Design of a VR-based training system for the evacuation of an engineering laboratory building

Según la Unidad Nacional para la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres, 12.896 personas han sido afectadas por incendios estructurales en Colombia en los últimos años. Para reducir las consecuencias de estos desastres se han propuesto diferentes estrategias, como los simulacros de evacuación. Sin embargo, se ha demostrado que las metodologías tradicionales no son tan efectivas porque carecen de un componente práctico. Por ello, este proyecto propone y diseña un sistema de entrenamiento para realizar una evacuación ante la presencia de un posible incendio estructural utilizando la realidad virtual. El escenario seleccionado para este ejercicio corresponde al edificio de laboratorios de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá. Dada su reciente apertura y la emergencia sanitaria generada por el SARS-CoV-2, no se han realizado simulacros de evacuación desde su inauguración. Para el desarrollo de la propuesta se seleccionaron inicialmente las herramientas de software y hardware con las que se realizó el experimento. Esta selección se realizó teniendo en cuenta los criterios de la Norma ISO 25010 y se utilizó la metodología AHP basada en la opinión de algunos expertos en la materia. A continuación, se diseñaron dos aplicaciones, la primera correspondía al escenario de aprendizaje, en el que los participantes se adaptaban al entorno virtual. La segunda fue la aplicación principal que contenía la simulación de la emergencia. Posteriormente, se obtuvo un tamaño de muestra de 67 personas, que debían pertenecer a la Facultad de Ingeniería. Por último, se llevó a cabo la aplicación del experimento, en la que se utilizaron encuestas como método de recogida de datos. Además, se registraron algunos tiempos relacionados con el desempeño de los participantes.Una vez finalizada la aplicación del experimento, se utilizó el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS versión 28.0) para analizar los datos recogidos. Las principales pruebas estadísticas realizadas fueron: U de Mann Withney, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, entre otras. Cabe destacar que se tuvo en cuenta un nivel de confianza del 95% para los respectivos análisis. Se encontró una diferencia significativa entre el tiempo medio empleado por hombres y mujeres en el experimento. Además, la percepción de los participantes mejoró en factores como el realismo de la evacuación, la motivación, el conocimiento y el interés en la prevención de desastres. Asimismo, el 97,1% de los participantes prefirió la metodología de evacuación propuesta a la tradicional tradicionales.La aplicación del concepto de juegos serios integrados con la realidad virtual mejora significativamente el aprendizaje de los participantes al generar un mayor nivel de inmersión en la emergencia. Teniendo en cuenta el tiempo medio que tardaron los participantes en aprender el sistema de evacuación del edificio con la aplicación desarrollada, se obtuvo un impacto positivo en áreas como: productividad, economía, cultura, salud y tecnología. Lo anterior demostró que la metodología propuesta tiene mayores ventajas sobre los simulacros tradicionales que se han aplicado hasta ahora.According to the National Unit for Disaster Risk Management, 12,896 people have been affected by structural fires in Colombia in recent years. In order to reduce the consequences of these disasters, different strategies have been proposed, such as evacuation drills. However, it has been shown that traditional methodologies are not as effective because they lack a practical component. For this reason, this project proposes and designs a training system to perform an evacuation due to the presence of a possible structural fire using virtual reality. The scenario selected for this exercise corresponds to the laboratory building of the Faculty of Engineering of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá. Given its recent opening and the health emergency generated by SARS-CoV-2, evacuation drills have not been carried out since its inauguration. In order to develop the proposal, the software and hardware tools with which the experiment was carried out were initially selected. This selection was made taking into account the criteria of the ISO 25010 Standard and the AHP methodology was used based on the opinion of some experts in the area. Then, two applications were designed, the first one corresponded to the learning scenario, in which the participants adapted to the virtual environment. The second was the main application containing the emergency simulation. Subsequently, a sample size of 67 people was obtained, who had to belong to the Faculty of Engineering. Finally, the application of the experiment was carried out, in which surveys were used as a method of data collection. Also, some times related to the performance of the participants were recorded. Once the application of the experiment was completed, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 28.0 version) software was used to analyze the data collected. The main statistical tests performed were: U by Mann Withney, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, among others. It should be noted that a confidence level of 95% was taken into account for the respective analyses. A significant difference was found between the mean time spent by men and women in the experiment. Also, the perception of the participants improved in factors such as the realism of the evacuation, motivation, knowledge and interest in disaster prevention. Likewise, 97.1% of the participants preferred the proposed evacuation methodology to the traditional ones. The application of the concept of serious games integrated with virtual reality significantly improves participants' learning by generating a higher level of immersion in the emergency. Given the average time it took the participants to learn the evacuation system of the building with the developed application, a positive impact was obtained in areas such as: productivity, economy, culture, health and technology. The above showed that the proposed methodology has greater advantages over traditional drills that have been applied so far.Ingeniero (a) IndustrialPregrad

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