MAGICA project: development of a Multi-frequency Automotive GNSS Integrated Cost effective Antenna

The present work describes the Multi-frequency Automotive GNSS Integrated Cost-effective Antenna (MAGICA) project and the first results. This is a two years project that started in August 2020 under the sponsorship of the European GNSS Agency (GSA) and within the framework of Fundamental Elements. The main objective of the project is to go beyond the state of the art. For the first time, it will provide a cost-effective high precision positioning antenna providing multi-frequency (L1/E1, L5/E5a/E5b & E6), multi-constellation (Galileo, GPS, BeiDou & GLONASS) characteristics, and phase stability as the most relevant performance features. Moreover, the antenna will be commercially ready to be integrated into a vehicle for Autonomous Driving operation. The proposed antenna will increase the number of frequency bands that are offered to the GNSS receivers of the vehicles today. It will include the E6 band of Galileo, providing, in this manner, not only more accurate but also safer positioning due to the authentication service.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

IF-level signal-processing of GPS and Galileo Radionavigation signals using MATLAB/Simulink®: Including Effects of Interference and Multipath

Open-source GNSS simulator models are rare and somewhat difficult to find. Therefore, Laboratory of Electronics and Communications Engineering in the former Tampere University of Technology (and now Tampere University, Hervanta Campus) has took it upon itself to develop, from time to time, a free and open-source simulator model based on MATLAB/Simulink® for signal processing of a carefully selected set of GNSS radionavigation signals, namely, Galileo E1, Galileo E5, GPS L1, and GPS L5. This M.Sc. thesis is the culmination of those years which have been spent intermittently on research and development of that simulator model. The first half of this M.Sc. thesis is a literature review of some topics which are believed to be of relevance to the thesis’s second half which is in turn more closely associated with documenting the simulator model in question. In particular, the literature review part presents the reader with a plethora of GNSS topics ranging from history of GNSS technology to characteristics of existing radionavigation signals and, last but not least, compatibility and interoperability issues among existing GNSS constellations. While referring to the GNSS theory whenever necessary, the second half is, however, mainly focused on describing the inner-workings of the simulator model from the standpoint of software implementations. Finally, the second half, and thereby the thesis, is concluded with a presentation of various statistical results concerning signal acquisition’s probabilities of detection and false-alarm, in addition to signal tracking’s RMSE

