57 research outputs found
Integrated Chemical Processes in Liquid Multiphase Systems
The essential principles of green chemistry are the use of renewable raw materials, highly efficient catalysts and green solvents linked with energy efficiency and process optimization in real-time. Experts from different fields show, how to examine all levels from the molecular elementary steps up to the design and operation of an entire plant for developing novel and efficient production processes
Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from offshore produced water by advanced oxidation technologies
As the largest waste stream from offshore oil and gas industry, offshore produced water contains dissolved toxic organic pollutants that are hard to be removed by conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Among those pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of growing concern due to their high toxicity and persistence in the marine and coastal environments. Removal of PAHs from produced water before disposal is thus essential for offshore oil and gas production. However, the offshore operation and facilities (e.g., platforms and ships) usually have many special technical and economic constraints that limit the applications of many treatment technologies. Since advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are featured with high cost-efficiency, small footprints, and eco-friendliness which well match with the requirements of offshore operation and present a promising treatment option for offshore wastewater (e.g., produced water). However, limited research efforts have been reported in investigating AOPsâ mechanisms, performance and applicability in treating offshore produced water. In order to help fill the knowledge and technical gaps, this research aimed at development of advanced oxidation technologies for removal of PAHs from offshore produced water treatment and examination of the oxidation processes and kinetics, and effluent toxicity and biodegradability.
To ensure efficient, reliable, and acurate analysis results, a refined analytical method, Vortex and Shaker Assisted Liquid-liquid Microextraction (VSA-LLME), was first developed, tested and adopted in the analysis of 16 priority PAHs recommended by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Under the optimized condition, the enrichment factors ranged from 68 to 78. The recoveries of the method were 74 to 85%, and the limits of detection were as low as 2 to 5 ng/L. The linearity results (RÂČ values) for 16 PAHs were all above 0.99 with the relative standard deviations (RSD%) of 6 to 11%. This method also creatively utilized the organic constitutes in produced water as dispersive solvents to reduce the solvent consumption. Its straightforward procedure and excellent performance showed a strong potential for application in research and regulatory and industrial practice.
The photolysis of 16 PAHs in offshore produced water was then thoroughly investigated in this research. The results indicated much more complex kinetics in the removal of PAHs from produced water than those in stilled water, mianly due to the complex chemical constitutions of the substrate. The experiment disclosed the unique mechanisms including direct photolysis, dynamic light screening, and radical induced organic synthesis. A novel kinetic model involving dynamic light screening was developed and approved to support the mechanism analysis, and a semi-empirical model was also established to simulate the photolysis process. The proposed mechanisms and kinetics not only helped answered some scientific questions but also showed strong practical significance for further AOP development and applications.
The performance of ozonation in removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from offshore produced water (OPW) was studied. The experimental results showed that ozone dose had positive effect due to enhancement in ozone decomposition, and radical yield. On the other hand, the removal was suppressed at increased bubble size and pH, which may be attributed to the reduction of interfacial area as well as stronger radical scavenging effect, respectively. Microtox tests showed that the acute toxicity of OPW was reduced after ozonation, which was highly correlated with the removal of PAHs. Such reduction was inhibited at high ozone doses, possibly due to the formation of disinfection by-products via reactions with halogens. As compared to control, ozonated OPW had higher oxygen uptake and less organic residual after biodegradation, indicating more bioavailable organics were formed after ozonation. Results from this study can be used as good references for designing new or upgrading existing OPW treatment systems using ozonation.
