A framework for expressing the relationships between multiple views in requirements specification

Composite systems are generally comprised of heterogeneous components whose specifications are developed by many development participants. The requirements of such systems are invariably elicited from multiple perspectives that overlap, complement, and contradict each other. Furthermore, these requirements are generally developed and specified using multiple methods and notations, respectively. It is therefore necessary to express and check the relationships between the resultant specification fragments. In this paper, we deploy multiple ViewPoints that hold partial requirements specifications, described and developed using different representation schemes and development strategies. We discuss the notion of inter-ViewPoint communication in the context of this ViewPoints framework, and propose a general model for ViewPoint interaction and integration. We elaborate on some of the requirements for expressing and enacting inter-ViewPoint relationships-the vehicles for consistency checking and inconsistency management. Finally, though we use simple fragments of the requirements specification method CORE to illustrate various components of our work, we also outline a number of larger case studies that me have used to validate our framework. Our computer-based ViewPoints support environment, The Viewer, is also briefly described

LacEDAemon : a programming environment for the multiparadigm language leda

Multiparadigm programming languages are a recent development in the realm of programming languages. A multiparadigm programming language allows the use of multiple, differing programming paradigms without departing from a single, unified linguistic framework. Multiparadigm programming languages are claimed to have benefits to both pedagogy and complex application creation. The beneficial claims of multiparadigm languages have yet to be validated. The availability of a programming environment would encourage and expedite academic and industrial validation. Creating a programming environment is considered an extremely labor intensive activity. Further complications arise from the fact that programming environment creation is an experimental activity: the component mix that best expedites program development in a new programming language cannot be predicted in advance. As a result, few new languages are ever verified in the context of a supportive programming environment. Leda, a unique programming language that includes the functional, imperative, logic and object-oriented paradigms, is at this juncture. This thesis describes the structure of an environment framework that allows for experimental study of the necessary components of a multiparadigm programming language environment. New tools and techniques, as well as changes to traditional tools and techniques are required to allow programmers to abstract effectively across paradigms. This research examines the topic by creating LacEDAemon, a testbed programming environment for the multiparadigm programming language Leda, within the framework of a variety of integrated, cohesive tools. LacEDAemon relies on a hypertool-based toolkit integration framework architecture that affords both loose and tight control integration, as well as data integration, using existing, off-the-shelf tools written in a variety of programming languages. Along with demonstrating the viability of hypertool integration as a low-cost approach for constructing programming environments, LacEDAemon provides a vehicle for: determining an effective multiparadigm programming toolset, studying multiparadigm program design, conducting studies of multiparadigm program visualization, exploring different strategies for software reuse, and examining the merits of conducting all programming activity within the database-centered environment approach. This environment also provides support for investigations in the areas of multiparadigm algorithms, multiparadigm software metrics, and multiparadigm program comprehension. Various techniques for evaluating integrated environments are also applied to LacEDAemon

Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the implementation of ALARA at nuclear power plants

This report contains the papers presented and the discussions that took place at the Third International Workshop on ALARA Implementation at Nuclear Power Plants, held in Hauppauge, Long Island, New York from May 8--11, 1994. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together scientists, engineers, health physicists, regulators, managers and other persons who are involved with occupational dose control and ALARA issues. The countries represented were: Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The workshop was organized into twelve sessions and three panel discussions. Individual papers have been cataloged separately

Proceedings of the IAEA specialists` meeting on cracking in LWR RPV head penetrations

This report contains 17 papers that were presented in four sessions at the IAEA Specialists` meeting on Cracking in LWR RPV Head Penetrations held at ASTM Headquarters in Philadelphia on May 2-3, 1995. The papers are compiled here in the order that presentations were made in the sessions, and they relate to operational observations, inspection techniques, analytical modeling, and regulatory control. The goal of the meeting was to allow international experts to review experience in the field of ensuring adequate performance of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) heads and penetrations. The emphasis was to allow a better understanding of RPV material behavior, to provide guidance supporting reliability and adequate performance, and to assist in defining directions for further investigations. The international nature of the meeting is illustrated by the fact that papers were presented by researchers from 10 countries. There were technical experts present form other countries who participated in discussions of the results presented. This present document incorporates the final version of the papers as received from the authors. The final chapter includes conclusions and recommendations. Individual papers have been cataloged separately

Lämpötilan vaikutus magnetiitin zeta-potentiaaliin ammoniakki-, morfoliini- ja etanoliamiiniliuoksissa