Advanced GNSS-R instruments for altimetric and scatterometric applications

This work is the result of more than eight years during a bachelor thesis, a master thesis, and the Ph.D. thesis dedicated to the development of the Microwave Interferometric Reflectometer (MIR) instrument. It summarizes all the knowledge acquired during this time, and describes the MIR instrument as detailed as possible. MIR is a Global Navigation Satellite System - Reflectometer (GNSS-R), that is, an instrument that uses Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals scattered on the Earth's surface to retrieve geophysical parameters. These signals are received below the noise level, but since they have been spread in the frequency domain using spread-spectrum techniques, and in particular using the so-called Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) codes, it is still possible to retrieve them because of the large correlation gain achieved. In GNSS-R, two main techniques are used for this purpose: the conventional technique cGNSS-R and the interferometric one iGNSS-R, each with its pros and cons. In the former technique, the reflected signal is cross-correlated against a locally generated clean-replica of the transmitted signal. In the latter technique the reflected signal is cross-correlated with the direct one. Nowadays multiple GNSS systems coexist, transmitting narrow and wide, open and private signals. A comparison between systems, signals, and techniques in fair conditions is necessary. The MIR instrument has been designed as an airborne instrument for that purpose: the instrument has two arrays, an up-looking one, and a down-looking one, each with 19 dual-band antennas in a hexagonal distribution. The instrument is able to form 2 beams at each frequency band (L1/E1, and L5/E5A), which are pointing continuously to the desired satellites taking into account their position, as well as the instrument's position and attitude. The data is sampled and stored for later post-processing. Last but not least, MIR is auto-calibrated using similar signals to the ones transmitted by the GNSS satellites. During the instrument development, the Distance Measurement Equipment/TACtical Air Navigation (DME/TACAN) signals from the Barcelona airport threatened to disrupt the interferometric technique. These signals were also studied, and it was concluded that the use of a mitigation systems were as strongly recommended. The interferometric technique was also affected by the unwanted contribution of other satellites. The impact of these contributions was studied using real data gathered during this Ph.D. thesis. During these 8 years, the instrument was designed, built, tested, and calibrated. A field campaign was carried out in Australia between May 2018 and June 2018 to determine the instrument's accuracy in sensing soil moisture and sea altimetry. This work describes each of these steps in detail and aims to be helpful for those who decide to continue the legacy of this instrument.Este trabajo es el resultado de más de 8 años de doctorado dedicados al desarrollo del instrumento Microwave Interferometric Reflectometer (MIR). Esta tesis resume todo el conocimiento adquirido durante este tiempo, y describe el MIR lo más detalladamente posible. El MIR es un Reflectómetro de señales de Sistemas Globales de Navegación por Satélite (GNSS-R), es decir, es un instrumento que usa señales de GNSS reflejadas en la superficie de la tierra para obtener parámetros geofísicos. Estas señales son recibidas bajo el nivel de ruido, pero dado que han sido ensanchadas en el dominio frecuencial usando técnicas de espectro ensanchado, y en particular usando códigos Pseudo Random Noise (PRN), es todavía posible recibirlas debido a la elevada ganancia de correlación. En GNSS-R existen dos técnicas para este propósito: la convencional (cGNSS-R), y la interferométrica (iGNSS-R), cada una con sus pros y sus contras. En la primera se calcula la correlación cruzada de la señal reflejada y de una réplica generada del código transmitido. En la segunda técnica se calcula la correlación cruzada de la señal reflejada y de la señal directa. Hoy en día muchos sistemas GNSS coexisten, transmitiendo señales de distintos anchos de banda, algunas públicas y otras privadas. Una comparación entre sistemas, señales, y técnicas en condiciones justas es necesaria. El MIR es un instrumento aerotransportado diseñado como para ese propósito: el instrumento tiene dos arrays de antenas, uno apuntando al cielo, y otro apuntando al suelo, cada uno con 19 antenas doble banda en una distribución hexagonal. El instrumento puede formar 2 haces en cada banda frecuencial (L1/E1 y L5/E5A) que apuntan continuamente a los satélites deseados teniendo en cuenta su posición, y la posición y actitud del instrumento. Los datos son guardados para ser procesados posteriormente. Por último pero no menos importante, el MIR se calibra usando señales similares a las transmitidas por los satélites de GNSS. Durante el desarrollo del instrumento, señales del sistema Distance Measuremt Equi Distance Measurement Equipment/TACtical Air Navigation (DME/TACAN) del aeropuerto de Barcelona mostraron ser una amenaza para la técnica interferométrica. Estas señales fueron estudiadas y se concluyó que era encarecidamente recomendado el uso de sistemas de mitigación de interferencias. La técnica interferométrica también se ve afectada por las contribuciones no deseadas de otros satélites, llamado cross-talk. El impacto del cross-talk fue estudiado usando datos reales tomados durante esta tesis doctoral. A lo largo de estos 8 años el instrumento ha sido diseñado, construido, testeado y calibrado. Una campaña de medidas fue llevada a cabo en Australia entre Mayo de 2018 y Junio de 2018 para determinar la capacidad del instrumento para estimar la humedad del terreno y la altura del mar. Este documento describe cada uno de estos pasos al detalle y espera resultar útil para aquellos que decidan continuar con el legado de este instrumento.Postprint (published version

