Ernährungsphysiologische Bewertung von Öko-Futtermitteln für Schweine

Es wurden Nährstoffanalysen an ökologisch und konventionell angebauten Weizen-, Gerste- und Ackerbohnensorten durchgeführt. Im Vergleich zum konventionellen Anbau führte der ökologische Anbau bei Weizen und Gerste zu niedrigeren Rohprotein- sowie höheren Stärke- und Fasergehalten. Bei Ackerbohnen ergaben sich tendenziell ähnliche Veränderungen, die Stärkegehalte wurden jedoch bei ökologischer Anbauweise gesenkt. In Stoffwechselversuchen wurden „Schwäbisch Hällische“ (SH), „Bunte Bentheimer“ (BB) und moderne Gebrauchskreuzungsschweine (CB) mit jeweils einer Grundration und einer Zulageration (+Zuckerrübentrockenschnitzel) versorgt. Mit der Grundration erhielten die Schweine 80% des Energie- und 100% des Aminosäurenbedarfs für tägliche Zunahmen von 700g. Das Energiedefizit sollte durch die Schnitzelzulage gedeckt werden. Am Ende der Stoffwechselperioden wurden die Schweine geschlachtet, Fermentationsintensitäten im Caecum bestimmt und für transportphysiologische Messungen (Ussing-Kammer-Verfahren) Mucosaproben vom mittleren Jejunum und Colon entnommen. Die Nicht-Stärke-Polysaccharide der Faserzulage waren hoch verdaulich und bewirkten niedrigere Verdaulichkeiten aller übrigen Nährstoffe. Die N-Ausscheidungen über den Harn wurden gesenkt und die über den Kot gesteigert. CB retinierten höhere N-Mengen als SH und BB. Die Fermentationsintensität im Caecum stieg bei faserreich ernährten Schweine an. Die Schweineherkünfte unterschieden sich im Faserverwertungsvermögen. SH verdauten die geringsten Fasermengen. Die verdauungs- und transportphysiologischen Messungen deuten auf Unterschiede zwischen den Schweineherkünften im praecaecalen Verdauungstrakt hin. Aufgrund der erzielten Ergebnisse ist nicht – wie häufig unterstellt - davon auszugehen, dass Schweine alter Landrassen besser als moderne Gebrauchskreuzungsschweine für die Verwertung faserreicherer Futterrationen im Ökologischen Landbau geeignet sind

Recent advances in industrially applied numerically aided springback compensation

Springback is a common and intrinsic phenomenon of every deep drawing operation. For\ud various reasons the application of high strength steels and aluminum in automotive industry is\ud still increasing. Unfortunately, these materials tend to larger springback than mild steels.\ud Therefore it is more difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the part shape without a proper\ud springback compensation. Several countermeasures can be applied to minimize springback, but\ud it is not always possible to reduce springback sufficiently. Additionally, the overbending\ud technique has been developed to counter springback by modification of the tool shape. This\ud method gives satisfactory results for a whole class of parts which are very susceptible to\ud springback. In this paper an improvement, the smooth displacement adjustment (SDA) method,\ud is presented. Basically the shape deviation of the part is calculated and subsequently\ud approximated by an L2-projection of sufficiently smooth global analytical functions. Due to the\ud restriction to analytical functions the computed shape deviations can be easily transferred to the\ud tool surface in order to compensate them. The use of the new method is demonstrated on an\ud industrial part. The paper ends with conclusions and recommendations

Hybrid Modelling in System Simulation

In times of increasing power and capacity in computer, simulation mathematical models are getting more and more important. For different technical applications and in natural science but also in economic systems and management processes appropriate mathematical model descriptions are necessary. Hybrid modelling is a special technique for more complex model descriptions in order to reduce the degree of complexity. In different fields of interest, the behavior of a model is dependent on the active state. When the model description is changing from one state to another, a so-called state event takes place. State event modelling is the overall term to describe this modelling approach. One state is defined by one dynamic system description and another state is described by the next description. The mathematical environment of the model allows finding the description which is the best matching one in each state. In this sense it is possible to find the most efficient model description for each state and it is not necessary to build up a complicated model structure to cover all cases in one model. Beside the principle effect of the basic structure it is also possible to combine different mathematical modelling techniques for realizing a hybrid model for a certain complex system. In each case a certain mathematical model of the mathematical method can be provided. This is the formal mathematical definition of a multi method approach. In different states different models are simulated and a certain master algorithm is managing the overall administration of the discrimination. The mentioned issues are covered under the overall term hybrid modelling and will be introduced in the corresponding paper

