Survey of the State of the Art in Natural Language Generation: Core tasks, applications and evaluation

This paper surveys the current state of the art in Natural Language Generation (NLG), defined as the task of generating text or speech from non-linguistic input. A survey of NLG is timely in view of the changes that the field has undergone over the past decade or so, especially in relation to new (usually data-driven) methods, as well as new applications of NLG technology. This survey therefore aims to (a) give an up-to-date synthesis of research on the core tasks in NLG and the architectures adopted in which such tasks are organised; (b) highlight a number of relatively recent research topics that have arisen partly as a result of growing synergies between NLG and other areas of artificial intelligence; (c) draw attention to the challenges in NLG evaluation, relating them to similar challenges faced in other areas of Natural Language Processing, with an emphasis on different evaluation methods and the relationships between them.Comment: Published in Journal of AI Research (JAIR), volume 61, pp 75-170. 118 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl

Gobernanza, administración institucional e identidad local: la experiencia de los Planes Territoriales Regionales de Área en Lombardía

This paper analyses the planning implementation conducted by the Lombardy Region, in two different inter-municipal realities, as a useful example in a local context: the Area Regional Territorial Plan Alpine Valleys and the Area Regional Territorial Plan of the Franciacorta geographical area. These two complex experiences suggest positive conditions for the implementation of policies of Urban-Rural/Mountain partnerships to reach common goals and enhance urban-rural relationships, and complex institutional/administrative frameworks for activating multi-level governance processes.Este artículo analiza la ejecución de los planes aprobados por la Región de Lombardía en dos realidades intermunicipales diferentes, como ejemplo útil en un contexto local: el Plan Territorial Regional de Área de los Valles Alpinos y el Plan Territorial Regional del Área Geográfica de la Franciacorta. Estas dos complejas experiencias sugieren condiciones positivas para la aplicación de políticas de asociación entre las zonas urbanas y rurales y la montaña para alcanzar objetivos comunes y mejorar las relaciones urbano-rurales, y marcos institucionales y administrativos complejos para activar procesos de gobernanza multinivel

Simple identification tools in FishBase

Simple identification tools for fish species were included in the FishBase information system from its inception. Early tools made use of the relational model and characters like fin ray meristics. Soon pictures and drawings were added as a further help, similar to a field guide. Later came the computerization of existing dichotomous keys, again in combination with pictures and other information, and the ability to restrict possible species by country, area, or taxonomic group. Today, www.FishBase.org offers four different ways to identify species. This paper describes these tools with their advantages and disadvantages, and suggests various options for further development. It explores the possibility of a holistic and integrated computeraided strategy

Contributions to Decision Support Systems, Energy Economics, and Shared Micromobility Research

This thesis includes research articles on Decision Support Systems, Energy Informatics, and Economics, Shared Micromobility, and Digital Study Assistance. For many years, established Information Systems (IS) scholars have called for solutionoriented research to address the most pressing problems of climate change. In this context, this thesis summarizes three consecutive research articles that present the multi-year development of a Decision Support System (DSS) for the energy transformation of the building sector. The DSS Nano Energy System Simulator (NESSI) was developed using Design Science Research guidelines and was further field tested and evaluated with stakeholders. In the discipline of Energy Informatics, a research article is presented that provides a morphological box for the classification of real microgrids. Next, a research article is presented that used regression analysis to investigate the influences of factors on residential photovoltaic system prices and revealed spatial price heterogeneity in Germany. Three research articles are outlined in the Shared Micromobility field. The first article uses a multi-year dataset of location data to examine the spatial and temporal use of e-scooters in Berlin. The second article builds on this and quantifies the influences of various factors such as weather, Covid-19 lockdowns, and other socio-economic parameters on the use of three micromobility concepts. The third article uses a web content mining process to collect a large dataset of police reports on e-scooter accidents. It analyzes risk factors as well as accident implications for riders. A research article on the requirements analysis and development of a digital study assistant concludes this thesis. Here, quantitative surveys and qualitative expert interviews are used to collect requirements from higher education institution stakeholders for a digital study assistant. In addition, developing a study assistance prototype is demonstrated and tested in the field

Aerospace Medicine and Biology. A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 225)

This bibliography lists 140 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in October 1981