2,052 research outputs found
Isolated neutron stars and studies of their interiors
In these lectures presented at Baikal summer school on physics of elementary
particles and astrophysics 2011, I present a wide view of neutron star
astrophysics with special attention paid to young isolated compact objects and
studies of the properties of neutron star interiors using astronomical methods.Comment: 28 pages, lecture notes for the Baikal-2011 summer school on physics
of elementary particles and astrophysic
Probing the neutron star interior and the Equation of State of cold dense matter with the SKA
With an average density higher than the nuclear density, neutron stars (NS)
provide a unique test-ground for nuclear physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD),
and nuclear superfluidity. Determination of the fundamental interactions that
govern matter under such extreme conditions is one of the major unsolved
problems of modern physics, and -- since it is impossible to replicate these
conditions on Earth -- a major scientific motivation for SKA. The most
stringent observational constraints come from measurements of NS bulk
properties: each model for the microscopic behaviour of matter predicts a
specific density-pressure relation (its `Equation of state', EOS). This
generates a unique mass-radius relation which predicts a characteristic radius
for a large range of masses and a maximum mass above which NS collapse to black
holes. It also uniquely predicts other bulk quantities, like maximum spin
frequency and moment of inertia. The SKA, in Phase 1 and particularly in Phase
2 will, thanks to the exquisite timing precision enabled by its raw
sensitivity, and surveys that dramatically increase the number of sources: 1)
Provide many more precise NS mass measurements (high mass NS measurements are
particularly important for ruling out EOS models); 2) Allow the measurement of
the NS moment of inertia in highly relativistic binaries such as the Double
Pulsar; 3) Greatly increase the number of fast-spinning NS, with the potential
discovery of spin frequencies above those allowed by some EOS models; 4)
Improve our knowledge of new classes of binary pulsars such as black widows and
redbacks (which may be massive as a class) through sensitive broad-band radio
observations; and 5) Improve our understanding of dense matter superfluidity
and the state of matter in the interior through the study of rotational
glitches, provided that an ad-hoc campaign is developed.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, to be published in: "Advancing Astrophysics with
the Square Kilometre Array", Proceedings of Science, PoS(AASKA14)04
Frame difference families and resolvable balanced incomplete block designs
Frame difference families, which can be obtained via a careful use of
cyclotomic conditions attached to strong difference families, play an important
role in direct constructions for resolvable balanced incomplete block designs.
We establish asymptotic existences for several classes of frame difference
families. As corollaries new infinite families of 1-rotational
-RBIBDs over are
derived, and the existence of -RBIBDs is discussed. We construct
-RBIBDs for , whose
existence were previously in doubt. As applications, we establish asymptotic
existences for an infinite family of optimal constant composition codes and an
infinite family of strictly optimal frequency hopping sequences.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1702.0750
Microscopic Clustering in Light Nuclei
We review recent experimental and theoretical progress in understanding the
microscopic details of clustering in light nuclei. We discuss recent
experimental results on -conjugate systems, molecular structures in
neutron-rich nuclei, and constraints for ab initio theory. We then examine
nuclear clustering in a wide range of theoretical methods, including the
resonating group and generator coordinate methods, antisymmetrized molecular
dynamics, Tohsaki-Horiuchi-Schuck-R\"opke wave function and container model,
no-core shell model methods, continuum quantum Monte Carlo, and lattice
effective field theory.Comment: Accepted for publication in Review of Modern Physics, 50 pages, 28
figures, minor change to titl
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