66,456 research outputs found

    Implementation of AMI Systems in CFE-Distribution, Mexico

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    The Smart Grid concept has been conceived as the integration of the electrical grid (generation, transmission and distribution) and the communications network of an electric utility. Although, traditional communications interfaces, protocols and standards has been used in the electrical grid in an isolated manner, modern communications networks are considered as the fundamental enabling technologies within a Smart Grid environment. Emerging communications technologies, protocol architectures and standards can help to build a common communications network infrastructure for data transport between customer premises, power substations, power distribution systems, utility control centers and utility data centers. The Smart Grid will support traditional applications such as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), distribution automation (DA), energy management systems (EMS), demand site management (DSM) and automated meter reading (AMR), etc., as well as new applications like advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), substation automation (SA), microgrids, distributed generation (DG), grid monitoring and control, data storage and analysis, among others. To make this possible, the Smart Grid requires a two-way wide area communications network between different dispersed areas, from generation to consumer premises. An AMI system uses communication technologies for smart meter reading several times a day to get data consumption of electricity, as well as sending outage alarm information and meter tampering almost in real time, from the meter to the control center. Currently, there are various communication technologies to implement AMI systems. This paper presents an overview of the most relevant communications technologies that can be used to implement AMI communications infrastructure such as neighborhood area networks (NAN), field area networks (FAN) and wide area networks (WAN) using different transmission media such as fiber optics, spread spectrum radio frequency, microwave, WiMax, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, cellular, and power line carrier. In addition, a review of the current state of various AMI projects around the world, including the progress in the implementation of AMI systems in Mexico, besides the evaluation performance of CFE´s AMI networks

    Data compression in smart distribution systems via singular value decomposition

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    Electrical distribution systems have been experiencing many changes in recent times. Advances in metering system infrastructure and the deployment of a large number of smart meters in the grid will produce a big volume of data that will be required for many different applications. Despite the significant investments taking place in the communications infrastructure, this remains a bottleneck for the implementation of some applications. This paper presents a methodology for lossy data compression in smart distribution systems using the singular value decomposition technique. The proposed method is capable of significantly reducing the volume of data to be transmitted through the communications network and accurately reconstructing the original data. These features are illustrated by results from tests carried out using real data collected from metering devices at many different substations

    A cloud-based smart metering infrastructure for distribution grid services and automation

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    © 2017 The Authors The evolution of the power systems towards the smart grid paradigm is strictly dependent on the modernization of distribution grids. To achieve this target, new infrastructures, technologies and applications are increasingly required. This paper presents a smart metering infrastructure that unlocks a large set of possible services aimed at the automation and management of distribution grids. The proposed architecture is based on a cloud solution, which allows the communication with the smart meters from one side and provides the needed interfaces to the distribution grid services on the other one. While a large number of applications can be designed on top of the cloud, in this paper the focus will be on a real-time distributed state estimation algorithm that enables the automatic reconfiguration of the grid. The paper will present the key role of the cloud solution for obtaining scalability, interoperability and flexibility, and for enabling the integration of different services for the automation of the distribution system. The distributed state estimation algorithm and the automatic network reconfiguration will be presented as an example of coordinated operation of different distribution grid services through the cloud

    Utilization of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in Smart Grid: A Review

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    The uncertainty in fuel cost, the ageing of most existing grid, the lack of utilities’ supply capacity to respond to the increasing load demand, and the lack of automatically power restoration, accelerate the need to modernize the distribution network by introducing new technologies, putting the smart grid (SG) on spot. The aim of this paper is to carry out a detailed survey of the major requirements of (SG) and discuss the operational challenges arising from the integration of distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks (DN). These requirements dictate the necessity to review the energy and communication infrastructure, the automatic control, metering and monitoring systems, and highlight the features of smart protection system for a robust and efficient distribution grid. In addition, the paper aims to classify the energy storage systems (ESS) and explain their role for utilities, consumers and for environment. This includes the pumped hydro systems (PHS) and compressed air systems (CAS), battery energy storage systems (BESSs), double layer and superconductive capacitors, and electric vehicles (EVs). Since BESSs emerged as one of the most promising technology for several power applications, the paper presents an overview of their main features, management and control systems and operational modes. A survey about the utilization of BESSs in power system is presented

