Data enabling digital ecosystem for sustainable shared electric mobility-as-a-service in smart cities-an innovative business model perspective

Increase in urbanization drives the need for municipalities to make mobility more efficient, both to address climate goals as well as creating a smart living environment for citizens, with less noise congestion, and pollution. As vehicles are being electrified, further advances will be needed to meet social, environmental, and economic sustainability targets, and a more efficient use of vehicles and public transport is central in this endeavor. Accordingly, Electric Mobility as a Service (eMaaS) has developed as a concept with the potential to increase sustainability mobility in cities and been designated as a phenomenon with potential to radically change how people move in the future. But presently there is the lack of a common business model that supports complex integration of all actors, digital technologies, and infrastructures involved in the eMaaS business ecosystem. This study aims to support the further development of eMaaS by providing a state of the art of eMaaS and further proposes a digital ecosystem as a business model for eMaaS sharing in smart cities. Accordingly, a systematic literature review was adopted grounded on secondary data from the literature to offers a new approach to urban mobility and demonstrate the suitability of the eMaaS concept in smart communities. The digital ecosystem is designed based on system design approach. Findings from this study provides a sustainable policy perspective, discusses the challenges and opportunities towards the development of eMaaS and its impact on electrification of vehicles. Overall, findings from this study considers the role of electric vehicles as part of the mobility sharing economy. Recommendations from this study provides designs and strategies for eMaaS, the interrelations between eMobility and other everyday practices, strategically highlighting the positive benefits of eMaaS and broader policies to limit private car usage in cities.publishedVersio

A Survey on Privacy-preserving Blockchain Systems (PPBS) and A Novel PPBS-based Framework for Smart Agriculture

Blockchain and smart contracts have seen significant application over the last decade, revolutionising many industries, including cryptocurrency, finance and banking, and supply chain management. In many cases, however, the transparency provided potentially comes at the cost of privacy. Blockchain does have potential uses to increase privacy-preservation. This paper outlines the current state of privacy preservation utilising Blockchain and Smart Contracts, as applied to a number of fields and problem domains. It provides a background of blockchain, outlines the challenges in blockchain as they relate to privacy, and then classifies into areas in which this paradigm can be applied to increase or protect privacy. These areas are cryptocurrency, data management and storage, e-voting, the Internet of Things, and smart agriculture. This work then proposes PPSAF, a new privacy-preserving framework designed explicitly for the issues that are present in smart agriculture. Finally, this work outlines future directions of research in areas combining future technologies, privacy-preservation and blockchain

Towards Systematic Specification of Non-Functional Requirements for Sharing Economy Services

Sharing Economy (SE) systems use technologies to enable sharing of physical assets and services among individuals. This allows optimisation of resources, thus contributing to the re-use principle of Circular Economy. In this paper, we assess existing SE services and identify their challenges in areas that are not technically connected to their core functionality but are essential in creating trust: information security and privacy, personal data protection and fair economic incentives. Existing frameworks for elicitation of non-functional requirements are heterogeneous in their focus and domain specific. Hence, we propose to develop a holistic methodology for non-functional requirements specification for SE systems following a top-down-top approach. A holistic methodology considering non-functional requirements is essential and can assist in the analysis and design of SE systems in a systematic and unified way applied from the early stages of the system development

Potential Categories for the Application of Blockchain in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

693JJ321D000021 Task Order 693JJ322F00408NThe purpose of this document is to summarize for the United States Department of Transportation\u2019s (U.S. DOT\u2019s) Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office (ITS JPO), the potential blockchain applications in ITS categorized based on Architecture Reference for Cooperative and Intelligent Transportation (ARC-IT) taxonomy. The applications are selected based on the literature review of existing blockchain applications, conceptual use cases and pilot projects; relevance with U.S. DOT\u2019s strategic goals and research and development plans; and inputs from U.S. DOT