CMOS ASIC Design of Multi-frequency Multi-constellation GNSS Front-ends

With the emergence of the new global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) such as Galileo, COMPASS and GLONASS, the US Global Positioning System (GPS) has new competitors. This multiplicity of constellations will offer new services and a much better satellite coverage. Public regulated service (PRS) is one of these new services that Galileo, the first global positioning service under civilian control, will offers. The PRS is a proprietary encrypted navigation designed to be more reliable and robust against jamming and provides premium quality in terms of position and timing and continuity of service, but it requires the use of FEs with extended capabilities. The project that this thesis starts from, aims to develop a dual frequency (E1 and E6) PRS receiver with a focus on a solution for professional applications that combines affordability and robustness. To limit the production cost, the choice of a monolithic design in a multi-purpose 0.18 µm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology have been selected, and to reduce the susceptibility to interference, the targeted receiver is composed of two independent FEs. The first ASIC described here is such FEs bundle. Each FE is composed of a radio frequency (RF) chain that includes a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a quadrature mixer, a frequency synthesizer (FS), two intermediate frequency (IF) filters, two variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs) and two 6-bit flash analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Each have an IF bandwidth of 50 MHz to accommodate the wide-band PRS signals. The FE achieves a 30 dB of dynamic gain control at each channel. The complete receivers occupies a die area of 11.5 mm2 while consuming 115 mW from a supply of a 1.8 V. The second ASIC that targets civilian applications, is a reconfigurable single-channel FE that permits to exploit the interoperability among GNSSs. The FE can operate in two modes: a ¿narrow-band mode¿, dedicated to Beidou-B1 with an IF bandwidth of 8 MHz, and a ¿wide-band mode¿ with an IF bandwidth of 23 MHz, which can accommodate simultaneous reception of Beidou-B1/GPS-L1/Galileo-E1. These two modes consumes respectively 22.85 mA and 28.45 mA from a 1.8 V supply. Developed with the best linearity in mind, the FE shows very good linearity with an input-referred 1 dB compression point (IP1dB) of better than -27.6 dBm. The FE gain is stepwise flexible from 39 dB and to a maximum of 58 dB. The complete FE occupies a die area of only 2.6 mm2 in a 0.18 µm CMOS. To also accommodate the wide-band PRS signals in the IF section of the FE, a highly selective wide-tuning-range 4th-order Gm-C elliptic low-pass filter is used. It features an innovative continuous tuning circuit that adjusts the bias current of the Gm cell¿s input stage to control the cutoff frequency. With this circuit, the power consumption is proportional to the cutoff frequency thus the power efficiency is achieved while keeping the linearity near constant. Thanks to a Gm switching technique, which permit to keep the signal path switchless, the filter shows an extended tuning of the cutoff frequency that covers continuously a range from 7.4 MHz to 27.4 MHz. Moreover the abrupt roll-off of up to 66 dB/octave, can mitigate out-of-band interference. The filter consumes 2.1 mA and 7.5 mA at its lowest and highest cutoff frequencies respectively, and its active area occupies, 0.23 mm2. It achieves a high input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3) of up to -1.3 dBVRMS

Parametric models for a database of realistic threats to GNSS receivers

Threats to GNSS receivers are becoming increasingly complex and easier to implement due to technological advancement. So, these attacks have become now a serious problem for any user, not only, for example, for military or safety-of-life purposes anymore. In this context, TAM has been created to collect data about these attacks and possible mitigations. This thesis describes how tested threat scenarios to GNSS signals have been parameterized to be inserted in the TAM database.openEmbargo tempraneo per motivi di segretezza e/o di proprietà dei risultati e informazioni di enti esterni o aziende private che hanno partecipato alla realizzazione del lavoro di ricerca relativo alla tes

