Bi-velocity discrete particle swarm optimization and its application to multicast routing problem in communication networks

This paper proposes a novel bi-velocity discrete particle swarm optimization (BVDPSO) approach and extends its application to the NP-complete multicast routing problem (MRP). The main contribution is the extension of PSO from continuous domain to the binary or discrete domain. Firstly, a novel bi-velocity strategy is developed to represent possibilities of each dimension being 1 and 0. This strategy is suitable to describe the binary characteristic of the MRP where 1 stands for a node being selected to construct the multicast tree while 0 stands for being otherwise. Secondly, BVDPSO updates the velocity and position according to the learning mechanism of the original PSO in continuous domain. This maintains the fast convergence speed and global search ability of the original PSO. Experiments are comprehensively conducted on all of the 58 instances with small, medium, and large scales in the OR-library (Operation Research Library). The results confirm that BVDPSO can obtain optimal or near-optimal solutions rapidly as it only needs to generate a few multicast trees. BVDPSO outperforms not only several state-of-the-art and recent heuristic algorithms for the MRP problems, but also algorithms based on GA, ACO, and PSO

Multiobjective multicast routing with Ant Colony Optimization

This work presents a multiobjective algorithm for multicast traffic engineering. The proposed algorithm is a new version of MultiObjective Ant Colony System (MOACS), based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The proposed MOACS simultaneously optimizes the maximum link utilization, the cost of the multicast tree, the averages delay and the maximum endtoend delay. In this way, a set of optimal solutions, known as Pareto set is calculated in only one run of the algorithm, without a priori restrictions. Experimental results obtained with the proposed MOACS were compared to a recently published Multiobjective Multicast Algorithm (MMA), showing a promising performance advantage for multicast traffic engineering.5th IFIP International Conference on Network Control & Engineering for QoS, Security and MobilityRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

An improved MOEA/D algorithm for multi-objective multicast routing with network coding

Network coding enables higher network throughput, more balanced traffic, and securer data transmission. However, complicated mathematical operations incur when packets are combined at intermediate nodes, which, if not operated properly, lead to very high network resource consumption and unacceptable delay. Therefore, it is of vital importance to minimize various network resources and end-to-end delays while exploiting promising benefits of network coding. Multicast has been used in increasingly more applications, such as video conferencing and remote education. In this paper the multicast routing problem with network coding is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem (MOP), where the total coding cost, the total link cost and the end-to-end delay are minimized simultaneously. We adapt the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) for this MOP by hybridizing it with a population-based incremental learning technique which makes use of the global and historical information collected to provide additional guidance to the evolutionary search. Three new schemes are devised to facilitate the performance improvement, including a probability-based initialization scheme, a problem-specific population updating rule, and a hybridized reproduction operator. Experimental results clearly demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms a number of state-of-the-art MOEAs regarding the solution quality and computational time

A simulated annealing based genetic local search algorithm for multi-objective multicast routing problems

This paper presents a new hybrid evolutionary algorithm to solve multi-objective multicast routing problems in telecommunication networks. The algorithm combines simulated annealing based strategies and a genetic local search, aiming at a more flexible and effective exploration and exploitation in the search space of the complex problem to find more non-dominated solutions in the Pareto Front. Due to the complex structure of the multicast tree, crossover and mutation operators have been specifically devised concerning the features and constraints in the problem. A new adaptive mutation probability based on simulated annealing is proposed in the hybrid algorithm to adaptively adjust the mutation rate according to the fitness of the new solution against the average quality of the current population during the evolution procedure. Two simulated annealing based search direction tuning strategies are applied to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the hybrid evolutionary algorithm. Simulations have been carried out on some benchmark multi-objective multicast routing instances and a large amount of random networks with five real world objectives including cost, delay, link utilisations, average delay and delay variation in telecommunication networks. Experimental results demonstrate that both the simulated annealing based strategies and the genetic local search within the proposed multi-objective algorithm, compared with other multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, can efficiently identify high quality non-dominated solution set for multi-objective multicast routing problems and outperform other conventional multi-objective evolutionary algorithms in the literature

Multiobjective multicast routing with Ant Colony Optimization

This work presents a multiobjective algorithm for multicast traffic engineering. The proposed algorithm is a new version of MultiObjective Ant Colony System (MOACS), based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The proposed MOACS simultaneously optimizes the maximum link utilization, the cost of the multicast tree, the averages delay and the maximum endtoend delay. In this way, a set of optimal solutions, known as Pareto set is calculated in only one run of the algorithm, without a priori restrictions. Experimental results obtained with the proposed MOACS were compared to a recently published Multiobjective Multicast Algorithm (MMA), showing a promising performance advantage for multicast traffic engineering.5th IFIP International Conference on Network Control & Engineering for QoS, Security and MobilityRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Using Ant Colonization Optimization to Control Difficulty in Video Game AI.

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is an algorithm which simulates ant foraging behavior. When ants search for food they leave pheromone trails to tell other ants which paths to take to find food. ACO has been adapted to many different problems in computer science: mainly variations on shortest path algorithms for graphs and networks. ACO can be adapted to work as a form of communication between separate agents in a video game AI. By controlling the effectiveness of this communication, the difficulty of the game should be able to be controlled. Experimentation has shown that ACO works effectively as a form of communication between agents and supports that ACO is an effective form of difficulty control. However, further experimentation is needed to definitively show that ACO is effective at controlling difficulty and to show that it will also work in a large scale system

Multicast routing and wavelength assignment in optical networks with particle swarm optimization

Large bandwidth on hand in WDM networks is the best choice for increasing tra c demand; although, routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problems still remain a challenge. This work proposes a novel method to solve multicast-RWA problems, using multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), implementing four competitive ap- proaches of state-of-the-art. Such algorithms minimize simultaneously the hop count, the number of splitting power light, the number of split- ter node and the balancing of multicast tree for a given set of multicast demands. This way, a set of optimal solutions (known as Pareto set) is obtained in one run of the algorithms, without a priori restrictions. Sim- ulation results prove the viability of the PSO proposal and the advantage compared on classical approaches as Multicast Open Shortest Path First routing algorithm and Least Used wavelength assignment algorithm.IV Workshop Arquitectura, Redes y Sistemas Operativos (WARSO)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Cloud computing resource scheduling and a survey of its evolutionary approaches

A disruptive technology fundamentally transforming the way that computing services are delivered, cloud computing offers information and communication technology users a new dimension of convenience of resources, as services via the Internet. Because cloud provides a finite pool of virtualized on-demand resources, optimally scheduling them has become an essential and rewarding topic, where a trend of using Evolutionary Computation (EC) algorithms is emerging rapidly. Through analyzing the cloud computing architecture, this survey first presents taxonomy at two levels of scheduling cloud resources. It then paints a landscape of the scheduling problem and solutions. According to the taxonomy, a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art approaches is presented systematically. Looking forward, challenges and potential future research directions are investigated and invited, including real-time scheduling, adaptive dynamic scheduling, large-scale scheduling, multiobjective scheduling, and distributed and parallel scheduling. At the dawn of Industry 4.0, cloud computing scheduling for cyber-physical integration with the presence of big data is also discussed. Research in this area is only in its infancy, but with the rapid fusion of information and data technology, more exciting and agenda-setting topics are likely to emerge on the horizon