    Smart grid technology in the developing world

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    A smart grid is the integration of communication and information technologies with contemporary power infrastructure to enhance load service and to incorporate continually evolving end-use applications. It is the latest advancement in the areas of power generation, transmission and distribution. It has advanced beyond the traditional grid structure at every stage; a smart grid is capable of incorporating distributed generation (DG) renewable sources and has improved transmission capabilities through implementation of technologies such as Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). Through the addition of control technology in the distribution network a smart grid is able to implement “self-healing” and other methods to improve reliability of power supply. Enhanced interconnectivity also offers the option of microgrid development which can be accomplished more quickly and affordably than a large scale grid. The ultimate goal of this approach is to then connect various microgrids to establish a robust network. On the consumer’s side, smart devices are being developed which can practice load shifting to reduce demand on the grid at peak hours. One facet of this technology network is the smart meter, an enhanced metering device used by the consumer to practice demand side management through control technology and informed decision making. All of these characteristics make the smart grid more reliable, efficient, versatile, cost effective, interactive and environmentally beneficial than other systems. The goal of this paper is to first explore the characteristics of a smart grid system and to report on current work that is being done implementing these systems, particularly in developing countries. The latter half of the paper will then present a test for smart grid compatibility on a national level based on the necessary and beneficial preconditions for smart grid development. That test will then be applied to nations that lack a significant or reliable power generation and transmission system. The results of this test will determine specific regions which meet the criteria for both a high compatibility for smart grid development and a high demand for the solutions it offers. Those results will be synthesized into a proposal for future work, with the goal of broadening the global focus of smart grid development to include countries where millions of people still lack access to electricity in their cities and homes

    A framework for analyzing and testing cyber-physical interactions for smart grid applications

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    The reliable performance of the smart grid is a function of the configuration and cyber- physical nature of its constituting sub-systems. Therefore, the ability to capture the interactions between its cyber and physical domains is necessary to understand the effect that each one has on the other. As such, the work in this paper presents a co-simulation platform that formalizes the understanding of cyber information flow and the dynamic behavior of physical systems, and captures the interactions between them in smart grid applications. Power system simulation software packages, embedded microcontrollers, and a real communication infrastructure are combined together to provide a cohesive smart grid cyber-physical platform. A data-centric communication scheme, with automatic network discovery, was selected to provide an interoperability layer between multi-vendor devices and software packages, and to bridge different protocols. The effectiveness of the proposed framework was verified in three case studies: (1) hierarchical control of electric vehicles charging in microgrids, (2) International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC) 61850 protocol emulation for protection of active distribution networks, and (3) resiliency enhancement against fake data injection attacks. The results showed that the cosimulation platform provided a high-fidelity design, analysis, and testing environment for cyber information flow and their effect on the physical operation of the smart grid, as they were experimentally verified, down to the packet, over a real communication network

    Key Management Systems for Smart Grid Advanced Metering Infrastructure: A Survey

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    Smart Grids are evolving as the next generation power systems that involve changes in the traditional ways of generation, transmission and distribution of power. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is one of the key components in smart grids. An AMI comprises of systems and networks, that collects and analyzes data received from smart meters. In addition, AMI also provides intelligent management of various power-related applications and services based on the data collected from smart meters. Thus, AMI plays a significant role in the smooth functioning of smart grids. AMI is a privileged target for security attacks as it is made up of systems that are highly vulnerable to such attacks. Providing security to AMI is necessary as adversaries can cause potential damage against infrastructures and privacy in smart grid. One of the most effective and challenging topic's identified, is the Key Management System (KMS), for sustaining the security concerns in AMI. Therefore, KMS seeks to be a promising research area for future development of AMI. This survey work highlights the key security issues of advanced metering infrastructures and focuses on how key management techniques can be utilized for safeguarding AMI. First of all, we explore the main features of advanced metering infrastructures and identify the relationship between smart grid and AMI. Then, we introduce the security issues and challenges of AMI. We also provide a classification of the existing works in literature that deal with secure key management system in AMI. Finally, we identify possible future research directions of KMS in AMI

