The importance of understanding computer analyses in civil engineering

Sophisticated computer modelling systems are widely used in civil engineering analysis. This paper takes examples from structural engineering, environmental engineering, flood management and geotechnical engineering to illustrate the need for civil engineers to be competent in the use of computer tools. An understanding of a model's scientific basis, appropriateness, numerical limitations, validation, verification and propagation of uncertainty is required before applying its results. A review of education and training is also suggested to ensure engineers are competent at using computer modelling systems, particularly in the context of risk management. 1. Introductio

Towards a practical framework for managing the risks of selecting technology to support independent living

Information and communication technology applications can help increase the independence and quality of life of older people, or people with disabilities who live in their own homes. A risk management framework is proposed to assist in selecting applications that match the needs and wishes of particular individuals. Risk comprises two components: the likelihood of the occurrence of harm and the consequences of that harm. In the home, the social and psychological harms are as important as the physical ones. The importance of the harm (e.g., injury) is conditioned by its consequences (e.g., distress, costly medical treatment). We identify six generic types of harm (including dependency, loneliness, fear and debt) and four generic consequences (including distress and loss of confidence in ability to live independently). The resultant client-centred framework offers a systematic basis for selecting and evaluating technology for independent living

Electronic Evidence in Intellectual Property Disputes under the Council of Europe’s Guidelines

On 30 January 2019 the Council of Europe adopted guidelines on electronic evidence in civil and administrative law accompanied by the Explanatory Memorandum. The authors summarize and analyse this soft law instrument with respect to intellectual property (hereinafter “IP”) disputes. They explain why its creation is important for the proper administration of justice and how it addresses and reflects technological developments, new business models and evolving case-law. Several conclusions have been identified regarding how use of the Guidelines will address current practical problems for courts in IP disputes. Both authors took active part in the preparatory works and believe it is in the interest of justice and effective IP protection that these guidelines are publicly available in the member states and widely disseminated among professionals dealing with electronic evidence

Estudio y análisis de un nuevo dispositivo para la rehabilitación de la articulación tibiotarsal

