419,439 research outputs found
A pilot study of operating department practitioners undertaking high-risk learning: a comparison of experiential, part-task and hi-fidelity simulation teaching methods
Health care learners commonly rely on opportunistic experiential learning in clinical placements in order to develop cognitive and psychomotor clinical skills. In recent years there has been an increasing effort to develop effective alternative, non-opportunistic methods of learning, in an attempt to bypass the questionable tradition of relying on patients to practice on.
As part of such efforts, there is an increased utilisation of simulation-based education. However, the effectiveness of simulation in health care education arguably varies between professions (Liaw, Chan, Scherpbier, Rethans, & Pua, 2012; Oberleitner, Broussard, & Bourque, 2011; Ross, 2012). This pilot study compares the effectiveness of three educational (or âteachingâ) methods in the development of clinical knowledge and skills during Rapid Sequence Induction (RSI) of anaesthesia, a potentially life-threatening clinical situation. Students of Operating Department Practice (ODP) undertook either a) traditional classroom based and experiential learning, b) part-task training, or c) fully submersive scenario-based simulated learning
Entropic Forces in Binary Hard Sphere Mixtures: Theory and Simulation
We perform extensive Monte Carlo simulations of binary hard-sphere mixtures
(with diameter ratios of 5 and 10), to determine the entropic force between (1)
a macrosphere and a hard wall, and (2) a pair of macrospheres. The microsphere
background fluid (at volume fractions ranging from 0.1 to 0.34) induces an
entropic force on the macrosphere(s); the latter component is at infinite
dilution. We find good overall agreement, in both cases, with the predictions
of an HNC-based theory for the entropic force. Our results also argue for the
validity of the Derjaguin approximation relating the force between convex
bodies to that between planar surfaces. The earlier Asakura-Oosawa theory,
based on a simple geometric argument, is only accurate in the low-density
limit.Comment: 13 pages, LaTeX, 10 figure
Physics-related epistemic uncertainties in proton depth dose simulation
A set of physics models and parameters pertaining to the simulation of proton
energy deposition in matter are evaluated in the energy range up to
approximately 65 MeV, based on their implementations in the Geant4 toolkit. The
analysis assesses several features of the models and the impact of their
associated epistemic uncertainties, i.e. uncertainties due to lack of
knowledge, on the simulation results. Possible systematic effects deriving from
uncertainties of this kind are highlighted; their relevance in relation to the
application environment and different experimental requirements are discussed,
with emphasis on the simulation of radiotherapy set-ups. By documenting
quantitatively the features of a wide set of simulation models and the related
intrinsic uncertainties affecting the simulation results, this analysis
provides guidance regarding the use of the concerned simulation tools in
experimental applications; it also provides indications for further
experimental measurements addressing the sources of such uncertainties.Comment: To be published in IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sc
Teaching employability skills through simulation games
This paper examines the use of a business simulation game to test its effectiveness in promoting the awareness of employability skills in undergraduate students. A mixed approach using an-online survey tool was used to record student perceptions of how their employability skills were developed across ten courses and three faculties. The survey was conducted before the unit started, and on completion. Key emerging themes show that students demonstrated an increased awareness and development of their employability skills. They acquired and developed their skills by learning how to operate a small business start-up using a business simulation game. This research project was limited to one core unit in the curriculum, and the project is university specific. A cross university research project would add further value to the research project. Students are able to articulate the skills they have acquired and developed thus showing elements of self-awareness. An increase in studentâs social capital is likely to enhance their career decisions. This paper will be of value to institutions wishing to evaluate the use of serious business simulation games to embed employability skills into the curriculum
Multi-level agent-based modeling - A literature survey
During last decade, multi-level agent-based modeling has received significant
and dramatically increasing interest. In this article we present a
comprehensive and structured review of literature on the subject. We present
the main theoretical contributions and application domains of this concept,
with an emphasis on social, flow, biological and biomedical models.Comment: v2. Ref 102 added. v3-4 Many refs and text added v5-6 bibliographic
statistics updated. v7 Change of the name of the paper to reflect what it
became, many refs and text added, bibliographic statistics update
Aligning operational and corporate goals: a case study in cultivating a whole-of-business approach using a supply chain simulation game
This paper outlines the development and use of an interactive computer-based supply chain game to facilitate the alignment of disconnected operational and corporate goals. A multi-enterprise internal cattle supply chain was simulated targeting the operational property managers and the overall impacts of their decision making on corporate goals A three stage multidisciplinary approach was used. A case study based financial analysis was undertaken across the internal cattle supply chain, a participative action research component (developing the game to simulate the flow of product and associated decisions and financial
transactions through the internal supply chain of the company for different operational scenarios using measurable and familiar operational and financial criteria as tracking tools), and a qualitative analysis of organisational learning through player debriefing following
playing the game. Evaluation of the managers' learning around the need for a change in general practice to address goal incongruence was positive evidenced by changes in practice and the game regarded by the users as a useful form of organisational training. The game provided property managers with practical insights into the strategic implications of their enterprise level decisions on the internal supply chain and on overall corporate performance.
