Interkulturelle Kommunikation, Dialog- und Konfliktforschung: Einige Bemerkungen zum Forschungsgegenstand, zu den Erkenntniszielen und Untersuchungsmethoden der anthropozentrischen Kulturologie

Intercultural Communication, Dialogue and Conflict Studies: Some Remarks on the object of investigation, the finality of research and the methods of analysis of anthropocentric culturology.The paper presents the main issues of anthropocentric culturology as an autonomous scientific discipline which differentiate itself in the context of the Anthropocentric Theory of Languages and Cultures. It presents in a synthetic way the object of investigation, the finalities and the research methods of this discipline on the base of selected topics: Intercultural Communication, Dialogue and Conflict Studies, Communication face-to -face

The Words of War: A Content Analysis of Republican Presidential Speeches from Dwight D. Eisenhower, Richard M. Nixon, George W. Bush, and Donald J. Trump

In this analysis of public speeches from four American presidents from the Republican party, the ways in which those presidents discuss and position American defense activities and stances are examined, to track the progression from the 1960s to the present. Presidents from one party were chosen, who presided over a period of active armed conflict or cold war. The addresses analyzed comprised public addresses to Congress or the American people. The analysis groups recurring frames--conceptually developed based on framing and agenda setting theories--into thematic categories for each president. Some frames were more salient for certain presidents than for others. Other frames were common and pervaded the presidents’ remarks to Congress and the public. America’s struggle against a faceless enemy, American military might as a guarantor of, and the importance of the United States’ commitments to its international partners were all prevailing frames which emerged in the analysis

Gender, Konflikt, Konfliktbearbeitung. Zivile und militärische Ansätze, Forderungen und Probleme

Since the adoption of the UN-resolution 1325 in 2000, gender awareness has increased in the analysis, prevention and resolution of conflicts and wars. Particularly in the political field of conflict resolution countless educational studies, commentaries and manuals have been produced. They are based on the assumption that gender identities are not only influential factors in wars and violent conflicts, but they are also influenced by them and therefore affect the reconstruction of societies in post-conflict periods. In this working paper a broad overview of feminist approaches in the field of peace and conflict studies will be given. It will focus on the importance of gender identities before, during and after violent conflicts in civil sectors as well as in military contexts. Special attention will be given to international demands on gender mainstreaming in conflict management, peace-keeping and peace-building processes and how these are implemented in conflict resolution processes on military peace-keeping. The paper ends with an analysis of the current German efforts of the implementation of gender issues in peace building-contexts and some critical remarks

ERISA Qualified Pension Plan Benefits as Property of the Bankruptcy Estate: The Unanswered Questions after Patterson v. Shumate

To better understand the impact of Patterson, as well as future debates regarding conflict between state and federal law in the Bankruptcy Code, this article will review the underlying case law that set the stage for this judicial showdown. Part II specifically analyzes the competing case lines which excluded pension plan benefits from the bankruptcy estate. Part III briefly summarizes those cases which concluded that plan benefits must be included in the estate but may be subject to exemption under state or federal law. Part IV reviews the Patterson opinion in detail, as well as the issues and analysis presented by the Court, and Part V addresses the open questions that remain after Patterson . Finally, some concluding remarks are offered to summarize the importance of Patterson in terms of its impact on uniform treatment of debtors regardless of jurisdiction, as well as the possibility of future conflicts over Bankruptcy Code language given the Supreme Court\u27s reliance on the so-called plain meaning approach

Does quantum nonlocality irremediably conflict with Special Relativity?

We reconsider the problem of the compatibility of quantum nonlocality and the requests for a relativistically invariant theoretical scheme. We begin by discussing a recent important paper by T. Norsen [arXiv:0808.2178] on this problem and we enlarge our considerations to give a general picture of the conceptually relevant issue to which this paper is devoted.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figur

State opinio juris and international humanitarian law pluralism

International humanitarian law has developed through a pluralistic process. Its history reveals a pattern of rough proportionality between State opinio juris and non-State expressions of law. These diverse sources have maintained a respectable yet realistic balance between humanity and military necessity. However, current IHL dialogue presents a stark contrast to the vibrant and pluralistic exchanges of the past. The substantive input of non-State actors such as non-governmental organizations, tribunals, and scholars far outpaces the work of States. Parity of input, especially in quantitative terms, is surely too much to demand and surely not necessary given the special status of State opinio juris. However, States’ legal agencies and agents should be equipped, organized, and re-empowered to participate actively in the interpretation and development of IHL. This article, extracted from a larger work, argues that reinvigorating opinio juris would reestablish the pluralistic IHL dialogue that formerly tested, updated, and enriched the balance between military necessity and humanity

Kinds of conversational cooperation

The Cooperative Principle was the organizing principle in Grice’s pragmatics. More recently, cooperation has played a reduced role in pragmatic theory. The principle has been attacked on the grounds that people are not always or generally cooperative. One response to that objection is to say that there are two kinds of cooperation and Grice’s principle only applies to the narrower kind, which concerns linguistic or formal cooperation. I argue that such a distinction is only defensible if it is accepted that linguistic cooperation can be determined by an extra-linguistic goal. To make distinctions among types of cooperation is helpful but this strategy does not remove all concerns about speakers who are not fully cooperative and in particular the operation of the principle needs to be qualified in situations of conflict of interest. I propose that the principle, once qualified, can have a significant continuing role in pragmatic theory

Building the Clinton Legacy Through Frame Alignment

This article examines Clinton’s rhetorical strategy for creating a legacy in light of the imminent end of his second and final term as president. By examining Clinton’s public discourse from 1997 to 1999, with special attention to the period from September 1998 to June 1999, this article argues that Clinton used the frame of his race initiative to centripetally incorporate varied events and policies to redefine and bolster his legacy in the aftermath of scandal and political polarity. Specifically, President Clinton, with an eye on the legacy of the president and the identity of the Democratic Party, gathered the war in Kosovo and the shootings in Littleton, Colorado, along with their attendant disparate policies into one rhetorical frame, thereby supplying a conception of what Clinton’s 6 years as president had been about, a vision and mission for America, and an identity for the Democratic party distinct from the Republicans