Hybrid Modelling in System Simulation

In times of increasing power and capacity in computer simulation mathematical models are getting more and more important. For different technical applications and in natural science but also in economic systems and management processes appropriate mathematical model descriptions are necessary. Hybrid modelling is a special technique for more complex model descriptions in order to reduce the degree of complexity. In different fields of interest the behavior of a model is dependent on the active state. When the model description is changing from one state to another a so-called state event takes place. State event modelling is the overall term to describe this modelling approach. One state is defined by one dynamic system description and another state is described by the next description. The mathematical environment of the model allows finding the description which is the best matching one in each state. In this sense it is possible to find the most efficient model description for each state and it is not necessary to build up a complicated model structure to cover all cases in one model. Beside the principle effect of the basic structure it is also possible to combine different mathematical modelling techniques for realizing a hybrid model for a certain complex system. In each case a certain mathematical model of the mathematical method can be provided. This is the formal mathematical definition of a multi method approach. In different states different models are simulated and a certain master algorithm is managing the overall administration of the discrimination. The mentioned issues are covered under the overall term hybrid modelling and will be introduced in the corresponding paper

Паралельні неявні блокові методи чисельного розв’язання жорстких динамічних задач із зосередженими параметрами

Запропоновано паралельні неявні однокрокові блокові методи чисельного розв’язання жорстких задач Коші із оцінкою локальної апостеріорної похибки. Розроблено схеми відображення методів на паралельні структури з розподіленою пам’яттю та топологіями: кільце, сітка/тор, гіперкуб. Досліджено потенційний та реальний паралелізм, визначені класи паралельних систем для ефективної реалізації обчислювального процесу на базі розроблених методів.Предложены параллельные неявные одношаговые блочные методы численного решения жесткой задачи Коши с оценкой локальной апостериорной погрешности. Разработаны схемы отображения метода на параллельные структуры с распределенной памятью и топологиями: кольцо, решетка/тор, гиперкуб. Исследованы потенциальный и реальный параллелизм, определены классы параллельных систем для эффективной реализации вычислительного процесса на основе разработанных методов.The parallel implicit one-step block methods of numerical decision of stiff Cauchy’s problems with estimations of local a posterior error are offered. There are developed the schemes of methods reflection on the parallel structures with distributed memory and topologies: ring, mesh/torus, hypercube. There are researched the potential and real parallelism and are certain classes of the parallel systems for effective organization of calculable processes on the basis of the developed methods

SIMULATION TOOLS AND SERVICES FOR MOBILE USERS: HISTORY, STATE-OF-THE-ART AND FUTURE

One of main ideas of this paper is a hypothesis that the simulation play an essentially more significant role in a human history and culture than it is usually assumed. On some examples it can be demonstrated that modern computational simulation has ancient prototypes and some artefacts can be interpreted as special simulation tools and environments. As typical examples of ancient simulation tools the “life/world tree” on mammoth bone and megalithical “models of the world” are presented. These artefacts were interpreted earlier as calendars, observatories or “ancient computers”. The proposed hypothesis considers the following interpretation as most exact and appropriate: “special computational simulation tools and environments with real-time functions (calendar) and real-world interface (observatory)”

Highly confined electromagnetic fields in arrays of strongly coupled Ag nanoparticles

Linear arrays of very small Ag nanoparticles (diameter ~10 nm, spacing 0–4 nm) were fabricated in sodalime glass using an ion irradiation technique. Optical extinction spectroscopy of the arrays reveals a large polarization-dependent splitting of the collective plasmon extinction band. Depending on the preparation condition, a redshift of the longitudinal resonance as large as 1.5 eV is observed. Simulations of the three-dimensional electromagnetic field evolution are used to determine the resonance energy of idealized nanoparticle arrays with different interparticle spacings and array lengths. Using these data, the experimentally observed redshift is attributed to collective plasmon coupling in touching particles and/or in long arrays of strongly coupled particles. The simulations also indicate that for closely coupled nanoparticles (1–2 nm spacing) the electromagnetic field is concentrated in nanoscale regions (10 dB radius: 3 nm) between the particles, with a 5000-fold local field intensity enhancement. In arrays of 1-nm-spaced particles the dipolar particle interaction extends to over 10 particles, while for larger spacing the interaction length decreases. Spatial images of the local field distribution in 12-particle arrays of touching particles reveal a particlelike coupled mode with a resonance at 1.8 eV and a wirelike mode at 0.4 eV

An Approach for Simplified Subsystem Replacement and Reconfiguration in Multimodal VR, AR and Other Simulation Frameworks

Nowadays, modern software for the development of augmented and virtual reality applications is designed with the aim to simplify its usability in order to provide services to a wider user base. In this context, our paper presents a novel approach to make the replacement and reconfiguration of a simulation framework's subsystems possible, without being bound by the restrictions, current plug-in strategies incur, or the need of manipulating its source code. Code manipulation requires a deep understanding of software engineering and the framework's software design, including all dependencies among the subsystems. For this purpose, common simulation systems were examined and their restrictions identified. Solutions of different problems in this context were elaborated and are discussed in this paper