Introduction: Currently, there are several types of devices and techniques for the rehabilitation of the tibiotarsal joint. However, complete and effective rehabilitation still falls short of expectations, since the existing devices are not adaptable to the level of torque and the number of repetitions and sessions to be performed, as these depend on each patient and on the stage at which he is finds. Objetives: To improve a mechatronic device for the rehabilitation of the tibiotarsal joint, the Therapheet. Methods: This study presents a review of the tibiotarsal joint rehabilitation protocols, as well as the classification of devices used for this purpose. Thus, the purpose is to improve the Therapheet, developed at the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Minho, obtaining a viable, functional and safe rehabilitation device, standing out from the rest on the market, since it allows the execution of the six rehabilitation exercises. Results: It was obtained a prototype of equipment for rehabilitation of the tibiotarsal joint was obtained, proposing changes for improvement according to the specificities and requirements for such a device, having been subjected to a series of preliminary tests to verify its functionality, performance and suitability. The equipment proved to be functional, in terms of executing the ankle rehabilitation movements, however, it still manifests some flaws in terms of the user's stability, sudden movements, and above all dysfunctions arising from excess mass that make up its structure and limitations pneumatic technology adopted. Conclusions: The control of the amplitude of the characteristic angles of the movements of the foot is still done manually, so it would be significant to implement an automated system that would allow the control of the range of amplitude, according to the patient's rehabilitation phase. One option would be the implementation of a new technology, such as the insertion of servomotors.Introdução: Atualmente existem vários tipos de dispositivos e técnicas para a reabilitação da articulação tibiotársica. No entanto, a reabilitação completa e eficaz ainda está aquém das expectativas, uma vez que os dispositivos existentes não são adaptáveis ao nível do binário e do número de repetições e sessões a executar, pois estas dependem de cada paciente e do estádio em que este se encontra. Objetivos: Melhorar um dispositivo mecatrónico, de reabilitação da articulação tibiotársica, o Therapheet. Métodos: Neste estudo é apresentada uma revisão dos protocolos de reabilitação da articulação tibiotársica, assim como a classificação dos dispositivos utilizados para este propósito. Assim, a finalidade é aperfeiçoar o Therapheet, desenvolvido no Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica da Universidade do Minho, obtendo-se um dispositivo de reabilitação viável, funcional e seguro, destacando-se dos restantes no mercado, uma vez que permite a executação dos seis exercícios de reabilitação. Resultados: Foi obtido um protótipo de equipamento para reabilitação da articulação tibiotársica, propondo alterações de melhoria de acordo com as especificidades e os requisitos necessários para um dispositivo deste tipo, tendo sido submetido a uma série de testes preliminares para verificar a sua funcionalidade, desempenho e adequabilidade. O equipamento demonstrou ser funcional, a nível de execução dos movimentos de reabilitação do tornozelo, no entanto, ainda manifesta algumas falhas ao nível da estabilidade do utilizador, movimentos bruscos, e sobretudo disfunções provenientes de excesso de massa que compõe a sua estrutura e de limitações da tecnologia pneumática adotada. Conclusões: O controlo da amplitude dos ângulos característicos dos movimentos do pé ainda é feito manualmente, pelo que seria significativa a implementação de um sistema automatizado que possibilitasse o controlo da graduação da amplitude, de acordo com a fase de reabilitação do paciente. Uma opção seria a implementação de uma nova tecnologia, como a inserção de servomotores.Introducción: Actualmente, existen varios tipos de dispositivos y técnicas para la rehabilitación de la articulación tibiotarsal. Sin embargo, la rehabilitación completa y efectiva aún no cumple con las expectativas, ya que los dispositivos existentes no son adaptables al nivel de torque y al número de repeticiones y sesiones a realizar, ya que dependen de cada paciente y la etapa en la que se encuentra. Objetivos: Mejorar un dispositivo mecatrónico para la rehabilitación de la articulación tibiotarsal, el Therapheet. Métodos: Este estudio presenta una revisión de los protocolos de rehabilitación de la articulación tibiotarsal, así como la clasificación de los dispositivos utilizados para este propósito. Por lo tanto, el propósito es mejorar un dispositivo mecatrónico desarrollado en el Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad de Minho, el Therapheet, obteniendo un dispositivo de rehabilitación viable, funcional y seguro, que se destaque del resto en el mercado, ya que permite la ejecución de los seis ejercicios de rehabilitación. Resultados: Se obtuvo un prototipo de equipo para la rehabilitación de la articulación tibiotarsal, proponiendo cambios para mejorar de acuerdo con las especificidades y requisitos de dicho dispositivo, habiendo sido sometido a un serie de pruebas preliminares para verificar su funcionalidad, rendimiento e idoneidad. El equipo demostró ser funcional, en términos de ejecución de los movimientos de rehabilitación de tobillo, sin embargo, todavía presenta algunos defectos en términos de estabilidad del usuario, movimientos bruscos y, sobre todo, disfunciones derivadas del exceso de masa que conforman su estructura y limitaciones. Tecnología neumática adoptada. Conclusións: El control de la amplitud de los ángulos característicos de los movimientos del pie todavía se realiza manualmente, por lo que sería importante implementar un sistema automatizado que permita el control del rango de amplitud, de acuerdo con la fase de rehabilitación del paciente. Una opción sería la implementación de una nueva tecnología, como la inserción de servomotores.This work has been supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia with-in the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDP/04077/2020. It has been also supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020

Dietary fibre: eating habits and knowledge in different regions of the globe

Introduction: Dietary fibre (DF) is an important component in a healthy diet and its consumption constitutes one tool that can be used to lower risk factors for many diseases. Objetives: Because DF has so many health benefits, this study aimed at comparing the eating habits and attitudes towards labelling as well as the knowledge about fibre rich foods and their health effects in three countries situated in different parts of the globe (Argentina, Portugal and Hungary). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on a convenience non-probabilistic sample of 1525 participants, by questionnaire survey. Results: The results showed that the ingestion of DF was below the recommended dosages in the three countries, and people in general do not care much about the nutritional information in the food labels or the contents in DF. Internet appeared as a very important media that people use to get information about DF or healthy eating, while hospitals and health centre seem to fail somewhat on their educational role. Conclusion: In general, the respondents showed a moderate level of knowledge about the nature and sources of DF but a better knowledge about its effects on human health, being this similar among the countries at study.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio