Agrochemical properties : soil fertility parameters in relation to plant nutrition

Soil is an environment with a high degree of heterogeneity from the point of view of the content of nutritious elements and of the mobility and bioavailability of these elements for the crops. The studies and research on which the present paper relies aimed at assessing the level of fertility of the agricultural land in the Banat Plain area on which they practice conventional agricultural systems. Research was carried out at the Didactic Station of the Banat University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine in Timisoara (Romania), in the soil and climate conditions specific to the area of the Banat Plain. The soil within the Didactic Station is a cambic chernozem (cambic phaeozem), poorly gleyed, with a considerable share of the general area (about 85%). Climate conditions can be characterised through multiannual average values, the most important of which are: 603.3 mm precipitations and temperatures reaching 10.9°C. Agro-chemical parameters defining soil fertility and that were studied are: pH, humus content (H), nitrogen index (NI), total nitrogen (Nt), mobile phosphorus (PAL) and available potassium (KAL). The methods with which we determined the studied agro-chemical and fertility indicators are the current ones (colorimetry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry). In order to process the results, we used reference standards for each agro-chemical indicator we studied. Results were characterised within the context of land valorisation through crop rotation with no vegetable crops, which recommends certain reference values in the processing of the results. Soil reaction is within the neuter range, i.e. pH = 7.02. The relatively high degree of saturation in basic cations (V = 85-87%) ensures a good buffering for the pH. Soil stable organic matter content represented by humus has a medium level, i.e. H = 3.2, while the value of the nitrogen index (NI), as a representation of the interaction between H x V, is 2.72. Both values reflect medium soil fertility. The level of mobile phosphorus supply is 23.55 ppm, and the level of assailable potassium is 154.56 ppm. On the whole, among the agro-chemical indicators we studied, soil fertility has a medium level, which asks for fertilisation measures to ensure a high balance between soil and plants allowing high, constant agricultural crops

Germination Characters as Affected by Salinity Stress and Soaking Grain Sorghum Genotypesin Humic acid

In order to investigate salinity stress on sorghum germination indices, an experiment conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University from June and July 2017 in Agronomy Department, Seed Science Laboratory. The goals of the investigation aimed to screening for five (Sorghum bicolor L.(Moench) cultivarsviz. Dorado, hybrid 306, Giza 15, Mecca hybrid and H-305 under salinity stress, sodium chloride (Na Cl) at the levels of 0 (as control), 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 dS/m-1 and soaking in humic acid. The results showed that soaking seed in humic acid exceeded percentage of germination, germination rate, germination index, energy of germination and chlorophyll content by 5.2, 7.7, 17.1, 65.8 and 17.8 %, respectively. The highest germination percentage (91.9 %), germination rate (3.08), germination energy (59.7), seedling vigor index (1483.7) and chlorophyll content (2.88) were obtained from sown Mecca hybrid. The maximum germination index (117.22) was obtainedfrom sown Giza 15 cultivar.The results point out that cumulative salinity level from 3 to 15 dSm-1condensedall studied germination characters. Accumulative salinity levels to 15 dSm-1condensedpercentage of germination, germination rate, index of germination, germination energy and seedling vigor index by 15.9, 15.0, 30.0, 35.9 and 37.6 %, respectively compared without salinity application. It could recommended that soaking sorghum seed of Meeca hybrid with humic acid for 12 h under salinity of concentration of 6 dSm-1 enhanced germination characters compared with other cultivars and salinity concentrations, it mean cultivated it under reclaimed saline soil in Egypt

Characteristics of Soil Fauna Communities and Habitat in Small- Holder Cocoa Plantation in South Konawe

