BARRIERS FROM A SOCIO-TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE TO IMPLEMENT DIGITALISATION IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PROCESSES - A LITERATURE REVIEW

With the paradigm shift towards Industry 4.0 and digitalisation, manufacturing engineers face several unexplored challenges; in the products for which they are designing production, in the equipment they are designing to realise production systems and in the digitalisation impact on engineering processes. Today\u27s manufacturing system design processes are still based on traditional engineering methods and have difficulties to cope with increased complexity. The aim of this systematic literature review is to explore drivers and barriers to implement digitalisation in engineering processes from a socio-technical perspective. The identified general barriers were cyber security, lack of competence, lack of standards, large investments and resistance to change. For the engineering processes the main drivers were increased product complexity, servitisation, data driven design and engineering productivity, with the main barriers culture, excess amount of data, integration of tools. cyber security and data quality. The study shows the complexity of the challenge, and that it is not only the technology that is the top barrier. Further research is recommended to develop approaches of successful engineering digitalisation implementations

The Product Developer in the Centre of Product Development: A Systematic Literature Review on Describing Factors

In the uncertain process of product development, the developer is decisively responsible for product success. He operates in a complex environment that directly influences his synthesis and analysis activities. The context of the socio-technical system of product development has already been extensively researched and defined by a large number of factors. However, the developer is described as part of the context and not as the centre, which means that many of these factors have no interaction with the developer. For the design of methods and tools that support the developer in his activities in the development process, a summarizing understanding of the influences on and by the developer is necessary. In order to create a unified understanding of the developer at the centre of product development, a Systematic Literature Review was conducted. In this article, the procedure and findings are presented. The aim was to identify factors from the literature that significantly influence the interaction of the developer in his environment. As a result, these were documented in a model, which represents the basis for further, human-centred research in the context of product development

A critical view of sustainable architecture in Turkey: a proposal for the municipality of Seyrek

Thesis (Doktoral)-İzmir Institute of Technology, Architecture, İzmir, 2003Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 417-463)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxxv, 540 leavesThis dissertation aims at developing a sustainable design process prioritizing locality in social, cultural, ecological, political, economic, technological, legalistic,and architectural terms. To this end, it aims first of all at developing an approach for elimination of misconceptions.primarily informed by technological, morphological and numerical indicators.about what constitutes the concept of sustainability in architectural practice today and therefore starts out from a critical historical overview of approaches and practices for sustainability in the world and in Turkey. The thesis undertakes the critique of sterile projects in sterile environments and calibrates the replicable and exemplary aspects of international and national sustainable design practices so as to introduce, promote and guide realistic, practicable, and case-specific sustainable architectural solutions. The specific focus in both the critical evaluation of extant sustainable practices abroad and the proposed process for the municipality of Seyrek in Menemen, Izmir, Turkey, is the distinction between the assets and needs of industrialized northern geographies and southern geographies which are in the process of industrialization and which are frequently misguided by economic exigencies imposed by the industrialized north. As a village located in an Important Bird Area, in the vicinity of a Ramsar Site and on the edge of a First-Degree Natural Conservation Area, the case area in question provides a trenchant example for the study of the meaning of sustainability in a southern socio-politico-economic zone and a challenge for the architectural designer. Seyrek is a mirror of global as well as local problems today. It is located in the middle of Gediz Delta, the large agricultural land as well, and on the edge of several specialized industrial districts of the urban sprawl of Izmir.Placing the analysis of the case area in the context of the wider framework of international policy, the thesis proceeds to propose specific design tools for a sustainable housing development project in a crucial typical new residential segment of the semi-rural settlement of Seyrek

A next generation manufacturing control system for a lean production environment

This thesis focuses on addressing the need for a new approach to the design and implementation of manufacturing control systems for the automotive industry and in particular for high volume engine manufacture. Whilst the operational domain in the automotive industry has moved to lean production techniques, the design of presentday manufacturing control systems is still based on systems intended for use in a mass production environment. The design and implementation of current manufacturing control systems is therefore inappropriate when viewed from a business context. The author proposes that it is possible to create a more appropriate manufacturing control systems based on an optimised use of advanced manufacturing technology within the complete business context. Literature is reviewed to provide a detailed understanding of the relationship between modem operating practices and the application of contemporary control systems. The primary tasks of manufacturing control systems, within the context of a structured systems approach to manufacturing technology, production management and industrial economics are identified. A study of modem manufacturing control system technology is carried out, highlighting the fundamental principles that influence application engineering in this area. The thesis develops a conceptual design framework that aids the identification of attributes required of a next generation manufacturing control system (NGCS), in order to enhance the business performance of lean automotive manufacturing. The architecture for a next generation control system is specified and a Proof of concept system implemented. Potential advances over contemporary practice are identified with the aid of a practical implementation at a major automotive manufacturer

