CLARKSON, Thomas

Title: Papers, 1814-1846 Description: .5 linear ft. Notes: English philanthropist and abolitionist. Chiefly correspondence relating to Clarkson\u27s international efforts in connection with the abolition of slavery; together with clippings concerning slavery and the annexation of Texas, and anti-slavery meetings in the early 1800\u27s. Correspondents include Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, Lewis Tappan, and Roberts Vaux. Purchase, 1949 and 1958. Subjects: Abolitionists -- England. lcsh Buxton, Thomas Fowell, Sir, 1786-1845. Slavery. Slave-trade. Tappan, Lewis, 1788-1873. Texas -- Annexation to the United States. Vaux, Roberts, 1786-1836. Location: Howard University, Moorland-Spingarn Research Center (Washington, DC) NIDS Fiche #: 4.72.18. NUCMC Number: DCLV96-A37

Slavery and the Postbellum University: The Case of SMU

People who practiced slavery across the United States, or engaged in slavery-related practices, were often the same civically-minded social, legal, and economic leaders who founded the nation’s first colleges and universities. There was, thus, from our earliest times, an unacknowledged but firm tie between the values and high ideals of the academy that existed in stark contraposition to the horrors of human bondage that fueled those institutions. Many North American colleges founded before the Civil War relied on money derived from the elite members of society with direct involvements in slavery. While a growing body of scholarly work discusses early colleges’ and universities’ substantial interactions with slavery, relatively little work has addressed the role of slavery at academic institutions founded after the Civil War and the general emancipation of enslaved people. This Article, part of a larger project, looks at the role of slavery at some postbellum institutions. The focus here is on Texas slavery, which came into wider public attention with the adoption of Juneteenth as a national holiday in June 2021. Many postbellum Texas colleges and universities and their founders had extensive ties to slavery and slavery-related practices. This was no less true at Southern Methodist University (SMU), and for one of its key founding families, the Caruths

Slavery and the Postbellum University: The Case of SMU

People who practiced slavery across the United States, or engaged in slavery-related practices, were often the same civically-minded social, legal, and economic leaders who founded the nation’s first colleges and universities. There was, thus, from our earliest times, an unacknowledged but firm tie between the values and high ideals of the academy that existed in stark contraposition to the horrors of human bondage that fueled those institutions. Many North American colleges founded before the Civil War relied on money derived from the elite members of society with direct involvements in slavery. While a growing body of scholarly work discusses early colleges\u27 and universities\u27 substantial interactions with slavery, relatively little work has addressed the role of slavery at academic institutions founded after the Civil War and the general emancipation of enslaved people. This Article, part of a larger project, looks at the role of slavery at some postbellum institutions. The focus here is on Texas slavery, which came into wider public attention with the adoption of Juneteenth as a national holiday in June 2021. Many postbellum Texas colleges and universities and their founders had extensive ties to slavery and slavery-related practices. This was no less true at Southern Methodist University (SMU), and for one of its key founding families, the Caruths

Slavery – A Problem of the Past? [7th grade]

This interdisciplinary unit focuses on the institution of slavery and the many forms in which it manifests. Students will be challenged to look at slavery in all of its forms and determine its impact on the lives of those who experienced it. In Texas History the students will look at the political, social and economic factors that caused slavery to be a dominate force in the growth of Texas. In ELA, students will look at slavery from the point of view of a former slave as they read the historical-fiction novel, “Spartacus”, by Lewis Grassic Gibbon. For their Performance Task, students will research the forms that slavery takes in the modern world. To extend the exercise, students will attempt to find ways that they can bring about change in the conditions of those who are suffering from these contemporary forms of slavery. Students will understand that while all people are created equal; not all people are treated equally. Additionally, students will walk away from this unit understanding that history is a story, and who tells the story affects how it is perceived