The composition of the soil fauna community have played an important role in regulating decomposition and nutrient cycling in agro-ecosystems (include cocoa plantation). Changes in food availability and conditions in the soil habitat can affected the abundance and diversity of soil fauna. This study aimed: (i) to analyze the pattern of changes in soil fauna community composition and characteristic of soil habitat based on the age increasing of cocoa plantation, and (ii) to identify taxa of soil fauna and factors of soil habitat which differentiate among the cocoa plantations. Sampling of soil, roots and soil fauna was conducted from cocoa plantation aged 4, 5, 7, 10, and 16years. Difference in composition of the soil fauna community between ages of the cocoa plantation is significant. Profile of soil habitats was differ significantly between the cocoa plantations, except 5 and 7 years aged. A group of soil fauna has relatively limited in its movement, and sensitively to changes in temperature, soil acidity, and the availability of food and nitrogen are taxa differentiating between soil fauna communities. Soil physic-chemical conditions that affect metabolic activity, movement, and the availability of food for soil fauna is a  distinguishing factor of the characteristics of the soil habitat between different ages of smallholder cocoa plantations.Keywords: Abundance, arthropod, composition, nematodes [How to Cite: Kilowasid LMH, TS Syamsudin, F X Susilo, E Sulistyawati and H Syaf. 2013. Characteristics of Soil Fauna Communities and Habitat in Small-Holder Cocoa Plantation in South Konawe. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 149-159. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.149][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.149]REFERENCESAdejuyigbe CO, G Tian and GO Adeoye.1999. Soil microarthropod populations under natural and planted fallows in Southwestern Nigeria. 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Soil Biol Biochem 40: 2079-2087

Utah Science Vol. 33 No. 1, March 1972

Ecology, environment, and natural resource scientists-an editorial, Thadis W. Box 3 Wildlife Notes 4, 34 There is a difference between saying and doing, H. K. Hancock 5 New dean of agriculture appointed 6 Answering questions about tourism-a growing economic development tool, John D. Hunt, Perry J. Brown and John H. Schomaker 7 Range productivity and economics, John P. Workman, John C. Malechek and Arthur D. Smith 10 Behavioral control of vertebrate pests, D. F. Balph and C. V. Grant 12 The plant ecology of Utah\u27s desert rangelands, Martyn M. Caldwell and Neil E. West 14 Associate dean of agriculture appointed 15 How others see us, John D. Hunt and Lois M. Cox 16 Desert Biome Research Program: mapping an ecosystem, Frederic H. Wagner 17 The chemistry and geology of Blacksmith Fork-the chemical profile of a stream, G. E. Hart, A. R. Southard, and J. S. Williams 19 A legend in danger-prairie dogs, G. Donald Collier and J. Juan Spillett 22 Regional climatic planning-guide for Utah, E. Arlo Richardson 26 Subatmospheric pressure storage of fruits and vegetables, M. T. Wu and D. K. Salunkhe 29 Soil classification and mapping in Utah- from 1899 to 1972, LeMoyne Wilson and Alvin R. Southard 32 Utah Science index for Volume 32, 1971 3

Vertical distribution and radiological risk assessment of 137Cs and natural radionuclides in soil samples

The aims of this study were to investigate the vertical distributions of natural radionuclides 232Th, 226Ra and 40K as well as anthropogenic radionuclide 137Cs in soil samples and to analyze the correlation among the radioactivity of these radionuclides and the physiochemical characteristics of soil samples namely pH, grain size, carbonate content and organic matter. Risk assessment of the radiological hazard has also been estimated. Forty-four soil samples were collected from eleven locations in Qatar at four depth levels from 0 to 16 cm. The average concentrations of 232Th, 226Ra, 40K and 137Cs in the soil depth of 16 cm were 10, 17, 201 and 4 Bq/kg, respectively, which were within the reported world mean. The external absorbed gamma dose rate, the annual effective dose, the mean radium equivalent activity, the external hazard index and the lifetime cancer risk were 22 nGy/h, 0.027 mSv/y, 47 Bq/kg, 0.125 and 0.096 × 10−3, respectively. These values were far below the minimum recommended international values. The level of radioactivity concentrations in the soil was affected by the physiochemical characteristics of the soil. The positive correlation with highest R2 value was found among the radioactivity concentrations of 232Th and 40K and the soil clay content. Total organic carbon was also positively correlated for 226Ra and 137Cs activity concentrations, whereas, carbonate content was negatively correlated with the radioactivity concentrations of 232Th and 40K. As far as soil moisture content is concerned, the positive correlation with highest R2 value was obtained for 226Ra activity concentrations. © 2019, The Author(s).The authors wish to acknowledge the Environmental Science Center (ESC) and Central Laboratory Unit at Qatar University for providing support to physiochemical characteristics of the collected soil samples. We also thanks the ministry of municipality and environment-radiation and chemical protection for analyzing the radioactivity concentration. The publication of this article was funded by the Qatar National Library.Scopu

