562 research outputs found
Upper bounds on the k-forcing number of a graph
Given a simple undirected graph and a positive integer , the
-forcing number of , denoted , is the minimum number of vertices
that need to be initially colored so that all vertices eventually become
colored during the discrete dynamical process described by the following rule.
Starting from an initial set of colored vertices and stopping when all vertices
are colored: if a colored vertex has at most non-colored neighbors, then
each of its non-colored neighbors becomes colored. When , this is
equivalent to the zero forcing number, usually denoted with , a recently
introduced invariant that gives an upper bound on the maximum nullity of a
graph. In this paper, we give several upper bounds on the -forcing number.
Notable among these, we show that if is a graph with order and
maximum degree , then . This simplifies to, for the zero forcing number case
of , . Moreover, when and the graph is -connected, we prove that , which is an improvement when , and
specializes to, for the zero forcing number case, . These results resolve a problem posed by
Meyer about regular bipartite circulant graphs. Finally, we present a
relationship between the -forcing number and the connected -domination
number. As a corollary, we find that the sum of the zero forcing number and
connected domination number is at most the order for connected graphs.Comment: 15 pages, 0 figure
Disjunctive Total Domination in Graphs
Let be a graph with no isolated vertex. In this paper, we study a
parameter that is a relaxation of arguably the most important domination
parameter, namely the total domination number, . A set of
vertices in is a disjunctive total dominating set of if every vertex is
adjacent to a vertex of or has at least two vertices in at distance2
from it. The disjunctive total domination number, , is the
minimum cardinality of such a set. We observe that . We prove that if is a connected graph of order, then
and we characterize the extremal graphs. It is
known that if is a connected claw-free graph of order, then and this upper bound is tight for arbitrarily large. We show this
upper bound can be improved significantly for the disjunctive total domination
number. We show that if is a connected claw-free graph of order,
then and we characterize the graphs achieving equality
in this bound.Comment: 23 page
Linear-Delay Enumeration for Minimal Steiner Problems
Kimelfeld and Sagiv [Kimelfeld and Sagiv, PODS 2006], [Kimelfeld and Sagiv,
Inf. Syst. 2008] pointed out the problem of enumerating -fragments is of
great importance in a keyword search on data graphs. In a graph-theoretic term,
the problem corresponds to enumerating minimal Steiner trees in (directed)
graphs. In this paper, we propose a linear-delay and polynomial-space algorithm
for enumerating all minimal Steiner trees, improving on a previous result in
[Kimelfeld and Sagiv, Inf. Syst. 2008]. Our enumeration algorithm can be
extended to other Steiner problems, such as minimal Steiner forests, minimal
terminal Steiner trees, and minimal directed Steiner trees. As another variant
of the minimal Steiner tree enumeration problem, we study the problem of
enumerating minimal induced Steiner subgraphs. We propose a polynomial-delay
and exponential-space enumeration algorithm of minimal induced Steiner
subgraphs on claw-free graphs. Contrary to these tractable results, we show
that the problem of enumerating minimal group Steiner trees is at least as hard
as the minimal transversal enumeration problem on hypergraphs
Extremal Infinite Graph Theory
We survey various aspects of infinite extremal graph theory and prove several
new results. The lead role play the parameters connectivity and degree. This
includes the end degree. Many open problems are suggested.Comment: 41 pages, 16 figure
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