Semantic discovery and reuse of business process patterns

Patterns currently play an important role in modern information systems (IS) development and their use has mainly been restricted to the design and implementation phases of the development lifecycle. Given the increasing significance of business modelling in IS development, patterns have the potential of providing a viable solution for promoting reusability of recurrent generalized models in the very early stages of development. As a statement of research-in-progress this paper focuses on business process patterns and proposes an initial methodological framework for the discovery and reuse of business process patterns within the IS development lifecycle. The framework borrows ideas from the domain engineering literature and proposes the use of semantics to drive both the discovery of patterns as well as their reuse

DEVELOPING AND EVALUATING A WEB-BASED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SPATIAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

This dissertation proposes and evaluates a consolidated design methodology for web-based emergency management decision support systems (WEM-DSSs). The development of the proposed methodology draws upon a literature review which crosslinks substantive topics related to evolving theoretical paradigms in disaster research and the role of information systems within organizations, and competing approaches to the development of GIS and participatory decision support systems. As a conclusion of the literature review, it was suggested that a good software development methodology should be balanced between agility and discipline. Due to the nature of this research, a mixture of Extreme Programming and Capability Maturity Integration approaches with an emphasis on agility is proposed. Then the design of the proposed methodology is refined and tested through a case study that seeks to develop a WEM-DSS for the emergency managers working in Oklahoma. The methodology's effectiveness is mainly evaluated by investigator's ability to follow proposed methodological tasks, ability to involve sufficient user input and ability to follow proposed timeline.The findings of this research enhance our understanding of delivering geographic information to users, and drawing user input from emergency management communities. From a systems development point of view, this study shows that XP and CMMI are in fact compatible with each other. From an empirical viewpoint, the study shows a complete process of following a methodology that is implemented for developing a WEMDSS. Finally, this research delivers a technical product that is built upon user input. This product employs ArcGIS Silverlight API, Microsoft Silverlight and service oriented architectures

Studies on Inequalities in Information Society. Proceedings of the Conference, Well-Being in the Information Society

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Urban-rural interactions for diffusion of sustainability business model for food, energy and water: case study of Tshwane food and energy centre (TFEC, Gauteng) and KwaSwayimane (KZN)

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Architecture in Sustainable and Energy Efficient Cities. May 2018The study is rooted in the food-security and job-creation drive for urban areas as urbanisation and unemployment intensifies thus driving urban-agriculture innovations that focus on small-scale crop and animal production. In contrast, several rural areas with high potential agricultural land are stagnating mainly due to a lack of farming knowledge and skills especially as the younger generation migrate to cities. As a result, an opportunity emerges for the diffusion of innovations in sustainable agricultural practices from innovative urban-agriculture farmers to the slow-to-innovate rural farmers. This study therefore substantiates on this scenario based on diffusion opportunity from urban-to-rural case study communities in South Africa Based on a qualitative study approach and case-study method as well as interviews with purposely selected respondents, the study appraised and compared status-quo practices in the Tshwane Food and Energy Centre (TFEC) and kwaSwayimane communities. Primary data were also collected through direct observation based on field visits to the two case studies. Secondary data on purposely-selected reported cases on diffusion of innovation models/processes in various sectors were also captured and analysed. Data analyses were guided mainly by a comparative approach where status-quo practices across both case studies were compared, variations in practices were applied as the guide to diffusion opportunities, and secondary data on models guided the conceptualisation of the diffusion model. Following on the comparative data analysis, the study finds that even though the initially planned innovation practices for TFEC were not sustained beyond a period of about two months, the case study still serves the diffusion opportunity by demonstrating the integration/synthesis of interventions and optimisation of the economies-of-scale-benefits. Equally, the diffusion shortfalls in the project highlight areas for caution especially with regard to the critical significance of provision for initial piloting at small-scale before scale-up, security system, beneficiary-selection criteria/process and sustaining/expanding on initial networks. Coupled with additional insights from secondary data analysis of reported diffusion models/processes, the study conceptualised a two-phase model (partnering and piloting) for innovation diffusion to host community in kwaSwayimane. As part of the findings, guidelines towards implementation of the model were also conceptualised and substantiated. Besides the innovation diffusion model to be shared with the actors in the diffusion opportunity, the other key recommendation of the study is that innovations such as the integrated sustainability interventions and cooperative business model diffused into the TFEC are adaptable through reinvention towards the uplifting of rural communities such as kwaSwayimane.MT 201