Efectos de varios tiempos de cosecha continua en la estructura de los nematodos del suelo en los campos de algodón en Xinjiang, China

Cosechas continuas a largo plazo de algodón han conducido a pérdidas agrícolas substanciales. Sin embargo, la cosecha continua de algodón podría mantener altos rendimientos del cultivo durante varios años en algunas áreas. La composición y estructura de las comunidades de nematodos del suelo se investigaron para explorar el efecto de cosechas continuas y profundidades del suelo en estas comunidades. Se recolectaron muestras de suelo a dos profundidades (0-20 y 20-40 cm desde la superficie del suelo) en campos de algodón con una historia de 5, 10, 15 ó 20 años de cosechas continuas en la región de Karamay. Se determinaron 36 géneros de nematodos. Hubo diferencias significativas en el número total de nematodos y grupos tróficos entre años de cosecha continua. El mayor número de todos los nematodos se observó a 20-40 cm de profundidad del suelo bajo cosechas continuas de algodón de 10 años, y el menor número a 20-40 cm de profundidad bajo cosechas continuas de 5 años de dicho cultivo. Hubo efectos significativos de las profundidades de suelo en la densidad de fungívoros y parásitos vegetales. Los efectos de cosechas continuas en las comunidades de nematodos del suelo se podrían observar por valores de índices ecológicos. Años de cosechas continuas, profundidades del suelo y su interacción influenciaron significativamente H´, λ, WI, PPI (índice de parásitos vegetales), MI (índice de madurez, excluyendo los parásitos vegetales), PPI/MI, F/B [F y B representan la abundancia de consumidores de hongos (F) y bacterias (B)] y NCR (=B/(B + F). El índice de Shannon (H’) fue mayor en el campo de algodón de 10 años de cosecha continua que en los otros campos estudiados. El menor índice de Simpson (λ) se observó en el campo de algodón de 10 años. El valor más bajo del índice de Wasilewska (WI) pareció estar en el campo de algodón de 20 años, el que tuvo la mayoría de los parásitos vegetales. Incrementos en los años de cosecha de algodón determinaron una tendencia descendiente de NCR, y una tendencia ascendente de F/B. La senda de descomposición bacteriana fue más importante en las situaciones de 5 años, y la senda de descomposición fúngica fue más importante en las situaciones de 20 años. El análisis de nematodos mostró que los cambios en las comunidades de nematodos del suelo y grupos tróficos podrían indicar cambios en el ambiente del suelo y la estructura de las comunidades de nematodos con cambios en el tiempo de cosechas continuas.Long-term continuous cropping of cotton had ledto substantial agricultural losses. However, continuous cottoncropping could maintain high crop yields for many years in someareas. The composition and structure of soil nematode communitieswere investigated to explore the effect of continuous croppingand soil depths on these communities. Soil samples werecollected at two soil depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) from cottonfields with a history of 5, 10, 15 or 20 years of continuouscotton cropping in the Karamay region. The results showed that36 genera were found. Significant differences in the numbers oftotal nematodes and trophic groups were observed among continuouscropping times. The highest number of total nematodeswas observed at 20-40 cm depth under continuous 10-croppingyears, and the lowest number at 20-40 cm depth under continuous5-cropping years. There were significant soil depth effects on thedensity of fungivores and plant parasites. Continuous croppingeffects on soil nematode communities could be reflected by valuesof ecological indexes. Continuous cropping times, soil depths andtheir interaction significantly influenced H´, , WI, PPI (index ofplant parasites), MI (maturation index excluding plant parasites),PPI/MI, F/B and NCR. The Shannon index (H´) was higher inthe 10-year cotton field than in the other-year fields. The Simpsonindex () was the lowest in the 10-year cotton field. The lowestvalue of WI (index of Wasilewska) appeared at the 20-year cottonfield, which had the majority of plant parasites. Increases of cottoncropping times determined a decreased trend of NCR [=B/(B + F)], and an increased trend of F/B [F and B represent theconsumer abundance of fungi (F) and bacteria (B)]. The bacterialdecomposition pathway was more important in the 5-year situations,and the fungal decomposition pathway was more importantin the 20-year situations. Nematode analysis showed that changesof soil nematode communities and trophic groups could indicatechanges in the soil environment and nematode community structurewith changes of continuous cropping times.Fil: Li, X. L.. Chifeng University; ChinaFil: Wang, I. C.. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; ChinaFil: Busso, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; ArgentinaFil: Xiang, J. S.. Chifeng University; ChinaFil: Zhang, A. M.. Chifeng University; ChinaFil: Qu, Y. W.. Chifeng University; ChinaFil: Liu, Y.. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science; Chin

