A review of remote sensing and grasslands literature

Studies between 1971 and 1980 dealing with remote sensing of rangelands/grasslands in the multispectral band are summarized and evaluated. Vegetation and soil reflectance properties are described. In the majority of the studies, the effect of the reflectance of green rangelands vegetation on the reflectance from the total scene is the primary concern. Developments in technique are summarized and recommendations for further research are presented

Online measurement of soil organic carbon as correlated with wheat normalised difference vegetation index in a vertisol field

This study explores the potential of visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy for onlinemeasurement of soil organic carbon (SOC). It also attempts to explore correlations and similarities between the spatial distribution of SOC and normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) of a wheat crop. The online measurement was carried out in a clay vertisol field covering 10 ha of area in Karacabey, Bursa, Turkey. Kappa statistics were carried out between different SOC and NDVI data to investigate potential similarities. Calibration model of SOC in full cross-validationresulted in a good accuracy ( 2 = 0.75, root mean squares error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.17%, and ratio of prediction deviation (RPD) = 1.81). The validation of the calibration model using laboratory spectra provided comparatively better prediction accuracy ( 2 = 0.70, RMSEP = 0.15%, and RPD = 1.78), as compared to the online measured spectra ( 2 = 0.60, RMSEP = 0.20%, and RPD = 1.41). Although visual similarity was clear, low similarity indicated by a lowKappa value of 0.259 was observed between the online vis-NIR predicted full-point (based on all pointsmeasured in the field, e.g., 6486 points)map of SOC and NDVI map

SOIL MOISTURE DETECTION USING ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPHY SENSOR (ECT)

Soil moisture content determination is a common process in agriculture which needs sensors with high accuracy and compatibility with the environment. The available methods are described with attention given to the gravimetry measurement, lysimeters, neutron scattering, gamma absorption, time domain reflectometer, electrical resistance blocks, and electrical tomography sensors. Current technique used is time domain reflectometer which is convenient and reliable. However, this device is quite expensive and cannot provide clear view of moisture percentage distribution in soil. The proposed sensor which is using tomographic method, can visualize data using permittivity distribution. By using an array of sensors that are positioned around the pipe, it is possible to visualize the percentage of soil moisture. Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is comparatively low cost and capable to make measurements rapidly. The mechanism used in ECT is non-invasive, inert, and non-ionizing. The report consists of an introduction, problem statement, objectives, literature review and methodology used to solve the problem. It further looks into the obtained results with consistent discussion

Earth Resources Laboratory research and technology

The accomplishments of the Earth Resources Laboratory's research and technology program are reported. Sensors and data systems, the AGRISTARS project, applied research and data analysis, joint research projects, test and evaluation studies, and space station support activities are addressed

Index to NASA Tech Briefs, 1975

This index contains abstracts and four indexes--subject, personal author, originating Center, and Tech Brief number--for 1975 Tech Briefs

CityComfort+: A Simulation-Based Method for Predicting Mean Radiant Temperature in Dense Urban Areas

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Guidelines for measuring and reporting environmental parameters for experiments in greenhouses

Background: The importance of appropriate, accurate measurement and reporting of environmental parameters in plant sciences is a significant aspect of quality assurance for all researchers and their research. There is a clear need for ensuring research across the world can be compared, understood and where necessary replicated by fellow researchers. A common set of guidelines to educate, assist and encourage comparativeness is of great importance. On the other hand, the level of effort and attention to detail by an individual researcher should be commensurate with the particular research being conducted. For example, a researcher focusing on interactions of light and temperature should measure all relevant parameters and report a measurement summary that includes sufficient detail allowing for replication. Such detail may be less relevant when the impact of environmental parameters on plant growth and development is not the main research focus. However, it should be noted that the environmental experience of a plant during production can have significant impact when subsequent experiments investigate plants at a molecular, biochemical or genetic level or where species interactions are considered. Thus, researchers are encouraged to make a critical assessment of what parameters are of primary importance in their research and these parameters should be measured and reported. Content: This paper brings together a collection of parameters that the authors, as members of International Committee on Controlled Environment Guidelines (ICCEG) in consultation with members of our three parent organizations, believe constitute those which should be recorded and reported when publishing scientific data from experiments in greenhouses. It provides recommendations to end users on when, how and where these parameters should be measured along with the appropriate internationally standardized units that should be used