    Open source interface for distribution system modeling in power system co-simulation applications and two algorithms for populating feeder models, An

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    2017 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.The aging electric infrastructure power system infrastructure is undergoing a transformative change mainly triggered by the large-scale integration of distributed resources such as distributed generation, hybrid loads, and home energy management systems at the end-use level. The future electric grid, also referred to as the Smart Grid, will make use of these distributed resources to intelligently manage the day to day power system operations with minimum human intervention. The proliferation of these advanced Smart Grid resources may lead to coordination problems to maintain the generation-demand balance at all times. To ensure their safe integration with the grid, extensive simulation studies need to be performed using distributed resources. Simulation studies serve as an economically viable alternative to avoid expensive failures. They also serve as an invaluable platform to study energy consumption behavior, demand response, power system stability, and power system state estimation. Traditionally, power system analysis has been performed in isolated domains using simulation tools for the transmission and distribution systems. Moreover, modeling all the power system assets using a single power system tool is difficult and inconclusive. From the Smart Grid perspective, a common simulation platform for different power systems analysis tools is essential. A co-simulation framework enables the interaction of multiple power system tools, each modeling a single domain in detail, to run simultaneously and provide a holistic power system overview. To enable the co-simulation framework, a data exchange platform between the transmission and distribution system simulators is proposed to model transmission and distribution assets on different simulation testbeds. A graphical user interface (GUI) is developed as a frontend tool for the data exchange platform and makes use of two developed algorithms that simplifies the task of: 1. modeling distribution assets consisting of diverse feeder datasets for the distribution simulator and balanced three-phase level assets for the transmission system simulator, and 2. populating the distribution system with loads having stochastic profiles for timestep simulations. The load profiles used in the distribution system models are created using concepts from one-dimensional random walk theory to mimic the energy consumption behavior of residential class of consumers. The algorithms can simulate large scale distribution system assets linked to a transmission system for co-simulation applications. The proposed algorithms are tested on the standard test system – Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) to model detailed distribution assets linked to a selected transmission node. Two open source power system simulators—MATPOWER© and GridLAB-D© are used for the transmission and distribution simulation process. The algorithms accurately create detailed distribution topology populated with 4026 residential loads expanded from the transmission node, bus 2 in RBTS. Thus, an automated modeling of power system transmission and distribution assets is proposed along with its application using a standard test system is provided

    Smart energy systems: integration of power, heating/cooling, transport, water and waste sectors

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    Smart energy systems with smart infrastructure definitely represent the fundamental ingredient in the process of integration of variable generation from renewables. Even more, the steps towards smart infrastructure should be expanded to integration of energy consumption in transport, heating/cooling, water and waste sector in order to establish observability and controllability features in the integrated energy sector. These topics, with a number of complementary issues, will be elaborated through the proposed review paper. The literature overview is quite long and focus of elaboration should be concentrated on research papers with significant contributions. Topics that will be covered in this review paper include modern energy systems with high penetration of renewable energy sources and with smart grid wide applications, but also papers devoted to demand response programs (they enable distribution system operators to manage consumption in response to grid imbalances), energy storage options (including electric cars with smart electric charging), smart municipal energy grids including electricity and heat production infrastructure, power to heat technologies. Transport electrification and integration of energy consumption/production in water and waste sector will be covered in this review also with the special emphasis on increasing needs for electricity due to electrification of transport and heating sector (heat pumps,...). In this review paper open questions within smart energy system will be recognized and directions for future research and investigations will be identified. A special attention to gradual transition from the conventional energy systems towards smart multi energy systems and to corresponding research results in this field will be given
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