1,831 research outputs found
Interaction of Vortices in Complex Vector Field and Stability of a ``Vortex Molecule''
We consider interaction of vortices in the vector complex Ginzburg--Landau
equation (CVGLE). In the limit of small field coupling, it is found
analytically that the interaction between well-separated defects in two
different fields is long-range, in contrast to interaction between defects in
the same field which falls off exponentially. In a certain region of parameters
of CVGLE, we find stable rotating bound states of two defects -- a ``vortex
molecule".Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Entanglement entropy in quantum spin chains with finite range interaction
We study the entropy of entanglement of the ground state in a wide family of
one-dimensional quantum spin chains whose interaction is of finite range and
translation invariant. Such systems can be thought of as generalizations of the
XY model. The chain is divided in two parts: one containing the first
consecutive L spins; the second the remaining ones. In this setting the entropy
of entanglement is the von Neumann entropy of either part. At the core of our
computation is the explicit evaluation of the leading order term as L tends to
infinity of the determinant of a block-Toeplitz matrix whose symbol belongs to
a general class of 2 x 2 matrix functions. The asymptotics of such determinant
is computed in terms of multi-dimensional theta-functions associated to a
hyperelliptic curve of genus g >= 1, which enter into the solution of a
Riemann-Hilbert problem. Phase transitions for thes systems are characterized
by the branch points of the hyperelliptic curve approaching the unit circle. In
these circumstances the entropy diverges logarithmically. We also recover, as
particular cases, the formulae for the entropy discovered by Jin and Korepin
(2004) for the XX model and Its, Jin and Korepin (2005,2006) for the XY model.Comment: 75 pages, 10 figures. Revised version with minor correction
Initial Value Problem in General Relativity
This article, written to appear as a chapter in "The Springer Handbook of
Spacetime", is a review of the initial value problem for Einstein's
gravitational field theory in general relativity. Designed to be accessible to
graduate students who have taken a first course in general relativity, the
article first discusses how to reformulate the spacetime fields and spacetime
covariant field equations of Einstein's theory in terms of fields and field
equations compatible with a 3+1 foliation of spacetime with spacelike
hypersurfaces. It proceeds to discuss the arguments which show that the initial
value problem for Einstein's theory is well-posed, in the sense that for any
given set of initial data satisfying the Einstein constraint equations, there
is a (maximal) spacetime solution of the full set of Einstein equations,
compatible with the given set of data. The article then describes how to
generate initial data sets which satisfy the Einstein constraints, using the
conformal (and conformal thin sandwich) method, and using gluing techniques.
The article concludes with comments regarding stability and long term behavior
of solutions of Einstein's equations generated via the initial value problem.Comment: To appear as a chapter in "The Springer Handbook of Spacetime,"
edited by A. Ashtekar and V. Petkov. (Springer-Verlag, at Press
Dynamic Front Transitions and Spiral-Vortex Nucleation
This is a study of front dynamics in reaction diffusion systems near
Nonequilibrium Ising-Bloch bifurcations. We find that the relation between
front velocity and perturbative factors, such as external fields and curvature,
is typically multivalued. This unusual form allows small perturbations to
induce dynamic transitions between counter-propagating fronts and nucleate
spiral vortices. We use these findings to propose explanations for a few
numerical and experimental observations including spiral breakup driven by
advective fields, and spot splitting
Turing pattern formation in the Brusselator system with nonlinear diffusion
In this work we investigate the effect of density dependent nonlinear
diffusion on pattern formation in the Brusselator system. Through linear
stability analysis of the basic solution we determine the Turing and the
oscillatory instability boundaries. A comparison with the classical linear
diffusion shows how nonlinear diffusion favors the occurrence of Turing pattern
formation. We study the process of pattern formation both in 1D and 2D spatial
domains. Through a weakly nonlinear multiple scales analysis we derive the
equations for the amplitude of the stationary patterns. The analysis of the
amplitude equations shows the occurrence of a number of different phenomena,
including stable supercritical and subcritical Turing patterns with multiple
branches of stable solutions leading to hysteresis. Moreover we consider
traveling patterning waves: when the domain size is large, the pattern forms
sequentially and traveling wavefronts are the precursors to patterning. We
derive the Ginzburg-Landau equation and describe the traveling front enveloping
a pattern which invades the domain. We show the emergence of radially symmetric
target patterns, and through a matching procedure we construct the outer
amplitude equation and the inner core solution.Comment: Physical Review E, 201
Emergence of a singularity for Toeplitz determinants and Painleve V
We obtain asymptotic expansions for Toeplitz determinants corresponding to a
family of symbols depending on a parameter . For positive, the symbols
are regular so that the determinants obey Szeg\H{o}'s strong limit theorem. If
, the symbol possesses a Fisher-Hartwig singularity. Letting we
analyze the emergence of a Fisher-Hartwig singularity and a transition between
the two different types of asymptotic behavior for Toeplitz determinants. This
transition is described by a special Painlev\'e V transcendent. A particular
case of our result complements the classical description of Wu, McCoy, Tracy,
and Barouch of the behavior of a 2-spin correlation function for a large
distance between spins in the two-dimensional Ising model as the phase
transition occurs.Comment: 46 page
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