The game is unique and is a tool that can be used to help address an endemic problem across multi-enterprise industries in the agrifood sector in Australia
Direct calculation of interfacial tensions from computer simulation: Results for freely jointed tangent hard sphere chains
We develop a methodology for the calculation of surface free energies based
on the probability distribution of a wandering interface. Using a simple
extension of the NpT sampling, we allow the interface area to randomly probe
the available space and evaluate the surface free energy from histogram
analysis and the corresponding average. The method is suitable for studying
systems with either continuous or discontinuous potentials, as it does not
require explicit evaluation of the virial. The proposed algorithm is compared
with known results for the surface tension of Lennard--Jones and Square Well
fluid, as well as for the interface tension of a bead--spring polymer model and
good agreement is found. We also calculate interfacial tensions of freely
jointed tangent hard sphere chains on athermal walls for a wide range of chain
lengths and densities. The results are compared with three different
theoretical approaches, Scaled Particle Theory, the Yu and Wu density
functional theory and an analytical approximation based on the latter approach.
Whereas SPT only yields qualitative results, the last two approaches are found
to yield very good agreement with simulations.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, Phys. Rev. E in press
Stochastic locality and master-field simulations of very large lattices
In lattice QCD and other field theories with a mass gap, the field variables
in distant regions of a physically large lattice are only weakly correlated.
Accurate stochastic estimates of the expectation values of local observables
may therefore be obtained from a single representative field. Such master-field
simulations potentially allow very large lattices to be simulated, but require
various conceptual and technical issues to be addressed. In this talk, an
introduction to the subject is provided and some encouraging results of
master-field simulations of the SU(3) gauge theory are reported.Comment: Talk given at the 35th International Symposium on Lattice Field
Theory, 18-24 June 2017, Granada, Spain; LaTeX source with 6 figure
Viscous regularization and r-adaptive remeshing for finite element analysis of lipid membrane mechanics
As two-dimensional fluid shells, lipid bilayer membranes resist bending and
stretching but are unable to sustain shear stresses. This property gives
membranes the ability to adopt dramatic shape changes. In this paper, a finite
element model is developed to study static equilibrium mechanics of membranes.
In particular, a viscous regularization method is proposed to stabilize
tangential mesh deformations and improve the convergence rate of nonlinear
solvers. The Augmented Lagrangian method is used to enforce global constraints
on area and volume during membrane deformations. As a validation of the method,
equilibrium shapes for a shape-phase diagram of lipid bilayer vesicle are
calculated. These numerical techniques are also shown to be useful for
simulations of three-dimensional large-deformation problems: the formation of
tethers (long tube-like exetensions); and Ginzburg-Landau phase separation of a
two-lipid-component vesicle. To deal with the large mesh distortions of the
two-phase model, modification of vicous regularization is explored to achieve
r-adaptive mesh optimization
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