Software Simulator and Signal Analysis for Galileo E5 band Signals

Galileo is the European Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) that aims at providing high availability, increased accuracy, and various location services under the civilian control. Four in-orbit validation satellites have already been launched till date and the system is estimated to be fully deployed by the year 2020. The Galileo navigation signals are transmitted at four frequency bands, which are named E5a, E5b, E6, and E1 bands. The signal of interest in this thesis is Galileo E5a band and Galileo E5b band signals. Signal acquisition and signal tracking are the main functions in a GNSS receiver. Acquisition identifies all the visible satellites and estimates the coarse values of carrier frequency and code phase estimates of the satellite signal. Tracking refines the coarse carrier frequency and code phase estimates, and keeps track of the satellite. The objective of this thesis has been to design and implement Galileo E5a and E5b signals receiver which can acquire all the visible E5a and E5b signals and which gives coarse estimate of carrier frequency and code phase. Such a receiver has been successfully designed in Matlab starting from the Matlab initial files provided by the Finnish Geodetic Institute (FGI) provided tool. In this thesis, two different software implementations are analyzed: 1) The acquisition and tracking of simulated Galileo E5a signals generated in the Matlab Simulink E1-E5 model; and 2) The acquisition of real-time Galileo E5b signals received from the satellite provided by Finnish Geodetic Institute (FGI), Masala, Finland. In the Simulink implementation, the whole E5 signal is generated and propagated through different channel profiles. The received signals are tested with acquisition and tracking and the results are compared for different channel profile and Carrier-to-Noise density ratio. Similarly, the real-time Galileo signals from four satellites now available on sky from the Galileo constellation were received and performed acquisition. In both implementations, a sharp triangular peak was observed at the rough frequency and code phase estimates, proving that the Galileo E5a/b signals can be indeed acquired correctly with the implemented simulator

Design and development of a technological demonstrator for the study of high dynamics GNSS receivers

[ES] En el marco de esta tesis se van a estudiar, principalmente, los efectos del movimiento de alta dinámica en receptores de Sistemas Globales de Navegación por Satélite (GNSS). El término alta dinámica es un término utilizado para referirse al movimiento de los vehículos en los que van embarcados receptores GNSS, los cuales se mueven lo suficientemente rápido como para causar un gran desplazamiento en frecuencia de la portadora debido al efecto Doppler. Se identificarán los problemas inherentes a este tipo de entornos y se estudiarán y propondrán soluciones. Para poder efectuar el estudio de estos fenómenos, se diseñará un demostrador tecnológico (conjunto de hardware y software para prueba y prototipado de tecnologías) en el que desarrollar el estudio de los casos de interés. Con el fin de trabajar en un entorno repetible, se utilizará un generador de señal GNSS. La señal generada se traslada a un receptor de radiofrecuencia definido por software, Software Defined Radio (SDR). Este tipo de receptor únicamente se encarga de digitalizar la señal de entrada y de llevar las muestras digitales a un ordenador, de modo que todo el procesado de señal se implementa en dicho ordenador. Este esquema de trabajo es ideal habida cuenta de su simplicidad y flexibilidad. Dicha flexibilidad conlleva la posibilidad de sintonizar el demostrador para poder estudiar una amplia gama de arquitecturas de receptor GNSS. Una vez se haya ensamblado el demostrador, se comprobará su correcto funcionamiento en escenarios conocidos usando los algoritmos más utilizados a día de hoy en receptores GNSS. Asegurado el correcto funcionamiento, se comparará el rendimiento de algoritmos de referencia con los algoritmos a estudiar y se extraerán conclusiones.[CA] En aquest treball s'estudiaran, principalment, els efectes del moviment d'alta dinámica en receptors de Navegació per Satèl.lit GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). La denominació alta dinámica, s'utilitza per a descriure el moviment dels vehicles dins dels quals hi han receptors GNSS. El moviment d'aquests vehicles és suficientment ràpid com per a causar un gran desplaçament en freqüència de la freqüència portadora. Aquest desplaçament és consqüència de l'efecte Doppler. S'identificaran els problemes inherents d'aquest tipus de entorns GNSS i es propsararàn solucions. Per a estudiar l'efecte de l'alta dinàmica, es dissenyarà un demostrador tecnològic (conjunt de maquinari i software per a proves i prototipat de tecnologies) en que es pot desenvolupar l'estudi dels casos d'interès. Amb l'objectiu d'aconseguir treballar en un entorn repetible s'utilitzarà un generador de senyal GNSS. El senyal es processarà mitjançant un receptor SDR (Software Defined Radio). Aquest tipus de receptor s'encarrega del processat que fa un receptor GNSS en un PC. Aquesta filosofia de treball és idónia per la seua flexibilitat i simplicitat. Quan s'haja ensamblat el demostrador, és comprovarà el seu correct funcionament en escenaris de prova utilitzant els algoritmes implementats en receptors GNSS comercials. En aquest moment, el demostrador estarà preparat per a estudiar el casos d'alta dinàmica, que és l'objectiu fonamental d'aquest treball.[EN] The study of the effects of the high dynamics on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers constitute the main matter of study in this work. The term high dynamics refers to the movement of vehicles that carry GNSS embedded receivers, which move fast enough to generate a large carrier frequency drift caused by the Doppler effect. The problems linked to these environments will be characterized and solutions to counteract possible signal impairments will be discussed. In order to correctly characterize these problems, a technological demonstrator (set of hardware components interacting with software tools enabling fast prototyping) will be designed and constructed. Using this technological demonstrator, different case studies will be developed. With the aim of achieving experimental repeatability, a GNSS signal generator will be used. The generated GNSS signal is fed to a Software Defined Radio (SDR) GNSS receiver. This receiver type is in charge of digitizing the analog RF signal and carrying the resulting samples to a computer in which signal processing tasks implementing the functions of GNSS receivers, take place. The main advantage linked to the usage of this work scheme is that by changing the software part, different receiver architectures can be implemented in a simple manner. Furthermore, by taking advantage of the flexible architecture it is possible to tune the detector in such a manner that it is possible to implement many different architecture types. Once the technological demonstrator is assembled, tests to assure its correct operation will be conducted by performing comparisons with the behaviour of well-known GNSS receivers in known scenarios. Later on, comparative tests using signals from high dynamics scenarios will take place. Insight and analysis of comparative performance will be given.Alcaide Guillén, C. (2019). Design and development of a technological demonstrator for the study of high dynamics GNSS receivers [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/131697TESI