In nuclear power plants, flow accelerated corrosion releases magnetite particles from the surfaces of the feed water pipes. When these colloidal particles reach the steam generator, they can deposit to the surfaces of the steam generator and produce possibly dangerous and expensive material and thermal degradation phenomena. This deposition is presumed to be affected by the surface charge of the particles, which can be described with the zeta potential. In this thesis, the zeta potential of magnetite particles in ammonia, morpholine and ethanolamine solutions were measured at the temperatures from 23˚C to 248˚C. The zeta potential measurements were conducted with a streaming potential measuring equipment designed for these measurements. The change in the pressure difference over the column containing magnetite powder and the change in the potential difference between platinum electrodes situated at the both ends of the column were measured as a function of the velocity of the water flow. The resulting ΔE/ΔP was then multiplied with a calculation constant which consisted of the dimensions of the magnetite column, the resistance of the column and the viscosity and the actual permittivity of the solution. In order to conclude these measurements, the measuring equipment was first updated for higher measuring temperatures. The aim of this thesis was to determine how the zeta potential of magnetite particles changes as a function of temperature when the pH at room temperature is 9.2. It was found out that at room temperature magnetite has a negative zeta potential in ammonia, morpholine and ethanolamine solutions. Increasing temperature resulted in a decrease of the zeta potential magnitude. Near the operational temperature of the steam generator, zeta potential seemed to approach a small but still negative value in all cases. A low zeta potential value can be interpreted as an indication of rather weak repulsive forces between the colloidal magnetite particles and an increased possibility for coagulation and deposition.Virtauksen kiihdyttämä eroosio-korroosio (FAC) irrottaa magnetiittipartikkeleita ydinvoimaloiden syöttövesiputkien pinnoilta. Kun nämä partikkelit kulkeutuvat voimalan höyrystimeen, ne voivat saostua höyrystimen pinnoille ja aiheuttaa monia mahdollisesti vaarallisia ja kalliita materiaalinvaurioitumismekanismeja ja hyötysuhteen huononemista. Partikkelien pintavarauksen uskotaan vaikuttavan saostumiseen. Tätä pintavarausta voidaan kuvata zeta-potentiaalilla. Tässä diplomityössä magnetiittipartikkelien zeta-potentiaalia mitattiin ammoniakki-, morfoliini- ja etanoliamiiniliuoksissa huoneenlämpötilasta 248 ˚C:een. Zeta-potentiaalin mittaus suoritettiin streaming potential -mittauslaitteistolla, joka oli kehitetty näitä mittauksia varten. Mittausten aikana liuoksen virtausnopeutta vaihdeltiin samalla kun mitattiin aiheutunut muutos paine-erossa magnetiittipulverista muodostuneen pylvään päiden välillä sekä muutos pylvään päihin sijoitettujen platinaelektrodien välisessä potentiaalierossa. Saatu ΔE/ΔP kerrottiin laskentavakiolla, joka koostuu magneettipylvään mitoista, pylvään resistanssista ja liuoksen viskositeetista ja permittiivisyydestä. Jotta mittaukset voitiin suorittaa, mittauslaitteisto päivitettiin toimimaan korkeammissa mittauslämpötiloissa kuin ennen. Tämän diplomityön tarkoitus oli kyseisten mittausten perusteella määrittää, kuinka magnetiitin zeta-potentiaali muuttuu lämpötilan kasvaessa emäksisessä liuoksessa, jonka pH huoneenlämpötilassa on 9.2. Johtopäätöksenä voidaan esittää, että magnetiitilla oli huoneenlämpötilassa negatiivinen zeta-potentiaali sekä ammoniakkia, morfoliinia ja etanoliamiinia sisältävissä liuoksissa. Lämpötilan noustessa zeta-potentiaalin itseisarvo pieneni. Ydinvoimalan höyrystimen toimintalämpötiloja lähestyttäessä zeta-potentiaali vaikutti lähestyvän nollaa pysyen silti negatiivisena. Zeta-potentiaalin pienen itseisarvon voidaan tulkita tarkoittavan sitä, että kolloidisten magnetiittipartikkelien välillä on vain pieni hylkivä sähköstaattinen vuorovaikutus, jolloin koaguloitumisen ja saostumisen riski kasvaa

A Process Model to Characterize Airborne Radionuclide Emissions and Transport using Radiological and Meteorological Measurements

The radionuclide analysis model developed and validated in this study is the first one ever to integrate human judgment throughout the analytical process. Therefore, besides relating the generation, transport, and measurement of anomalous anthropogenic radionuclides, this model enables many associated tasks to be achieved that could not be performed using existing models. These tasks include thoroughly characterizing radionuclide detection sites, effectively processing qualitative data, and correcting data during processing. The study outlines the model as a highly detailed itemized procedure and validates the model through four case studies. Each case study is able to demonstrate a specific novelty of the model, although multiple novel and useful qualities of the model can be found in all of the case studies. Case Study 1 shows the model's ability to perform site characterizations by determining the presence of 50 radionuclides at a site where only seven had been identified previously. In Case Study 2, the model is shown to be able to isolate a specific emission location through the effective incorporation of qualitative data. Case Study 3 demonstrates the model's ability to perform complicated radionuclide analysis completely independent of computational models. Through Case Study 4, the model is shown to be capable of processing errant data that could not be analyzed computationally. Besides the usefulness of each of the novelties, the model offers many practical values, including its ability to normalize analysis amongst radionuclide analysts with varied levels of experience -- effectively enabling junior level analysts to perform senior level analysis