Blockchain for Cities—A Systematic Literature Review

Blockchain is considered one of the most disruptive technologies of our time. Numerous cities around the world are launching blockchain initiatives as part of the overall efforts toward shaping the urban future. However, the infancy stage of the blockchain industry leads to a severe gap between the knowledge we have and the actions urban policy makers are taking. This paper is an effort to narrow this rift. We provide a systematic literature review on concrete blockchain use cases proposed by the research community. At the macro-level, we discuss and organize use cases from 159 selected papers into nine sectors recognized as crucial for sustainable and smart urban future. At the micro-level, we identify a component-based framework and analyze the design and prototypes of blockchain systems studied in a subset of 71 papers. The high-level use case review allows us to illustrate the relationship between them and the four pillars of urban sustainability: social, economic, environmental, and governmental. The system level analysis helps us highlight interesting inconsistencies between well-known blockchain applicability decision rules and the approaches taken by the literature. We also offer two classification methodologies for blockchain use cases and elaborate on how they can be applied to stimulate cross-sector insights in the blockchain knowledge domain

Designing Data Spaces

This open access book provides a comprehensive view on data ecosystems and platform economics from methodical and technological foundations up to reports from practical implementations and applications in various industries. To this end, the book is structured in four parts: Part I “Foundations and Contexts” provides a general overview about building, running, and governing data spaces and an introduction to the IDS and GAIA-X projects. Part II “Data Space Technologies” subsequently details various implementation aspects of IDS and GAIA-X, including eg data usage control, the usage of blockchain technologies, or semantic data integration and interoperability. Next, Part III describes various “Use Cases and Data Ecosystems” from various application areas such as agriculture, healthcare, industry, energy, and mobility. Part IV eventually offers an overview of several “Solutions and Applications”, eg including products and experiences from companies like Google, SAP, Huawei, T-Systems, Innopay and many more. Overall, the book provides professionals in industry with an encompassing overview of the technological and economic aspects of data spaces, based on the International Data Spaces and Gaia-X initiatives. It presents implementations and business cases and gives an outlook to future developments. In doing so, it aims at proliferating the vision of a social data market economy based on data spaces which embrace trust and data sovereignty

Research and innovation in smart mobility and services in Europe: An assessment based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS)

For smart mobility to be cost-efficient and ready for future needs, adequate research and innovation (R&I) in this field is necessary. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of R&I in smart mobility and services in Europe. The assessment follows the methodology developed by the European Commission’s Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). The report critically assesses research by thematic area and technologies, highlighting recent developments and future needs.JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transpor

Digital Transformation in Transport, Construction, Energy, Government and Public Administration

This report provides an analysis of digital transformation (DT) in a selection of policy areas covering transport, construction, energy, and digital government and public administration. DT refers in the report to the profound changes that are taking place in all sectors of the economy and society as a result of the uptake and integration of digital technologies in every aspect of human life. Digital technologies are having increasing impacts on the way of living, of working, on communication, and on social interaction of a growing share of the population. DT is expected to be a strategic policy area for a number of years to come and there is an urgent need to be able to identify and address current and future challenges for the economy and society, evaluating impact and identifying areas requiring policy intervention. Because of the very wide range of interrelated domains to be considered when analysing DT, a multidisciplinary approach was adopted to produce this report, involving experts from different domains. For each of the four sectors that are covered, the report presents an overview of DT, DT enablers and barriers, its economic and social impacts, and concludes with the way forward for policy and future research.JRC.B.6-Digital Econom

Bit Bang 8: Digitalization

This book is the 8th in the Bit Bang series of books produced as multidisciplinary teamwork exercises by doctoral students participating in the course Bit Bang 8: Digitalization at Aalto University during the academic year 2015–2016. Digitalization has brought great opportunities for economic growth, productivity gain and job creation in our societies, and will change the way industry will operate. Bit Bang 8 addressed the topic of digitalization from the perspective of its economic, environmental and social sustainability. The course elaborated on the interconnectedness of these phenomena, and linked them to possible future scenarios, global megatrends and ethical considerations. How will digitalization shape our future? How can we prepare can prepare our societies to respond to these changes? Working in teams, the students set out to answer questions related to the digitalization and to brainstorm radical scenarios of what the future could hold. This joint publication contains articles produced as teamwork assignments for the course, in which the students were encouraged to take novel and radical views on digitalization. The Bit Bang series of courses is supported by the Multidisciplinary Institute of Digitalisation and Energy (MIDE). Previous Bit Bang publications are available from http:/mide.aalto.fi