728 research outputs found
Designing role-based view for object-relational databases
In a federated database system, a view mechanism is crucial since it is used to define exportable subsets of data ; to perform a virtual restructuring d ataset; and to construct the integrated schema. The view service in federated databa se systems must be capable of retaining as much semantic information as possible. The object-oriented ( 0 - 0 ) model was considered the suitable canonical data model since it meets the original criteria for canonical model selection. However, with the emergence of stronger object-relational (0 -R ) model, the re is a clear argument for using an 0 - R canonical model in the federation. Hence, research should now focus on th e development of semantically powerful view mechanism for th e newer model. Meanwhile, the availability of real 0 -R technologies offers researchers the opportunity to develop different forms of view mechanisms.
The concept of roles has been widely studied in 0 - 0 modelling and development. The role model represents some characteristics that the traditional 0-0 model lacked, such as object migration, multiple occurrences and context-dependent access. While many forms of 0-0 views were designed for the 0-0 canonical model, one option was to extend the 0-0 model to incorporate a role model. In a role model, the real entity is modelled in the form of a role rather than an object. An object represents the permanent properties of an entity is a root object; and an object represents the temporary properties of an entity is a role object.
The contribution of this research is to design a view system that employees the concept of roles for the 0 -R canonical model in a federated database system. In this thesis, an examination of the current 0 -R metamodel is provided first in order to provide an environment for recognising the roleview metadata and measuring the view performance; then a Roleview Definition Language (RDL) is introduced, along with the semantics for defining virtual classes and generating virtua l extents; finally, a working prototype is provided to prove th e role-based view system is implementable and the syntax is semantically correct
Human-Machine Collaborative Optimization via Apprenticeship Scheduling
Coordinating agents to complete a set of tasks with intercoupled temporal and
resource constraints is computationally challenging, yet human domain experts
can solve these difficult scheduling problems using paradigms learned through
years of apprenticeship. A process for manually codifying this domain knowledge
within a computational framework is necessary to scale beyond the
``single-expert, single-trainee" apprenticeship model. However, human domain
experts often have difficulty describing their decision-making processes,
causing the codification of this knowledge to become laborious. We propose a
new approach for capturing domain-expert heuristics through a pairwise ranking
formulation. Our approach is model-free and does not require enumerating or
iterating through a large state space. We empirically demonstrate that this
approach accurately learns multifaceted heuristics on a synthetic data set
incorporating job-shop scheduling and vehicle routing problems, as well as on
two real-world data sets consisting of demonstrations of experts solving a
weapon-to-target assignment problem and a hospital resource allocation problem.
We also demonstrate that policies learned from human scheduling demonstration
via apprenticeship learning can substantially improve the efficiency of a
branch-and-bound search for an optimal schedule. We employ this human-machine
collaborative optimization technique on a variant of the weapon-to-target
assignment problem. We demonstrate that this technique generates solutions
substantially superior to those produced by human domain experts at a rate up
to 9.5 times faster than an optimization approach and can be applied to
optimally solve problems twice as complex as those solved by a human
demonstrator.Comment: Portions of this paper were published in the Proceedings of the
International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) in 2016 and
in the Proceedings of Robotics: Science and Systems (RSS) in 2016. The paper
consists of 50 pages with 11 figures and 4 table
A Thermal Gradient Approach for the Quasi-Harmonic Approximation and its Application to Improved Treatment of Anisotropic Expansion
We present a novel approach to efficiently implement thermal expansion in the
quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) for both isotropic and more importantly,
anisotropic expansion. In this approach, we rapidly determine a crystal's
equilibrium volume and shape at a given temperature by integrating along the
gradient of expansion from zero Kelvin up to the desired temperature. We
compare our approach to previous isotropic methods that rely on a brute-force
grid search to determine the free energy minimum, which is infeasible to carry
out for anisotropic expansion, as well as quasi-anisotropic approaches that
take into account the contributions to anisotropic expansion from the lattice
energy. We compare these methods for experimentally known polymorphs of
piracetam and resorcinol and show that both isotropic methods agree to within
error up to 300 K. Using the Gr\"{u}neisen parameter causes up to 0.04 kcal/mol
deviation in the Gibbs free energy, but for polymorph free energy differences
there is a cancellation in error with all isotropic methods within 0.025
kcal/mol at 300 K.