Impacts of Weather Types on Soil Erosion Rates in Vineyards at "Celler Del Roure" Experimental Research in Eastern Spain

[EN] To understand soil erosion processes, it is vital to know how the weather types and atmospheric situations, and their distribution throughout the year, affect the soil erosion rates. This will allow for the development of efficient land management practices to mitigate water-induced soil losses. Vineyards are one of the cultivated areas susceptible to high soil erosion rates. However, there is a lack of studies that link weather types and atmospheric conditions to soil erosion responses in viticultural areas. Thus, the main aim of this research is to assess the impacts of weather types and atmospheric conditions on soil erosion processes in a conventional vineyard with tillage in eastern Spain. To achieve this goal, rainfall events from 2006 to 2017 were monitored and the associated runoff and soil loss were collected from experimental plots. Our results showed that the highest volume of runoff and soil erosion is linked to rainfall associated with the eastern winds that accounted for 59.7% of runoff and 63.9% of soil loss, while cold drops in the atmospheric situation classifications emerged as the highest contributor of 40.9% in runoff and 44.1% in soil loss. This paper provides new insights into the development of soil erosion control measures that help to mitigate the negative impact of extreme rainfall and runoff considering atmospheric conditions.This research was funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant No. 603498 (RECARE Project).Rodrigo-Comino, J.; Senciales-González, JM.; Terol, E.; Mora Navarro, JG.; Gyasi-Agyei, Y.; Cerdà, A. (2020). Impacts of Weather Types on Soil Erosion Rates in Vineyards at "Celler Del Roure" Experimental Research in Eastern Spain. Atmosphere. 11(6):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060551S114116Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Meusburger, K., van der Zanden, E. H., Poesen, J., & Alewell, C. (2015). Modelling the effect of support practices (P-factor) on the reduction of soil erosion by water at European scale. Environmental Science & Policy, 51, 23-34. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2015.03.012Stewart, B. A. (1994). Soil Erosion: A Threat to Mankind. Ecology, 75(4), 1193-1193. doi:10.2307/1939447Ghafari, H., Gorji, M., Arabkhedri, M., Roshani, G. A., Heidari, A., & Akhavan, S. (2017). Identification and prioritization of critical erosion areas based on onsite and offsite effects. CATENA, 156, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2017.03.014Chehlafi, A., Kchikach, A., Derradji, A., & Mequedade, N. (2019). Highway cutting slopes with high rainfall erosion in Morocco: Evaluation of soil losses and erosion control using concrete arches. Engineering Geology, 260, 105200. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105200Streeter, M. T., & Schilling, K. E. (2019). Assessing and mitigating the effects of agricultural soil erosion on roadside ditches. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 20(1), 524-534. doi:10.1007/s11368-019-02379-3García‐Ruiz, J. M., Beguería, S., Lana‐Renault, N., Nadal‐Romero, E., & Cerdà, A. (2016). Ongoing and Emerging Questions in Water Erosion Studies. Land Degradation & Development, 28(1), 5-21. doi:10.1002/ldr.2641Brevik, E. C., Steffan, J. J., Rodrigo‐Comino, J., Neubert, D., Burgess, L. C., & Cerdà, A. (2019). Connecting the public with soil to improve human health. European Journal of Soil Science, 70(4), 898-910. doi:10.1111/ejss.12764Rubio‐Delgado, J., Schnabel, S., Gómez‐Gutiérrez, Á., & Lavado‐Contador, J. F. (2019). Temporal and spatial variation of soil erosion in wooded rangelands of southwest Spain. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 44(11), 2141-2155. doi:10.1002/esp.4636Benda, L., James, C., Miller, D., & Andras, K. (2019). 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Effect of land use and management on the early stages of soil water erosion in French Mediterranean vineyards. Soil and Tillage Research, 106(1), 124-136. doi:10.1016/j.still.2009.04.010Nunes, J. P., Seixas, J., & Pacheco, N. R. (2008). Vulnerability of water resources, vegetation productivity and soil erosion to climate change in Mediterranean watersheds. Hydrological Processes, 22(16), 3115-3134. doi:10.1002/hyp.6897Nearing, M. A., Yin, S., Borrelli, P., & Polyakov, V. O. (2017). Rainfall erosivity: An historical review. CATENA, 157, 357-362. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2017.06.004Nadal-Romero, E., Cortesi, N., & González-Hidalgo, J. C. (2013). Weather types, runoff and sediment yield in a Mediterranean mountain landscape. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 39(4), 427-437. doi:10.1002/esp.3451Fernández-Raga, M., Palencia, C., Keesstra, S., Jordán, A., Fraile, R., Angulo-Martínez, M., & Cerdà, A. (2017). Splash erosion: A review with unanswered questions. 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A regional analysis of the effects of largest events on soil erosion. CATENA, 95, 85-90. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2012.03.006Martínez-Valderrama, J., Ibáñez, J., Del Barrio, G., Sanjuán, M. E., Alcalá, F. J., Martínez-Vicente, S., … Puigdefábregas, J. (2016). Present and future of desertification in Spain: Implementation of a surveillance system to prevent land degradation. Science of The Total Environment, 563-564, 169-178. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.065Rodrigo-Comino, J., Senciales, J. M., Sillero-Medina, J. A., Gyasi-Agyei, Y., Ruiz-Sinoga, J. D., & Ries, J. B. (2019). Analysis of Weather-Type-Induced Soil Erosion in Cultivated and Poorly Managed Abandoned Sloping Vineyards in the Axarquía Region (Málaga, Spain). Air, Soil and Water Research, 12, 117862211983940. doi:10.1177/1178622119839403Cerdà, A., Rodrigo-Comino, J., Novara, A., Brevik, E. C., Vaezi, A. R., Pulido, M., … Keesstra, S. D. (2018). 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Crop Updates 2011 - Nutrition, Precision Agriculture & Climate and Forecasting

