4,783 research outputs found
Solutions to the GSM Security Weaknesses
Recently, the mobile industry has experienced an extreme increment in number
of its users. The GSM network with the greatest worldwide number of users
succumbs to several security vulnerabilities. Although some of its security
problems are addressed in its upper generations, there are still many operators
using 2G systems. This paper briefly presents the most important security flaws
of the GSM network and its transport channels. It also provides some practical
solutions to improve the security of currently available 2G systems.Comment: 6 Pages, 2 Figure
M-Commerce Implementation in Nigeria: Trends and Issues
Nigeria was described as the fastest growing telecoms nation in Africa and the third in the World. The country had experienced a phenomenal growth from a teledensity of 0.49 in 2000 to 25.22 in 2007. This trend has brought about a monumental development in the major sectors of the economy, such as banking, telecoms and commerce in general.
This paper presents the level of adoption of ICT in the banking sector and investigates the prospects of m-Commerce in Nigeria based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis.
Findings revealed that all banks in Nigeria offer e-Banking services and about 52% of the offer some forms of m-Banking services. The banks and the telecoms operators have enormous potentials and opportunities for m-Commerce but the level of patronage, quality of cell phones, lack of basic infrastructure and security issues pose a major threat to its wide scale implementation
Wireless location: A survey about GSM in location techniques
Security has become one of the most important fea tures in modern computation, especially due to the
point of view of the user. Security issues (like pri vacy or secure use of the application) will be taken
into account during the evaluation of the system by
the final user. Also, it is an important issue for the
developer, due to the reason that the developer
should be sure about the correct performance of the
system. The purpose of this paper is to offer a deep
survey on existent attacks to GSM location adapt ing them from common GSM attacks to location
attacks
Flat Cellular (UMTS) Networks
Traditionally, cellular systems have been built in a hierarchical manner: many specialized cellular access network elements that collectively form a hierarchical cellular system. When 2G and later 3G systems were designed there was a good reason to make system hierarchical: from a cost-perspective it was better to concentrate traffic and to share the cost of processing equipment over a large set of users while keeping the base stations relatively cheap. However, we believe the economic reasons for designing cellular systems in a hierarchical manner have disappeared: in fact, hierarchical architectures hinder future efficient deployments. In this paper, we argue for completely flat cellular wireless systems, which need just one type of specialized network element to provide radio access network (RAN) functionality, supplemented by standard IP-based network elements to form a cellular network. While the reason for building a cellular system in a hierarchical fashion has disappeared, there are other good reasons to make the system architecture flat: (1) as wireless transmission techniques evolve into hybrid ARQ systems, there is less need for a hierarchical cellular system to support spatial diversity; (2) we foresee that future cellular networks are part of the Internet, while hierarchical systems typically use interfaces between network elements that are specific to cellular standards or proprietary. At best such systems use IP as a transport medium, not as a core component; (3) a flat cellular system can be self scaling while a hierarchical system has inherent scaling issues; (4) moving all access technologies to the edge of the network enables ease of converging access technologies into a common packet core; and (5) using an IP common core makes the cellular network part of the Internet
Pendekatan konstruktif dalam inovasi pengajaran dan pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu di Kolej Vokasional
Pendekatan konstruktif adalah pendekatan pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang
berpusatkan pelajar manakala inovasi pengajaran pula dikaitkan dengan kaedah
pengajaran yang terbaru demi mengukuhkan pemahaman pelajar. Pembelajaran
berasaskan pendekatan konstruktif merupakan elemen yang penting dan perlu
difahami oleh guru-guru bagi memantapkan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran
sesuai dengan peredaran masa dan menjayakan proses tranformasi pendidikan
negara. Objektif kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti pemahaman guru-guru
bahasa Melayu berkaitan inovasi, mengenal pasti perbezaan yang wujud antara guru
lelaki dan guru perempuan dalam mengamalkan inovasi, pengkaji juga melihat
adakah wujud perbezaan antara guru baru dan guru yang sudah berpengalaman
dalam aspek mengaplikasikan inovasi serta mengenal pasti kekangan-kekangan yang
dialami oleh para guru untuk mengaplikasikan inovasi di sekolah. Seramai 63 orang
guru bahasa Melayu dari lapan buah kolej vokasional telah dipilih sebagai responden
dalam kajian ini. Data dianalisis menggunakan perisian Winsteps 3.69.1.11 dengan
pendekatan Model Pengukuran Rasch. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa guru�guru bahasa Melayu memahami kepentingan inovasi dalam pengajaran dan
pembelajaran. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan guru-guru perempuan lebih banyak
menerapkan unsur inovasi dalam pengajaran berbanding guru lelaki. Walaupun
begitu, aspek pengalaman tidak menunjukkan perbezaan dari segi pengamalan
inovasi sama ada guru baru ataupun guru yang sudah berpengalaman. Pengkaji juga
mengenal pasti beberapa kekangan yang dialami oleh guru-guru untuk mengamalkan
inovasi ini. Sebagai langkah untuk menangani masalah berkenaan, beberapa
cadangan telah dikemukakan oleh pengkaji bagi memastikan guru-guru dapat
merealisasikan proses pengajaran berkesan dengan penerapan inovasi mengikut
model pendekatan konstruktif. Pengkaji berharap, kajian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai
satu panduan kepada pelaksana kurikulum bagi memastikan budaya inovasi sentiasa
menjadi amalan dalam kalangan guru demi mengangkat profesionalisme guru di
Malaysia
Personal rights management (PRM) : enabling privacy rights in digital online media content
With ubiquitous use of digital camera devices, especially in mobile phones, privacy is no longer threatened by governments and companies only. The new technology creates a new threat by ordinary people, who now have the means to take and distribute pictures of one’s face at no risk and little cost in any situation in public and private spaces. Fast distribution via web based photo albums, online communities and web pages expose an individual’s private life to the public in unpreceeded ways. Social and legal measures are increasingly taken to deal with this problem. In practice however, they lack efficiency, as they are hard to enforce in practice. In this paper, we discuss a supportive infrastructure aiming for the distribution channel; as soon as the picture is publicly available, the exposed individual has a chance to find it and take proper action.Wir stellen ein System zur Wahrnehmung des Rechts am eigenen Bild bei der Veröffentlichung digitaler Fotos, zum Beispiel von Handykameras, im Internet vor. Zur Entdeckung der Veröffentlichung schlagen wir ein Watermarking-Verfahren vor, welches das Auffinden der Bilder durch die potentiell abgebildeten Personen ermöglicht, ohne die Rechte des Fotografen einzuschränken
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