Precise positioning in real-time using GPS-RTK signal for visually impaired people navigation system

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University, 24/9/2010.This thesis presents the research carried out to investigate and achieve highly reliable and accurate navigation system of guidance for visually impaired pedestrians. The main aim with this PhD project has been to identify the limits and insufficiencies in utilising Network Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite Systems (NRTK GNSS) and its augmentation techniques within the frame of pedestrian applications in a variety of environments and circumstances. Moreover, the system can be used in many other applications, including unmanned vehicles, military applications, police, etc. NRTK GNSS positioning is considered to be a superior solution in comparison to the conventional standalone Global Positioning System (GPS) technique whose accuracy is highly affected by the distance dependent errors such as satellite orbital and atmospheric biases. Nevertheless, NRTK GNSS positioning is particularly constrained by wireless data link coverage, delays of correction and transmission and completeness, GPS and GLONASS signal availability, etc., which could downgrade the positioning quality of the NRTK results. This research is based on the dual frequency NRTK GNSS (GPS and GLONASS). Additionally, it is incorporated into several positioning and communication methods responsible for data correction while providing the position solutions, in which all identified contextual factors and application requirements are accounted. The positioning model operates through client-server based architecture consisted of a Navigation Service Centre (NSC) and a Mobile Navigation Unit (MNU). Hybrid functional approaches were consisting of several processing procedures allowing the positioning model to operate in position determination modes. NRTK GNSS and augmentation service is used if enough navigation information was available at the MNU using its local positioning device (GPS/GLONASS receiver).The positioning model at MNU was experimentally evaluated and centimetric accuracy was generally attained during both static and kinematic tests in various environments (urban, suburban and rural). This high accuracy was merely affected by some level of unavailability mainly caused by GPS and GLONASS signal blockage. Additionally, the influence of the number of satellites in view, dilution of precision (DOP) and age corrections (AoC) over the accuracy and stability of the NRTK GNSS solution was also investigated during this research and presented in the thesis. This positioning performance has outperformed the existing GPS service. In addition, utilising a simulation evaluation facility the positioning model at MNU performance was quantified with reference to a hybrid positioning service that will be offered by future Galileo Open Service (OS) along with GPS. However, a significant difference in terms of the service availability for the advantage of the hybrid system was experienced in all remaining scenarios and environments more especially the urban areas due to surrounding obstacles and conditions. As an outcome of this research a new and precise positioning model was proposed. The adaptive framework is understood as approaching an integration of the available positioning technology into the context of surrounding wireless communication for a maintainable performance. The positioning model has the capability of delivering indeed accurate, precise and consistent position solutions, and thus is fulfilling the requirements of visually impaired people navigation application, as identified in the adaptive framework

