-to-baseband unit (BBU)
links. We then exploit the C-RAN architecture's central computing and control
capability for jointly optimizing the UDs' power sharing factors and the RRUs'
power sharing factors aiming for maximizing the fronthaul capacity. Our
simulation results show that the fronthaul capacity is significantly boosted by
the proposed global optimization of the power allocation between channel
estimation and data transmission both for the UDs and for their host RRUs. As a
specific example of 32 receive antennas (RAs) deployed by RRU and 128 RAs
deployed by BBU, the sum-rate of 10 UDs achieved with the optimal power sharing
factors improves 33\% compared with the one attained without optimizing power
sharing factors
Terahertz Communications and Sensing for 6G and Beyond: A Comprehensive View
The next-generation wireless technologies, commonly referred to as the sixth
generation (6G), are envisioned to support extreme communications capacity and
in particular disruption in the network sensing capabilities. The terahertz
(THz) band is one potential enabler for those due to the enormous unused
frequency bands and the high spatial resolution enabled by both short
wavelengths and bandwidths. Different from earlier surveys, this paper presents
a comprehensive treatment and technology survey on THz communications and
sensing in terms of the advantages, applications, propagation characterization,
channel modeling, measurement campaigns, antennas, transceiver devices,
beamforming, networking, the integration of communications and sensing, and
experimental testbeds. Starting from the motivation and use cases, we survey
the development and historical perspective of THz communications and sensing
with the anticipated 6G requirements. We explore the radio propagation, channel
modeling, and measurements for THz band. The transceiver requirements,
architectures, technological challenges, and approaches together with means to
compensate for the high propagation losses by appropriate antenna and
beamforming solutions. We survey also several system technologies required by
or beneficial for THz systems. The synergistic design of sensing and
communications is explored with depth. Practical trials, demonstrations, and
experiments are also summarized. The paper gives a holistic view of the current
state of the art and highlights the issues and challenges that are open for
further research towards 6G.Comment: 55 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables, submitted to IEEE Communications
Surveys & Tutorial
One-Shot Messaging at Any Load Through Random Sub-Channeling in OFDM
Compressive Sensing has well boosted massive random access protocols over the
last decade. In this paper we apply an orthogonal FFT basis as it is used in
OFDM, but subdivide its image into so-called sub-channels and let each
sub-channel take only a fraction of the load. In a random fashion the
subdivision is consecutively applied over a suitable number of time-slots.
Within the time-slots the users will not change their sub-channel assignment
and send in parallel the data. Activity detection is carried out jointly across
time-slots in each of the sub-channels. For such system design we derive three
rather fundamental results: i) First, we prove that the subdivision can be
driven to the extent that the activity in each sub-channel is sparse by design.
An effect that we call sparsity capture effect. ii) Second, we prove that
effectively the system can sustain any overload situation relative to the FFT
dimension, i.e. detection failure of active and non-active users can be kept
below any desired threshold regardless of the number of users. The only price
to pay is delay, i.e. the number of time-slots over which cross-detection is
performed. We achieve this by jointly exploring the effect of measure
concentration in time and frequency and careful system parameter scaling. iii)
Third, we prove that parallel to activity detection active users can carry one
symbol per pilot resource and time-slot so it supports so-called one-shot
messaging.
The key to proving these results are new concentration results for sequences
of randomly sub-sampled FFTs detecting the sparse vectors "en bloc".
Eventually, we show by simulations that the system is scalable resulting in a
coarsely 30-fold capacity increase compared to standard OFDM
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