This session covers sixteen papers from different authors: Nutrition 1. Balance® used in conventional cropping practice with half of the upfront fertiliser rate can sustain crop yield and build soil biological fertility, Deb Archdeacon1, Andrew Gulliver2 and David Cullen2, 1Agronomica, Wellington Mill, WA, 2Custom Composts, Nambeelup, WA 2. Effects of potassium (K) supply on plant growth, potassium uptake and grain Yield in wheat grown in grey sand, Qifu Ma1, Richard Bell1, Ross Brennan2 and Craig Scanlan2, 1School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, 2Department of Agriculture and Food 3. Improving fertiliser management: redefining the relationship between soil tests and crop responses for wheat in WA, Wen Chen1, 2, Ross Brennan2, Geoff Anderson2, Richard Bell1 and Mike Bolland2, 1School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, 2Department of Agriculture and Food 4. Improved phosphorus and potassium management: redefining the soil test and lupin response relationships in WA, Wen Chen1, 2, Ross Brennan2, Geoff Anderson2, Richard Bell1 and Mike Bolland2, 1School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Western Australia, 2Department of Agriculture and Food 5. Converting phosphorus retention index (PRI) to phosphorus buffering index (PBI) for Western Australian soils, Peter Rees and Sandy Alexander, Summit Fertilizers 6. Variability of radiometric potassium and Colwell potassium relationships across the Great Southern, Frank D’Emden, Precision Agronomics Australia 7. Rotary spading and mouldboard ploughing of water-repellent sandplain soils fulfils promise, Stephen Davies, Craig Scanlan and Breanne Best, Department of Agriculture and Food 8. Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes are low from a grain legume crop grown in a semi-arid climate Louise Barton1, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl2, Ralph Kiese2 and Daniel Murphy1, 1 School of Earth & Environment, University of Western Australia, 2 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology & Climate Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 9. Mouldboard ploughing of sandplain soils – more grain, fewer weeds, Peter Newman Department of Agriculture and Food Precision Agriculture 10.What’s preventing growers from implementing precision agriculture (PA)? Roger Mandel1, Roger Lawes2 and Michael Robertson2, 1Curtin University, 2CSIRO 11. On how many paddocks does precision agriculture (PA) deliver a return? Roger Lawes1, Michael Robertson1 and Roger Mandel2, 1CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Floreat, WA, 2Curtin University 12. Demonstration pf precision agriculture (PA) principles in the Great Southern, Western Australia, Derk Bakker1, Jeremy Lemon1, Alison Lacey1, John Paul Collins1, Roger Mandel2, Frank D’Emden3, Glen Riethmuller1, 1Department of Agriculture and Food, 2Curtin University, 3Precision Agronomics Australia Climate and Forecasting 13. Statistical seasonal rainfall forecasts for south west Australia, Fiona H Evans Department of Agriculture of Food 14. How has changing climate recently affected Western Australia’s capacity to increase crop productivity and water use efficiency? David Stephens, Department of Agriculture and Food 15. Is Yield Prophet® a useful tool in Western Australia? — an agribusiness perspective, Caroline Peek, Department of Agriculture and Food 16. A season of Yield Prophet® — how it saw the dry, Tim Scanlon and Caroline Peek Department of Agriculture of Foo

Keanekaragaman dan dominasi arthropoda tanah pada cagar alam manggis gadungan dan perkebunan kopi berbasis agroforesti Mangli di Kecamatan Puncu Kabupaten Kediri