Anisotropic expansion allows the crystals to relax into lattice geometries
0.01-0.23 kcal/mol lower in energy at 300 K relative to isotropic expansion.
For polymorph free energy differences all QHA methods produced results within
0.02 kcal/mol of each other for resorcinol and 0.12 kcal/mol for piracetam, the
two molecules tested here, demonstrating a cancellation of error for isotropic
methods.
We also find that when expanding in more than a single volume variable, there
is a non-negligible rate of failure of the basic approximations of QHA.
Specifically, while expanding into new harmonic modes as the box vectors are
increased, the system often falls into alternate, structurally distinct
harmonic modes unrelated by continuous deformation from the original harmonic
mode.Comment: 38 pages, including 9 pages supporting informatio
Chaos for the Hyperbolic Bioheat Equation
The Hyperbolic Heat Transfer Equation describes heat processes
in which extremely short periods of time or extreme temperature gradients
are involved. It is already known that there are solutions of this equation
which exhibit a chaotic behaviour, in the sense of Devaney, on certain spaces
of analytic functions with certain growth control. We show that this chaotic
behaviour still appears when we add a source term to this equation, i.e. in the
Hyperbolic Bioheat Equation. These results can also be applied for the Wave
Equation and for a higher order version of the Hyperbolic Bioheat Equation.The authors are supported in part by MEC and FEDER, Projects MTM2010-14909 and MTM2013-47093-P.Conejero, JA.; RĂłdenas EscribĂĄ, FDA.; Trujillo Guillen, M. (2015). Chaos for the Hyperbolic Bioheat Equation. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - Series A. 35(2):653-668. doi:10.3934/dcds.2015.35.653S65366835
Petroleum Reservoir Simulation Using 3-D Finite Element Method With Parallel Implementation.
Modeling fluid flow around wellbores with conventional reservoir simulators is inaccurate because radial flow occurs in the vicinity of the wellbore and these simulators use cartesian coordinates. In this research, we present a more accurate wellbore simulation by incorporating the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the radial flow in the vicinity of the wellbore and interfacing this finite element wellbore model with an existing finite difference method (FDM) reservoir simulator. Although this technique was developed for a vertical well, it could also be used to accurately model a horizontal wellbore. This hybrid solution is for three dimensional---triphasic fluid flow and allows a more rigorous treatment of the near-well flow. The reservoir region, where flow geometry is linear, is simulated with the cartesian grid using finite differences. The reservoir simulator used for this research was the US Department of Energy\u27s Black Oil Applied Simulation Tool (BOAST II). Two problems furnished by the Department of Energy were used to test the effectiveness of our solution. The first was a single stratum three phase system. The second was a three strata three phase gas injection problem. Finally, our stand alone model could actually be interfaced with almost any other finite difference fluid flow simulator; whether it is for petroleum reservoirs, underground water, or hazardous waste management
Optimal Designs of Mobile Nuclear Engines to Power Manned Vehicles On Mars
This work develops original conceptual designs for compact nuclear fission reactor engines to power robust mobile equipment operating on the surface of the planet Mars. This is a nuclear application area not well explored in previous publications. Some novel analytical approaches are developed herein, including the application of optimal control theory to minimize radiation shielding mass. This work also provides the first study of using another planet\u27s atmosphere to implement open-cycle thermal conversion systems.
To power equipment on Mars for extended durations at sustained power levels ranging from one hundred horsepower to several thousand horsepower, there is no practical alternative to a nuclear fission heat source. Design difficulties arise from mobility\u27s need to restrict engine size and mass, each of which is, in turn, determined by the schemes chosen for thermal conversion waste heat rejection and for neutron and gamma radiation shielding.
The conceptual design solutions pursued herein entirely avoid a large waste heat rejection radiator or low pressure heat exchanger by instead using the martian air directly as the thermal conversion fluid. This Open Brayton Cycle implementation unconventionally employs large-diameter radial-flow compressor/turbine designs for the lower pressure air-flow stages in order to obtain sufficient efficiency from the low pressure martian air. Design prescriptions and analyses for these rotating components are included.
The radiation shielding mass has been minimized by numerical algorithms developed as part of this work to solve the Euler-Lagrange equations for a minimum mass shield meeting stated radiation leakage requirements. In addition, a risk-balancing approach is taken to setting those radiation requirements in order to avoid excessive conservatism
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