Based on the experimental results, the three major mechanisms affecting the PAHs removal through AOP treatment were proposed in the first time. Novel kinetic models based on the dynamic oxidant competitiveness was developed and validated. The model was able to simulate the oxidation processes, quantify the effects of different operational parameters. The testing result also indicated that insufficient treatment could lead to carcinogenetic by-products. On the other hand, proper advanced oxidation technologies could significantly increase biodegradability, showing strong potential of combining with conventional biological treatment in practice
Factories of the Future
Engineering; Industrial engineering; Production engineerin
Sustainability in design: now! Challenges and opportunities for design research, education and practice in the XXI century
Copyright @ 2010 Greenleaf PublicationsLeNS project funded by the Asia Link Programme, EuropeAid, European Commission
Energy, Science and Technology 2015. The energy conference for scientists and researchers. Book of Abstracts, EST, Energy Science Technology, International Conference & Exhibition, 20-22 May 2015, Karlsruhe, Germany
We are pleased to present you this Book of Abstracts, which contains the submitted contributions to the "Energy, Science and Technology Conference & Exhibition EST 2015". The EST 2015 took place from May, 20th until May, 22nd 2015 in Karlsruhe, Germany, and brought together many different stakeholders, who do research or work in the broad field of "Energy".
Renewable energies have to present a relevant share in a sustainable energy system and energy efficiency has to guarantee that conventional as well as renewable energy sources are transformed and used in a reasonable way. The adaption of existing infrastructure and the establishment of new systems, storages and grids are necessary to face the challenges of a changing energy sector. Those three main topics have been the fundament of the EST 2015, which served as a platform for national and international attendees to discuss and interconnect the various disciplines within energy research and energy business.
We thank the authors, who summarised their high-quality and important results and experiences within one-paged abstracts and made the conference and this book possible. The abstracts of this book have been peer-reviewed by an international Scientific Programme Committee and are ordered by type of presentation (oral or poster) and topics. You can navigate by using either the table of contents (page 3) or the conference programme (starting page 4 for oral presentations and page 21 for posters respectively)
An analysis of current and future electricity production from biogas in Germany
In this work a process simulation model identifies the most profitable German biogas plant types and sizes. Small manure and large-scale biowaste plants are currently the most economically attractive installations whereas the valorization of energy crops turns out to be unprofitable. Future developments are assessed with the help of a regional optimization model under constraints. Capacity expansion concerns small-scale manure and biowaste installations rather than plants based on energy crops
Sustainable energy for a resilient future: proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies
Volume I, 898 pages, ISBN 9780853583134
Energy Technologies & Renewables
Session 1: Biofuels & Biomass
Session 5: Building Energy Systems
Session 9: Low-carbon/ Low-energy Technologies
Session 13: Biomass Systems
Session 16: Solar Energy
Session 17: Biomass & Biofuels
Session 20: Solar Energy
Session 21: Solar Energy
Session 22: Solar Energy
Session 25: Building Energy Technologies
Session 26: Solar Energy
Session 29: Low-carbon/ Low-energy Technologies
Session 32: Heat Pumps
Session 33: Low-carbon/ Low-energy Technologies
Session 36: Low-carbon/ Low-energy Technologies
Poster Session A
Poster Session B
Poster Session C
Poster Session E
Volume II, 644 pages, ISBN 9780853583141
Energy Storage & Conversion
Session 2: Heating and Cooling Systems
Session 6: Heating and Cooling Systems
Session 10: Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Session 14: Smart and Responsive Buildings
Session 18: Phase Change Materials
Session 23: Smart and Responsive Buildings
Session 30: Heating and Cooling System
Session 34: Carbon Sequestration
Poster Session A
Poster Session C
Poster Session D
Policies & Management
Session 4: Environmental Issues and the Public
Session 8: Energy and Environment Security
Session 12: Energy and Environment Policies
Poster Session A
Poster Session D
Volume III, 642 pages, ISBN 9780853583158
Sustainable Cities & Environment
Session 3: Sustainable and Resilient Cities
Session 7: Energy Demand and Use Optimization
Session 11: Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Session 15: Green and Sustainable Buildings
Session 19: Green Buildings and Materials
Session 24: Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Session 27: Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Session 28: Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Session 31: Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Session 35: Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Poster Session A
Poster Session D
Poster Session
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