Selection of the key earth observation sensors and platforms focusing on applications for Polar Regions in the scope of Copernicus system 2020-2030

An optimal payload selection conducted in the frame of the H2020 ONION project (id 687490) is presented based on the ability to cover the observation needs of the Copernicus system in the time period 2020–2030. Payload selection is constrained by the variables that can be measured, the power consumption, and weight of the instrument, and the required accuracy and spatial resolution (horizontal or vertical). It involved 20 measurements with observation gaps according to the user requirements that were detected in the top 10 use cases in the scope of Copernicus space infrastructure, 9 potential applied technologies, and 39 available commercial platforms. Additional Earth Observation (EO) infrastructures are proposed to reduce measurements gaps, based on a weighting system that assigned high relevance for measurements associated to Marine for Weather Forecast over Polar Regions. This study concludes with a rank and mapping of the potential technologies and the suitable commercial platforms to cover most of the requirements of the top ten use cases, analyzing the Marine for Weather Forecast, Sea Ice Monitoring, Fishing Pressure, and Agriculture and Forestry: Hydric stress as the priority use cases.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Feasibility of a Direct Sampling Dual-Frequency SDR Galileo Receiver for Civil Aviation

Cette thèse étudie l'intérêt des architectures SDR à échantillonnage direct pour des récepteurs Galileo dans le contexte particulier de l'Aviation Civile, caractérisé notamment par une exigence de robustesse à des interférences bien spécifiées, principalement les interférences causées par les signaux DME ou CW. Le concept de Software Defined Radio traduit la migration toujours plus grande, au sein des récepteurs, des procédés de démodulation d'une technologie analogique à du traitement numérique, donc de façon logicielle. La quasi généralisation de ce choix de conception dans les architectures nouvelles nous a conduit à le considérer comme acquis dans notre travail. La méthode d'échantillonnage direct, ou Direct Sampling, quant à elle consiste à numériser les signaux le plus près possible de l'antenne, typiquement derrière le LNA et les filtres RF associés. Cette technique s'affranchit donc de toute conversion en fréquence intermédiaire, utilisant autant que possible le principe de l'échantillonnage passe-bande afin de minimiser la fréquence d'échantillonnage et en conséquence les coûts calculatoires ultérieurs. De plus cette thèse s'est proposée de pousser jusqu'au bout la simplification analogique en renonçant également à l'utilisation de l'AGC analogique qui équipe les récepteurs de conception traditionnelle. Seuls des amplificateurs à gain fixe précéderont l'ADC. Ce mémoire rend compte des travaux menés pour déterminer si ces choix peuvent s'appliquer aux récepteurs Galileo multifréquences (signaux E5a et E1) destinés à l'Aviation Civile. La structure du document reflète la démarche qui a été la notre durant cette thèse et qui a consisté à partir de l'antenne pour, d'étape en étape, aboutir au signal numérique traité par la partie SDR. Après une introduction détaillant le problème posé et le contexte dans lequel il s'inscrit, le deuxième chapitre étudie les exigences de robustesse aux interférences auquel doit se soumettre un récepteur de navigation par satellites destiné à l'Aviation Civile. Il s'agit de la base qui conditionne toute la démarche à suivre. Le troisième chapitre est consacré au calcul des fréquences d'échantillonnage. Deux architectures d'échantillonnage sont proposées. La première met en oeuvre un échantillonnage cohérent des deux bandes E5a et E1 tandis que la seconde implémente un échantillonnage séparé. Dans les deux cas, la nécessité de filtres RF supplémentaires précédant l'échantillonnage est mise en évidence. L'atténuation minimale que doivent apporter ces filtres est spécifiée. Ces spécifications sont suffisamment dures pour qu'il ait été jugé indispensable d'effectuer une étude de faisabilité. C'est l'objet du chapitre quatre où une approche expérimentale à base d'un composant disponible sur étagère a été menée. La problématique de la gigue de l'horloge d'échantillonnage, incontournable ici eu égard à la haute fréquence des signaux à numériser, est étudiée dans le chapitre cinq. Des résultats de simulation sont présentés et un dimensionnement de la qualité de l'horloge