4,072 research outputs found

    Behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia and the challenges for family carers: systematic review

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    Background: Tailored psychosocial interventions can help families to manage behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD), but carer responses to their relative's behaviours contribute to the success of support programmes. Aims: To understand why some family carers have difficulty in dealing with BPSD, in order to improve the quality of personalised care that is offered. Method: A systematic review and meta-ethnographic synthesis was conducted of high-quality quantitative and qualitative studies between 1980 and 2012. Results: We identified 25 high-quality studies and two main reasons for behaviours being reported as challenging by family carers: changes in communication and relationships, resulting in ‘feeling bereft’; and perceptions of transgressions against social norms associated with ‘misunderstandings about behaviour’ in the relative with dementia. The underlying belief that their relative had lost, or would inevitably lose, their identity to dementia was a fundamental reason why family carers experienced behaviour as challenging. Conclusions: Family carers' perceptions of BPSD as challenging are associated with a sense of a declining relationship, transgressions against social norms and underlying beliefs that people with dementia inevitably lose their ‘personhood’. Interventions for the management of challenging behaviour in family settings should acknowledge unmet psychological need in family carers

    Powerful Arms and Fertile Soil: English Identity and the Law of Arms in Early Modern England

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    This thesis argues that the status and authority of the English gentleman is derived from the uniquely English interpretation and administration of the Law of Arms by the officers of the College of Arms — the heralds. This research examines questions of honour, genealogy, and law, as they were understood by the heralds, and their role in creating an English identity during the early modern period. The work of Simon Schaffer and Steven Shapin demonstrated that the role of the English gentleman was crucial to the origins of early modern science, in the establishment of truth in “matters of fact.” If, following Schaffer and Shapin, gentlemen played a central role in the social construction of facts, I argue that the College of Arms played a central role in the construction of gentlemen. Through the process of Visitation — which involved historical, genealogical, and chorographical investigation — the heralds ascertained who was gentle, and who was not. While the English gentleman could determine what was legitimate knowledge, it was the heralds who possessed the experience and expertise to determine who was a member of that social class; and the empirical practices for which the English gentleman scientist has been lauded, of “taking no-one’s word for it” and “seeing for oneself” already existed in the process of Visitation undertaken by the heralds, particularly those knowledgeable in the study of antiquities. Relationships between blood, honour, gender, and climate meant that the bodily and cultural identity of the English gentleman was firmly embedded in the English land

    Post-Feminism, Shaming, and Wedding-Themed Reality Television

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    This project combines elements of textual analysis, feminist criticism, and media reception studies to examine wedding-themed reality television programming. Drawing on feminist media studies, television studies, and new media studies, this project investigates identity construction through wedding-themed reality television in three case studies: the renegotiation of icons of traditional femininity on Say Yes to the Dress, the policing of female behavior and perceived unruliness through Bridezillas, and the depiction of female labor in celebrity culture through three weddings featured on Keeping Up with the Kardashians. These three case studies deal with unique yet ultimately interconnected themes of gender identity construction and management. I argue that post-feminist ideologies are instrumental in shaping the way that identity is constructed through advocating specific behaviors and shaming others in three key areas: hyper-consumerism, the pursuit of pseudo-celebrity status, and the reinforcement of traditional gender norms. These themes appear in varied forms and function in different ways across the three case studies. In addition, shaming is enacted in the programs and displayed in the audience response to those programs via social media in three ways: subtle discouragement, containment, and pseudo-resistance. This study begins with a close reading of the three television programs, followed by a reception study of the related conversations taking place on the social media platform Twitter to examine how the textual themes are being understood and discussed by viewers

    The early Quakers, the peace testimony and masculinity in England, 1660–1720

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    As Karen Harvey and Alexandra Shepard have asserted, most research into the history of masculinity has concentrated on dominant groups, while more work is needed on the range of codes of behaviour available to other men. Arguably, no aspect of seventeenth-century Quaker behaviour ran more contrary to dominant norms than the insistence on pacifism and rejection of violence. This article considers Friends’ pacifism and its relation to masculinity, including its implications for local society, showing how it related to Quaker rejections of domestic violence and to the violent masculinity of the alehouse. However, non-violent forms of control were used to uphold patriarchal norms and to control women and those whose behaviour was considered to be inappropriate. Developing the insights of the social scientist Kenneth Boulding and philosopher Steve Smith, this article explores how Quaker practices of exclusion and ostracism can be seen as highly effective forms of coercion, even if they did not involve physical force, and in doing so highlight how seventeenth- and twentieth-century interpretations of pacifism differ. Quaker identity and discipline were maintained in strikingly effective ways which often mirrored patriarchal norms, and indeed Friends’ self-perception is shown to have been highly controlled in order to maintain a collective reputation for sobriety, honesty and restraint

    Social Graphic, Memphis, July 1893

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    New Series Vol. 1, No. 11 of the Social Graphic newspaper published in Memphis, Tennessee, on July 22, 1893. The 8-page weekly was published by The Great South Press and run by Wilbur Challen Paul and edited by Regina Armstrong Hilliard. This issue was the Clara Conway Institute Number with the first three pages devoted to the Institute. The Clara Conway Institute was established in 1877 by Clara Conway (1844-1904), a prominent educator in Memphis, to provide the highest level education to the city\u27s girls, including a kindergarten. By 1885 there were 270 pupils that necessitated the construction of a new building on Poplar which was soon replaced by a bigger building as enrollment continued to grow.https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/speccoll-pub-shelby/1139/thumbnail.jp

    Pervasively Distributed Copyright Enforcement

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    In an effort to control flows of unauthorized information, the major copyright industries are pursuing a range of strategies designed to distribute copyright enforcement functions across a wide range of actors and to embed these functions within communications networks, protocols, and devices. Some of these strategies have received considerable academic and public scrutiny, but much less attention has been paid to the ways in which all of them overlap and intersect with one another. This article offers a framework for theorizing this process. The distributed extension of intellectual property enforcement into private spaces and throughout communications networks can be understood as a new, hybrid species of disciplinary regime that locates the justification for its pervasive reach in a permanent state of crisis. This hybrid regime derives its force neither primarily from centralized authority nor primarily from decentralized, internalized norms, but instead from a set of coordinated processes for authorizing flows of information. Although the success of this project is not yet assured, its odds of success are by no means remote as skeptics have suggested. Power to implement crisis management in the decentralized marketplace for digital content arises from a confluence of private and public interests and is amplified by the dynamics of technical standards processes. The emergent regime of pervasively distributed copyright enforcement has profound implications for the production of the networked information society

    Interactions of technology and society: Impacts of improved airtransport. A study of airports at the grass roots

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    The feasibility of applying a particular conception of technology and social change to specific examples of technological development was investigated. The social and economic effects of improved airport capabilities on rural communities were examined. Factors which led to the successful implementation of a plan to construct sixty small airports in Ohio are explored and implications derived for forming public policies, evaluating air transportation development, and assessing technology

    Adolescent Literacy and Textbooks: An Annotated Bibliography

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    A companion report to Carnegie's Time to Act, provides an annotated bibliography of research on textbook design and reading comprehension for fourth through twelfth grade, arranged by topic. Calls for a dialogue between publishers and researchers

    v. 47, no. 4, September 5, 1980

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    Irregular no. 42; Aug. 1971

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    In this issue: 1. The Australian Council of Trade Unions (A.C.T.U.) housing? 2. (a) A tame transport reform; (b) Transport traffic tragedy 3. “Planning” by big corporation
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