The Black Frontier

As a nationalistic concept, frontier refers to America\u27s westward expansion, which was propelled in the nineteenth century by Manifest Destiny. Culturally, frontier promises even more: the creation of communities, the development of markets and states, the merging of peoples and cultures, and the promise of survival and persistence based on values of equality and democracy. Thousands of people left their homes in the East to pursue these ideals, including large communities of African Americans. However, African Americans, like many other cultural groups who moved westward, encountered struggles when they reached the new frontier. In some cases, they faced the same problems they left the East to escape. As new frontier territories and states were founded, new regional policies on slavery were also created. When the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) ceded the territories of California and New Mexico to the United States, it outlawed slavery in the new territories. California entered the Union in 1850 as an officially free state. Before the Civil War, about one thousand slaves lived in California, which despite its status as a free state remained inconsistent in defining its anti-slavery laws. The state continued to label as property both fugitive slaves and those who entered the state with their masters before 1850. As a result, de facto slavery continued in California. The state had the largest number of bondservants west of Texas, working in fields and households

The Santa Fe Expedition’s Impact on Texas Annexation

The American Southwest to this day conjures images of burly pioneers and freedom beyond the bounds of established civilization, a unique spirit that harkens back to the era of the Lone Star Republic of Texas. Not only was the state once its own sovereign nation, it gained independence from Mexico through raising a true civilian army compromised overwhelmingly of the classic frontiersmen, live-off-the-land Texan that made up the new nation’s population. While depictions of the quintessential Texan against the promotion of its vast lands ripe with unhindered opportunity drew masses of Americans to Texas, the propaganda hid a web of political maneuverings and agendas within Texas politics and between the budding nation and the United States. Behind the changing leadership laid vastly different visions for the future of Texas as a potential U.S. state and the possibility of Texas remaining independent became a grave possibility given the turbulent sectionalism in the states over slavery. It wasn’t until the failed expedition along the Santa Fe Trail, which represented an attempt at growing as an independent nation, exposed the true political climate of the Texas government and caused Texas to move beyond being merely a question of slavery expansion in the U.S. While the explosion of American sectionalism and slavery debates halted annexation plans for Texas, the Santa Fe Expedition ultimately reaffirmed the U.S.’s need for Texas statehood in the interest of protecting westward expansion

Taxes and Slavery in Texas, 1845-1860

The ultimate purpose of this study is to bring forth the taxation question on slavery, showing its total significance to the economy of Texas. In the attempt to do this certain questions are formulated. Was property in slaves valuable as a source of taxable wealth? What was the pattern of law governing the taxation of this property? How did the taxable value of slaves compare with other tax valuations in Texas during this period 1845-1860? What proportions of the taxes was represented by slave property? Does a relationship exist between property in slaves and occupations of a given region? The chosen period of fifteen years, 1845-1860, is the scope of this study. The year 1845 was chosen because it is the date Texas enters the union and thus assured favorable conditions for the development of the Anglo- Americal institution of slavery. There had been slavery during the period of the Republic, but the full realization of the possibilities of institutionalization came only with attachment of this territory to the American union. The date 1860 was chosen because this can be considered the last date when the institution of slavery could be considered to exist under conditions that could be considered normal. The material scope of this study covers a selection of 79 counties in East Texas as they appeared on the shelves by year in the Archives of the State Comptroller\u27s office. Special statistical attention has been given to the years, 1850, 1855, and 1859

Disrupting Illicit Supply Networks: New Applications of Operations Research and Data Analytics to End Modern Slavery

Report from a 2017 National Science Foundation workshop on promising research directions for applications of operations research and data analytics toward the disruption of illicit supply networks like human trafficking. The workshop was funded by the NSF’s Operations Engineering (ENG) and the Law & Social Sciences Program (SBE) under grant # CMMI-1726895. The report addresses the opportunity to apply advances from the fields of operations research, management science, analytics, machine learning, and data science toward the development of disruptive interventions against illicit networks. Such an extension of the current research agenda for trafficking would move understanding of such dynamic systems from descriptive characterization and predictive estimation toward improved dynamic operational control.Bureau of Business Researc