d'échantillonnage est proposé. Dans le chapitre six, la quantification, second volet de la numérisation, est détaillée. Il s'agit très précisément du calcul du nombre minimum de bits de quantification que doit exhiber l'ADC pour représenter toute la dynamique, non seulement du signal utile mais aussi des interférences potentielles. Au vu des débits de données conséquents mis en évidence dans les chapitres trois et six, le chapitre sept évalue la possibilité de réduire la dynamique de codage du signal à l'aide de fonctions de compression. Le dernier chapitre est focalisé sur la séparation numérique des bandes E5a et E1 dans l'architecture à échantillonnage cohérent introduite au chapitre deux. Ici aussi l'atténuation minimale que doivent apporter les filtres requis est spécifiée. Et finalement la conclusion synthétise les résultats obtenus et propose des idées de travaux complémentaires destinés à enrichir les contributions de cette thèse. ABSTRACT : This thesis studies the relevance of DS SDR architectures applied to Galileo receivers in the specific context of Civil Aviation, characterized in particular by strict requirements of robustness to interference, in particular, interference caused by DME or CW signals. The Software Defined Radio concept renders the major tendency, inside the receiver, to move the demodulation part from an analog technology to digital signal processing, that is software. The choice of this kind of design is nearly generalized in new receiver architectures so it was considered the case in this work. The Direct Sampling method consists in digitizing the signal as close as possible to the antenna, typically after the LNA and the associated RF bandpass filter. So this technique does not use any conversion to an intermediate frequency, using as much as possible the bandpass sampling principle in order to minimize the sampling frequency and consequently the downstream computational costs. What is more, this thesis aiming at the greatest simplification of the analog part of the receiver, the decision was made to suppress the analog AGC which equips the receivers of classical architecture. Only fixed gained amplifiers should precede the ADC. This document exposes the work done to determine if these choices can apply to a multifrequency (E5a and E1 signals) Galileo receiver intended for a Civil Aviation use. The structure of the document reflects the approach used during this thesis. It progresses step by step from the antenna down to the digital signal, to be processed then by the SDR part. After an introduction detailing the problem to study and its context, the second chapter investigates the Civil Aviation requirements of robustness to interference a satellite navigation receiver must comply with. It is the basis which completely conditions the design process. The third chapter is devoted to the determination of the sampling frequency. Two sampling architectures are proposed: the first implements coherent sampling of the two E5a and E1 bands while the second uses separate sampling. In both cases the necessity to use extra RF filters is shown. The minimum attenuation to be provided by these filters is also specified. These requirements are strong enough to justify a feasibility investigation. It is the subject of chapter four where an experimental study, based on a SAW filter chip available on the shelf, is related. The issue of the sampling clock jitter, of concern with the Direct Sampling technique because of the high frequency of the signal to digitize, is investigated in chapter five. Some simulation results are presented and a dimensioning of the quality of the sampling clock is proposed. In chapter six, quantization, a byproduct of digitization, is detailed. Precisely it is the calculation of the number of bits the ADC must have to digitally represent the whole dynamic of, not only the useful signal, but also of the potential interference. Considering the high binary throughput highlighted in chapters three and six, chapter seven evaluates the possibility to reduce the coding dynamic of the digital signal at the output of the ADC by means of compression functions. The last chapter is focused on the digital separation of the two E5a and E1 bands in the coherent sampling architecture presented in chapter two. Here also specifications of minimum attenuation are given. Lastly the conclusions synthesize the contributions of this thesis and proposes ideas for future work to enrich them and more generally the subject of DS-SDR Galileo receivers for Civil Aviation