83,996 research outputs found
SensibleSleep: A Bayesian Model for Learning Sleep Patterns from Smartphone Events
We propose a Bayesian model for extracting sleep patterns from smartphone
events. Our method is able to identify individuals' daily sleep periods and
their evolution over time, and provides an estimation of the probability of
sleep and wake transitions. The model is fitted to more than 400 participants
from two different datasets, and we verify the results against ground truth
from dedicated armband sleep trackers. We show that the model is able to
produce reliable sleep estimates with an accuracy of 0.89, both at the
individual and at the collective level. Moreover the Bayesian model is able to
quantify uncertainty and encode prior knowledge about sleep patterns. Compared
with existing smartphone-based systems, our method requires only screen on/off
events, and is therefore much less intrusive in terms of privacy and more
battery-efficient
Entanglement as a semantic resource
The characteristic holistic features of the quantum theoretic formalism and the intriguing notion of entanglement can be applied to a field that is far from microphysics: logical semantics. Quantum computational logics are new forms of quantum logic that have been suggested by the theory of quantum logical gates in quantum computation. In the standard semantics of these logics, sentences denote quantum information quantities: systems of qubits (quregisters) or, more generally, mixtures of quregisters (qumixes), while logical connectives are interpreted as special quantum logical gates (which have a characteristic reversible and dynamic behavior). In this framework, states of knowledge may be entangled, in such a way that our information about the whole determines our information about the parts; and the procedure cannot be, generally, inverted. In spite of its appealing properties, the standard version of the quantum computational semantics is strongly "Hilbert-space dependent". This certainly represents a shortcoming for all applications, where real and complex numbers do not generally play any significant role (as happens, for instance, in the case of natural and of artistic languages). We propose an abstract version of quantum computational semantics, where abstract qumixes, quregisters and registers are identified with some special objects (not necessarily living in a Hilbert space), while gates are reversible functions that transform qumixes into qumixes. In this framework, one can give an abstract definition of the notions of superposition and of entangled pieces of information, quite independently of any numerical values. We investigate three different forms of abstract holistic quantum computational logic
The Combination of Paradoxical, Uncertain, and Imprecise Sources of Information based on DSmT and Neutro-Fuzzy Inference
The management and combination of uncertain, imprecise, fuzzy and even
paradoxical or high conflicting sources of information has always been, and
still remains today, of primal importance for the development of reliable
modern information systems involving artificial reasoning. In this chapter, we
present a survey of our recent theory of plausible and paradoxical reasoning,
known as Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) in the literature, developed for
dealing with imprecise, uncertain and paradoxical sources of information. We
focus our presentation here rather on the foundations of DSmT, and on the two
important new rules of combination, than on browsing specific applications of
DSmT available in literature. Several simple examples are given throughout the
presentation to show the efficiency and the generality of this new approach.
The last part of this chapter concerns the presentation of the neutrosophic
logic, the neutro-fuzzy inference and its connection with DSmT. Fuzzy logic and
neutrosophic logic are useful tools in decision making after fusioning the
information using the DSm hybrid rule of combination of masses.Comment: 20 page
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