INDONESIA : Tanah merupakan subtrat atau medium yang berfungsi sebagai habitat arthropoda, khususnya arthropoda tanah bergantung pada keadaaan tanah. Faktor biotik dan abiotik pada tanah akan mempengaruhi keadaan tanah. Perbedaan penggunaan lahan akan mempengaruhi kelimpahan dan komposisi arthropoda tanah. Keanekaragaman arthropoda tanah pada hutan Cagar Alam Manggis Gadungan (CAMG) merupakan ekosistem alami arthropoda tanah, penggunaan lahan perkebunan kopi tumpangsari (PTS) dan perkebunan kopi (PK), dengan perbedaan sistem penggunaan lahan maka dapat diketahui keanekaragaman dan dominasi arthropoda tanah. Penelitian dilakukan di hutan Cagar Alam Manggis Gadungan dan Perkebunan Kopi Mangli Kecamatan Puncu Kabupaten Kediri. Identifiksi hasil penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Ekologi Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksplorasi secara langsung menggunakan hand sortir dan ekstraksi menggunakan barless-tullgren. Hasil penelitian menunjukan arthropoda tanah pada hutan (CAMG) ditemukan 15 ordo yang terdiri dari 40 famili dengan jumlah total individu 636, arthropoda tanah yang berperan sebagai predator (24 famili), herbivor (7 famili), omnivor (1 famili), dekomposer (1 famili), dan detrivor (8 famili). Pada (PTS)yang menggunakan sistem tumpang sari arthropoda tanah yang ditemukan 14 ordo yang terdiri dari 31 famili dengan jumlah total individu 489, arthropoda tanah yang berperan sebagai predator (18 famili), herbivor (5 famili), omnivor (1 famili), parasitoid (1 famili), dan detrivor (5 famili). Pada (PK) arthropoda tanah yang ditemukan 15 ordo yang terdiri dari 38 famili dengan jumlah total individu 609, arthropoda tanah yang berperan sebagai predator (25 famili), herbivor (4 famili), omnivor (1 famili), parasitoid (1 famili), dan detrivor (7 famili). Indeks keanekragaman (H’) Shannon secara komulatif tertinggi pada hutan (CAMG)(2,70), sedangkan pada (PTS) (1,95), dan (PK) (2,10). Nilai dominasi (C) Simpson komulatif tertinggi terdapat pada (PTS) (0,29), sedangkan pada hutan (CAMG) (0,09), dan (PK) (0,25). ENGLISH : Soil is a substrate or medium that serves as habitat for arthropods, particularly soil arthropods rely on state land. Biotic and abiotic factors on the ground will affect soil conditions. Difference land use will affect the abundance and composition of soil arthropods. Diversity of soil arthropods in forest Nature Reserve Manggis Gadungan (CAMG) is an arthropod natural ecosystems soil, land use intercropping coffee plantations (PTS) and coffee plantations (PK), with differences in land use systems it is known arthropod diversity and dominance of the land. The study was conducted in a forest reserve and Bogus Natural Mangosteen Coffee Plantation Mangli Puncu Kediri sub district. Identifiksi results of research carried out at the Laboratory of Ecology Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology of the State Islamic University (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Exploratory research method uses directly using a hand sorting and extraction using barless-tullgren. The results showed the soil arthropods in the forest (CAMG) found 15 order which consisted of 40 families with a total of 636 individuals, which acts as a soil arthropod predators (24 family), herbivor (7 family), omnivor (1 family), decomposers (1 family), and detrivor (8 family). In (PTS) intercropping system using soil arthropods found 14 order which consisted of 31 family with a total of 489 individuals, which acts as a soil arthropods predators (18 family), herbivor (5 family), omnivor (1 family), parasitoids (1 family), and detrivor (5 family). In (PK) soil arthropods found 15 order consisting of 38 families with a total of 609 individuals, which acts as a soil arthropod predators (25 family), herbivor (4 family), omnivor (1 family), parasitoids (1 family), and detrivor (7 family). Diversity index (H ') highest cumulative Shannon Forest (CaMg) (2,70), whereas in (PTS) (1.95), and (PK) (2,10). Dominance value (C) is highest cumulativeSimpson on (PTS) (0.29), while in the forest (CaMg) (0.09), and (PK) (0.25)

AGGREGATE STABILITY AND WATER RETENTION NEAR SATURATION CHARACTERISTICS AS AFFECTED BY SOIL TEXTURE, AGGREGATE SIZE AND POLYACRYLAMIDE APPLICATION

Understanding the effects of soil intrinsic properties and extrinsic conditions on aggregate stability is essential for the development of effective soil and water conservation practices. Our objective was to evaluate the combined role of soil texture, aggregate size and application of a stabilizing agent on aggregate and structure stability indices (composite structure index [SI], the and n parameters of the VG model and the S-index) by employing the high energy (0-5.0 J kg(-1)) moisture characteristic (HEMC) method. We used aggregates of three sizes (0.25-0.5, 0.5-1.0 and 1.0-2.0 mm) from four semi-arid soils treated with polyacrylamide (PAM). An increase in SI was associated with the increase in clay content, aggregate size and PAM application. The value of increased with the increase in aggregate size and with PAM application but was not affected by soil texture. For each aggregate size, a unique exponential type relationship existed between SI and . The value of n and the S-index tended, generally, to decrease with the increase in PAM application; however, an increase in aggregate size had an inconsistent effect on these two indices. The relationship between SI and n or the S-index could not be generalized. Our results suggest that (i) the effects of PAM on aggregate stability are not trivial, and its application as a soil conservation tool should consider field soil condition, and (ii), n and S-index cannot replace the SI as a solid measure for aggregate stability and soil structure firmness when assessing soil conservation practices